Rice Industry Research Report

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I. Definition and Classification of the Rice Industry

(a) Definition of the rice industry

Rice, rice, refers to the finished product of paddy rice made after cleaning, hulling, milling, finishing and other processes. According to the National Bureau of Statistics formulated "National Economic Industry Classification and Code", China classifies the rice industry as grain milling (C131) in the agricultural and food processing industry (NBS code 13), with a statistical 4-level code of C1310.

(ii) Classification of major products in the rice industry

China's rice is divided into three categories: indica rice, round-grained rice and glutinous rice. Indica rice is made from indica-type non-glutinous paddy, and the grains are generally long oval or elongated. According to the indica rice harvest season, divided into early indica rice and late indica rice two kinds. Japonica rice is made of non-glutinous japonica type rice, and the grains are generally oval in shape. According to the harvesting season of japonica rice, it is divided into early japonica rice and late japonica rice. Glutinous rice made of glutinous rice, milky white, opaque, but also translucent, sticky, divided into indica glutinous rice and japonica glutinous rice two kinds: indica glutinous rice made of indica-type glutinous rice, grains of rice is generally long oval or elongated; Japonica rice made of Japonica rice, grains of rice is generally oval.

Second, the rice industry policy environment analysis

◆ Agricultural tax exemption, improve the enthusiasm of farmers

In order to further mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers, the central government in 20xx, document No. 1 "Central **** Central State Council on the further strengthening of rural areas to improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity of a number of policies of the opinions" requirements Increase the intensity of agricultural tax relief, the country's provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions have announced all exemptions from agricultural tax, in December 20xx the 10th National People's Congress Standing Committee adopted the decision to repeal the "Chinese People's Republic of China *** and the State Regulations on Agricultural Tax".

◆Canceling grain export tax rebates and controlling grain exports

In order to cope with the pressure on domestic grain supply brought about by a large number of exports, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation (SAT) jointly announced in December 20xx that they would cancel the export tax rebates on raw grains such as wheat, rice, rice, corn, soybeans, and the flour made from these grains from December 20, 20xx onwards***, which involves 84 tariff codes. According to the announcement, the specific implementation time of the export tax rebate, to "export goods declaration" Customs indicated the date of export shall prevail. In the case of the new contract, the tax rebate rate will be adjusted according to the old and new contracts. 20xx June, the Ministry of Finance issued a news release, since July 15, 20xx, including alcohol, corn starch and other commodities, including the abolition of the export tax rebate.

Starting from 20xx, China has fully implemented comprehensive subsidies for grain farmers. Currently, China's agricultural subsidy policy mainly includes direct subsidies for grain farmers, comprehensive agricultural subsidies, seed subsidies, and subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery, referred to as the "Four Subsidies". 20xx, the central government arranged for the direct subsidies for grain farmers to be 19 billion yuan, comprehensive agricultural subsidies to be 75.6 billion yuan, and subsidies for the purchase of good seeds to be 19.85 billion yuan,

In 20xx, the central government continued to implement subsidies for grain farmers, and in principle, the subsidy funds were required to be distributed to farmers engaged in grain production, with specific details to be determined by the provincial people's governments in accordance with the actual situation; and established and perfected a dynamic adjustment system for the comprehensive agricultural subsidies, which was based on changes in the prices of fertilizers, diesel fuel and other agricultural materials, and followed the principle of "price and subsidy co-ordination, dynamic adjustments, and only increasing but not decreasing" to timely arrange the agricultural subsidies.

20xx continue to implement direct subsidies for grain farmers, the central financial **** arrangements for grain subsidies 15.1 billion yuan, comprehensive agricultural subsidies 86 billion yuan, the two subsidies total 101.1 billion yuan.

◆ Minimum purchase price in grain producing areas

In 20xx, the State Council issued the "Opinions on Further Deepening the Reform of the Grain Circulation System" (Guofa [20xx] No. 17), deciding to "fully liberalize the grain purchase market in 20xx, and actively and steadily push forward the reform of the grain circulation system," and making it clear that "transforming the grain price is the most important part of the reform. It is clear that "the price formation mechanism for grain will be transformed. In general, the purchase price of grain by the market supply and demand formation, the state in the full play of the market mechanism on the basis of the implementation of macro-control. To give full play to the role of price guidance, when the supply and demand for food has undergone major changes, in order to ensure market supply, to protect the interests of farmers, if necessary, by the State Council decided to shortages of key food varieties, the implementation of the minimum purchase price of grain in the main producing areas.

On February 31, 20xx, in order to guide the market price of grain to rise steadily, to protect the enthusiasm of farmers to grow grain, and to further promote the development of grain production, the state decided to continue to implement the policy of minimum purchase price in the main producing areas of rice in 20xx, and to appropriately increase the level of minimum purchase price. Reported to the State Council for approval, 20xx production of early indica rice (three, the same below), medium-late indica rice, round-grained rice minimum purchase price were increased to 93 yuan per 50 kilograms, 97 yuan, 105 yuan, respectively, than in 20xx, respectively, increased by 3 yuan, 5 yuan, 10 yuan, the rate of increase of 3.3%, 5.4%, 10.5%, respectively.

In order to further increase support for food production and increase farmers' income from grain cultivation, the state decided to appropriately increase the minimum purchase price level of wheat and rice produced in 20xx in the main producing areas from the listing of new grain. Per 50 kilograms of early indica rice (third class, the same below), medium-late rice, round-grained rice minimum purchase price were raised to 102 yuan, 107 yuan, 128 yuan, 9 yuan, 10 yuan, 23 yuan higher than in 20xx, the price increase rate of 9.7%, 10.3% and 21.9%, respectively. Increasing the minimum purchase price of wheat and rice will help compensate for the increased cost of grain production, promote the steady growth of farmers' income from grain cultivation, and ensure the stable development of grain production.

Third, the rice industry chain analysis

Rice industry downstream consumption is mainly in the rations and industrial food processing and so on. First of all, the average annual consumption of rations exceeds 100 million tons, accounting for about 85% of rice sales. With the development of the economy and the improvement of people's living standards, people's consumption habits and dietary structure continues to adjust, the form of consumption will be increasingly diversified, per capita consumption of rice rations in general is a steady decline pattern. However, due to the northern rice consumer groups have an expanding trend, coupled with rice in the brewing and food and other aspects of the dosage but continue to improve, and feed demand growth is strong, the total demand for rice is still stable and rising.

The upstream industry chain of rice includes the fertilizer industry, agricultural machinery industry and agricultural transport vehicle industry, which have a greater impact on the `development of the rice industry. Many industries in the national economy are related to the rice industry, and the development of all aspects of the national economy will affect the development of the rice industry, so the development of the rice industry depends on the development of the national economy.

Fourth, the rice industry development situation analysis

Comprehensively, due to the significant decline in China's rice planting area, the production of rice has declined, which in turn led to a surge in rice imports. According to China's National Cereals and Oils Information Center preliminary estimates, rice production in 20xx fell by 0.7% to 2. 02.8 billion tons, the year China's rice imports of about 2.24 million tons. The increase in China's rice foreign dependence will have a very negative impact on the industry, the future of the domestic increase in rice supply is an inevitable trend.

Fifth, China's rice industry five forces of competition model analysis

(a) supplier bargaining power analysis

The rice industry's main upstream industries are: fertilizer industry, pesticide industry, agricultural machinery industry, agricultural transport vehicles industry and fuel industry.

At present, the total supply and demand of fertilizers and pesticides in China is basically balanced, but the upward adjustment of natural gas prices as well as the adjustment of coal and electricity prices, and the increase in the prices of various raw materials will push the overall cost of the fertilizer industry and the pesticide industry up. The state through export regulation, reserve regulation, coordination and transportation, market supervision and other means will be to stabilize the market, stabilize prices, to ensure that the total market supply and demand in a basic balance plays an important role. Therefore, in the long run, fertilizer and pesticide prices are inevitable, the rice industry on the fertilizer industry and the bargaining power of pesticides will gradually weaken.

The state encourages and supports the development of agricultural machinery and agricultural transportation vehicle industries, which have developed rapidly in recent years. Due to the low rate of mechanization of China's rice harvesting, and grain transportation capacity is insufficient, so the demand for agricultural machinery and agricultural transport vehicles will be very strong for a long time, the rice industry on the bargaining power of these two industries is weak.

And with the slowdown of the domestic and foreign economies, the global consumption of crude oil in general showed a weak trend, so the fuel price in the short term will not have a big increase; however, in the long term, with the increasingly reduced extraction of crude oil, the global economy is gradually recovering, the gradual enhancement of the demand for crude oil will promote the long-term increase in crude oil prices, so the fuel price in the long term will be showing an upward trend.

(ii) Analysis of the bargaining power of buyers

The downstream demand of the rice industry is mainly in the rations, industrial food, brewing and feed industries.

Although China's per capita consumption of rice has decreased, with the continuous growth of the population, China's total consumption of rice rations as a whole is on the rise. And in recent years, with the sustained and rapid development of China's industrial food, brewing and other industries, the demand for rice continues to increase, so that the rice industry holds more bargaining chips, in the bargaining parties in a favorable position. Therefore, China's rice industry on the downstream bargaining power is stronger.

(C) Analysis of the threat of industry substitutes

Rice is the main ration for most of the Chinese population, and China's ration consumption accounts for about 85% of rice sales. In recent years, with the development of the economy, people's dietary structure has been adjusted, a variety of Western catering methods have also affected China's rice consumption to a certain extent, China's per capita consumption of rice has declined compared to previous years.

Although, the western catering on the consumption of rice constitutes a certain threat, but rice is still the main consumption of Chinese residents rations, rice consumption has a very large rigidity, the threat of substitutes for the rice industry is very small.

(D) analysis of potential entrants in the industry

On the one hand, from the beginning of the last century, China began to import Thai fragrant rice, Thai fragrant rice into the Guangdong market at the earliest time, pulling open the grade of rice products. Due to the quality of Thai fragrant rice is much higher than the domestic ordinary rice, forcing Hunan, Jiangxi and other places of rice basically out of the middle and high grade rice market in Guangdong. In recent years, with the rapid development of Vietnam's rice exports, Vietnamese rice began to seize part of China's high-end rice market. But in the long run, China's total import and export of rice is not more than 1 million tons, while China's rice demand of more than 100 million tons, China's rice is basically self-sufficient type, foreign rice in the short term is difficult to produce a threat to domestic rice.

On the other hand, in recent years, foreign enterprises began to enter the Chinese grain circulation, and gradually control the Chinese edible oil market, and the rice market is likely to be the next foreign-funded enterprises to focus on the development of the market, if the domestic enterprises do not take seriously, will be in the competition to lose.

(E) Competitive analysis of existing enterprises in the industry

In recent years, China's rice industry has grown rapidly, with an annual growth rate of more than 25%, has developed into a competitive industry. Small and medium-sized market share market share from 85% market share in 20xx fell to less than 20%; above-scale rice processing enterprises production from 15 million tons in 20xx to 97.77 million tons in 20xx, an average annual growth rate of 18.6%, especially in the last two years, the above-scale enterprises to maintain an annual growth rate of more than 30%. Above-scale product market value from 20xx 2.6 billion yuan in 20xx to 354.6 billion yuan in 20xx, an increase of more than 135 times, a compound annual growth rate of 26.5%.

Above-scale rice processing industry has become one of the most rapid development of China's agri-food processing industry, especially in the last two years, COFCO, Yihai, CPSC large-scale entry into China's rice processing industry, so that the rice processing industry has become exceptionally fierce competition, bringing the two consecutive years of rice strong rice weak market pattern, a lot of small and medium-sized rice processing enterprises into difficulties.

And the competition between the leading enterprises has become more intense. Since 20xx, whether it is the acquisition of raw grains, industrial layout, or the extension of the industrial chain, brand competition, etc., the domestic rice leading enterprises are increasingly fierce competition, and this pattern is expected to continue, a few years after the rice processing industry will gradually form the Yihai, COFCO, CPSC, NDT, the four-legged situation.