1. Driving skills
The basis of driving safety is technology and experience
1. Look at the car before getting on the bus
Turn around the car before getting on the bus to see if there is any oil leakage under the car, tires and tires. You have to open the lid once a week to check the oil, cooling water and brake oil.
2. Ignition step
Tighten the handbrake (to prevent slipping), step the clutch to the bottom, neutral, and do not step on the accelerator (accelerator pedal). Turn the key to the second gear, stop for 6 seconds, let the automotive electronic system power on for self-inspection, start the lubrication system, and then continue to turn the key to the third gear for ignition. After the ignition is successful, put into first gear, release the brake, slowly lift the clutch, refuel and start.
3. warm up the car before driving
EFI cars hardly need to warm up. Hot car here refers to starting the lubrication system. Stop for more than 3 hours, and after the engine catches fire, idle for more than 11 seconds, and then start when the tachometer drops to about 1111. The cold weather in the north appropriately extends the idle hot car time.
4. Starting in the first gear
The design of car transmission emphasizes speed. If you start with the second gear reluctantly, it will not only increase the load of the engine, but also lead to the early wear of the clutch, so the car should start with the first gear regardless of the displacement.
5. Smooth gear shifting
There are two points in gear shifting: First, the vehicle speed reaches the speed range of the shifted position; Second, when lifting the clutch, lift it to the "linkage point" and pause (not slow, but stop! ), at the same time a little refueling, feel the car has the power to move forward, and then gently lift the clutch. This operation is stable, smooth and not jitter.
6. Step on the foot brake correctly
In order to ensure stepping on the foot brake correctly in an emergency, the position of the right heel must be fixed. With the heel as the center, step on the foot brake forward and step on the accelerator to the right. Usually, as long as there is a slight situation on the road surface, put the right palm on the pedal of the foot brake immediately and enter the preparation state to ensure foolproof!
7. Brake with gear
When refueling, the engine generates traction, and when braking with gear, the engine generates braking force, and the two driving wheels can be controlled to synchronize to prevent deviation during braking. It is particularly important that the auxiliary force of the brake booster will be greatly reduced in neutral. Therefore, in any case, you should step on the brake with a gear. When the car is about to stop, step on the clutch again and retreat to the neutral position to prevent the fire from being extinguished.
8. Look at the rearview mirror before braking
Before braking, look at the distance between the rear car and the front car. If you are too close, and you still have a certain distance from the front car, just loosen the brakes a little to avoid the rear car from catching up.
9. Always know the condition of the foot brake
Tap the foot brake before speeding up on the road, tap the foot brake after driving for a long time, tap the foot brake before going downhill, and tap the foot brake before approaching the intersection and crossing. Keep abreast of the situation of the foot brake. Once any abnormality is found, immediately use the downshift and handbrake to slow down and stop.
11, the bus station is in danger
After the bus pulls into the station, there are often passengers who get off and rush across the road. When individual buses leave the station, they don't hit the turn signal and suddenly hit the road.
11. It is dangerous for the preceding vehicle to suddenly give way.
During normal driving, the preceding vehicle suddenly gives way. Never overtake. There may be an emergency ahead.
12. Don't go near the parked car
The car parked on the side of the road may open the door at any time, and keep a safe distance from any car on the side of the road when driving. If you can't avoid it, honk the horn and slow down.
13, lean toward the middle of the road
When driving in a two-way mixed lane, try to stay away from bicycles and pedestrians on the side of the road and lean toward the middle of the road, because the opposite cars can see each other, and pedestrians and bicycles on the side of the road are facing away from you, so be sure to keep a safe distance!
14. Overtaking, downshifting and speeding up
When overtaking while driving, you should make a decisive decision and don't hesitate to delay. Look at the empty seats and quickly increase the speed to overtake. If the load of the car is heavy, it is necessary to reduce one gear and then refuel to increase the traction of the engine and achieve overtaking. Overtaking will definitely cost fuel and cars, which will only increase the danger. It is best not to overtake.
15. Five places where overtaking is not allowed
When driving on non-expressway:
① overtaking is not allowed in curves,
② overtaking is not allowed on slopes,
③ overtaking is not allowed when crossing bridges,
④ overtaking is not allowed when there are intersections and crossings ahead, and
⑤ overtaking is not allowed when coming within 211 meters from the opposite side.
16. Don't follow the car in four places
① Don't follow a foreign car and suddenly stop to ask for directions;
② Don't follow a long bus and suddenly stop to pick up people;
③ Don't follow a taxi and suddenly wave for an emergency stop;
④ Don't follow a big truck. Suddenly the police stopped.
17. Be sure to slow down when crossing the intersection.
Slow down in advance when crossing all intersections, even when the light is green! Watch out for cars coming from the horizontal road to cross the intersection at a red light. If you are walking to the center of the intersection, how to avoid it? Everyone has seen the traffic surveillance video broadcast by CCTV, right? The more dangerous it is at night!
18, turn left around the big bend at the intersection
When the car turns left at the intersection, many drivers have the habit of taking a shortcut, so they drive the car directly and occupy the left lane
. If there is a car rushing in the left lane,
there is danger!
19. Rules for cornering
Slow down before entering the corner, and then accelerate after the corner is halfway, which is fast and steady. If you enter the corner too fast and then step on the brakes, it is easy to flick your tail or roll over.
21. Honk carefully
Sudden honking may make passers-by panic and run around. Especially when there are children crossing the street. You should slow down or stop and wait.
21. whistle if you can't see it
as long as you can't see the road ahead when you are driving, for example, there are tall buildings and high walls at the corner of the road, or there are building fences to block it, or you must slow down and whistle at the sharp corner of the mountain road. If necessary, you should also hit the high beam to remind the other party to avoid. Be on guard against people or cars suddenly running out there!
22, high-speed emergency, just step on the brakes
When driving at high speed, the steering is extremely sensitive, and a little movement will produce a big steering. If there is an emergency, it is quite dangerous to hit the steering wheel with customary methods! Therefore, in the event of an emergency during high-speed driving, you would rather just step on the foot brake to slow down, and don't hit the steering wheel to increase the danger.
23. Water accumulation in expressway
After heavy rain, there is often water accumulation in expressway. If you can't hide it, hold the steering wheel tightly when passing and keep driving in a straight line at a constant speed. Never turn and brake!
24. Downhill with gear
When going down Daling or down a big slope, you can't use the foot brake to slow down for a long time, because the brake pads will heat up, damage and fail. You should select the third or second gear of the low gear in advance to limit the speed downhill.
25. Delayed flameout
The engine is in a high temperature state when the car is driving at a high speed for a long time. At this time, it will be harmful to the engine to stop the engine immediately. The correct method of flameout is to let the engine run at idle speed for about two minutes before flameout.
26. The steering wheel is locked
The phenomenon of "steering wheel locking" is a protective function. Turn the steering wheel after stopping the engine and pulling out the key, and the steering wheel will be locked, which has a simple anti-theft function. The way to release it is to insert the ignition key, twist the key to ignite and turn the steering wheel at the same time, then it will be unlocked naturally.
27. The high-speed
engine is designed according to a high speed. If it works at a low speed for a long time, it will cause insufficient combustion, accelerate carbon deposition and further cause insufficient combustion. When driving, you may wish to pull the highway frequently to let the high temperature burn off the carbon deposits.
second, parking skills
parking has both technology and art.
28, the basic principles of parking
parking should consider the convenience of their own access, but also consider the convenience of others, but also consider possible accidents.
29. Stop at the signal
Stop at the signal for more than one minute, and turn off the engine, which is in line with fuel saving and environmental protection. Wait for the signal to stop within one minute, you can stop without turning off the engine, neutral or pulling the hand brake, but you must never take the gear.
31. Turn on the turn signal when stopping at the roadside
When stopping at the roadside temporarily, be sure to turn on the turn signal in advance, and observe the rearview mirror to make sure that there are no cars or pedestrians before stopping. Parking places must be allowed to park, without affecting the passage of other vehicles and pedestrians.
31. Turn on the turn signal when you start by the roadside
When you want to drive again after stopping by the roadside, you should fully observe the road conditions. Not only look in the rearview mirror, but also turn your head. When everything is all right, turn on the turn signal, whistle and hit the road.
32. Don't be too close to the car in front on the road.
When you are stuck in a traffic jam or stop at a signal light, you should at least leave a distance that you can break out, in case the car in front breaks down and you can't get out.
33. The front of the car faces outward
No matter where you park, try to park the front of the car outward. First, it is convenient to walk, and second, it has anti-theft function. If a car thief has only one chance to steal a car, he steals the car with his head inward.
34. Park in a bright place
Visit relatives and friends and park temporarily at night. Park in a bright, spacious, barrier-free place with a long sight distance, and never hide in a dark corner. Stop for a long time or all night and be sure to enter the parking lot.
35. It's not safe under the windows of tall buildings.
Some people dump garbage and drop bottles from upstairs. When it is windy, flowerpots and advertising racks will fall off upstairs. When parking, you should leave these dangerous areas, such as parking under the gable of a building without windows.
36. Don't put anything in the car
Keep the things in the car well, and there can't be anything that others are interested in that can be seen from outside the car. Put an empty leather bag, which may break the windshield!
37. Roadside parking skills in the forward direction
When there is only one parking space on the roadside in the forward direction, you can only choose to reverse into position.
Left in the picture above: Drive forward and align your rear with the front rear. The distance between the two cars is 1 meters, stop. Push the steering wheel to the right in the same place and slowly retreat at an angle of 45.
right in the above picture: when the front of your car is in line with the rear of the front car, quickly push the steering wheel in the opposite direction and slowly back, and the car can basically stop.
38. Roadside lateral parking skills
Above, left: Xiangqian Che drives to the rear of his car and is in line with the right side of the right car head, and the distance between the two cars is 1.5 meters. Push the steering wheel to the right in the same place and slow down.
right in the above picture: when the rear of the car enters the stall, quickly straighten the steering wheel, and quickly observe the left and right rearview mirrors to adjust the left and right distance of the car. Take the car on both sides or the ground as a reference, straighten the direction and retreat to the parking space.
("hit the direction" means the maximum amount. The time for hydraulic power to hit the bottom should not exceed 1.5 seconds. Usually it doesn't take so long. If it takes a long time to hit the bottom, you can bring a little back, then call again and repeat the operation. )
39. Parking in the parking lot
In the parking lot, the car is often backed into position with the front of the car facing outwards.
Parking in expressway
If parking is necessary under special circumstances, you should park in the rightmost emergency lane and turn on double flashing lights. Put the triangle behind the car at a distance of 151 to 211 meters. Don't be lazy. If it is less than 51 meters, it means no parking.
if there is a situation ahead and you need to queue up for parking, all personnel should leave the vehicle temporarily and retreat outside the guardrail to prevent rear-end collision.
41, uphill roadside parking
If there is a curb on the roadside, drive the car close to the curb, make the front wheel at a certain angle to the left, stop, turn off the engine, put the zero gear on, and tighten the handbrake. Let the rear of the right front wheel approach or abut against the curb to prevent the car from sliding backwards along the slope.
if there is no curb on the roadside, turn the front wheel at a relatively large angle to the right to prevent the car from sliding backwards along the slope and driving into the middle of the road. If there are usable masonry on the roadside, check it and plug it. Don't forget to send it back when you leave.
42, downhill roadside parking
If there is a curb on the roadside, drive the car close to the curb, and angle the front wheel to the right, so that the front of the right front wheel is close to or close to the curb to prevent the car from sliding along the slope. Then stop, turn off the engine, put in reverse gear and tighten the handbrake.
if there is no curb on the roadside, turn the front wheel at a relatively large angle to the right to prevent the car from driving into the middle of the road after sliding along the slope. If there are usable masonry on the roadside, check it and plug it. Don't forget to send it back when you leave.
Third, go out to prevent skills
Driving far away has traffic safety problems and social security problems.
43, backup and loss prevention
The spare key is tied to the body and never leaves the body; All relevant documents are photocopied and open separately.
44. refuel carefully
only refuel at the gas stations of Sinopec and PetroChina.
45. Eat and live carefully
Refuse any stranger's food and drink, and don't touch any stranger's articles and cigarettes. Do not eat or stay in roadside shops.
46, driving to prevent robbery
If you encounter an intentional collision during normal driving, don't get off, lock the door, call the police with your mobile phone, and wait for the police. If the other party takes excessive actions, he should drive away from the scene quickly and continue to call the police.
when you stop or drive slowly, lock the door and raise the window glass to prevent theft. Often criminals take the opportunity to signal to the car or knock on the window. When the driver thinks that there is something wrong with the car, the criminals take the opportunity to steal the property in the car. The criminals may grab it from the window where the glass is lowered, or directly pull open the door to grab it.
47. Parking against robbery
Before parking near remote scenic spots or temporarily shopping, observe the surrounding conditions. If there are signs of idle people and bad people, don't put out the fire and stop, let alone get off the bus, and drive away quickly if necessary.
park your car in the parking lot where there is a parking lot. If you need to park temporarily and there is no parking lot, leave someone on the bus and lock the door.
48. Parking theft prevention
When parking in the parking lot of your accommodation at night, take out all the articles in the car, including those in the trunk, in front of the guards. Many hotel guards, security guards, inside job theft. Someone stopped at a big hotel in Beijing and came back from shopping to tidy up the trunk. The guards saw the interesting items in the car, and the door was pried open at night, and all the items were lost.
49. Start to prevent robbery
Before getting on the bus, observe from a distance to see if there are any bad people around the vehicle, but if there are suspicious things, don't go near the vehicle for the time being.
before getting out of the car, walk around the car for a week, and check the appearance of the car, tires, and whether there is oil leakage or water leakage under the car. Pay special attention to the possibility of sharp foreign objects such as nails and glass on the road surface that will pass by.
after getting on the bus, lock the door immediately and leave as soon as possible.
iv. Driving skills in rainy days
There are three main dangers of driving in rainy days. First, rain and mud make the wheels slip; second, the exhaust pipe turns off when water enters; third, the rain makes the braking system fail.
51. Braking in rain should be advanced
The maximum braking distance of muddy pavement can reach 3 times of that of normal pavement! The brakes don't work in rainy days. Slow down and brake early.
51. Don't lower the tire pressure
Some people lower the tire pressure every rainy season, hoping to increase the contact area between the tire and the ground to prevent slipping. Doing so is just the opposite! Increasing the contact area will reduce the pressure on the ground per unit area of the tire, weaken the force to remove the water film between the tire and the ground, and make the tire more prone to skid. Therefore, reducing tire pressure can't prevent skid, but increasing tire pressure can prevent skid.
52. It is easier to slip when the ground is not wet.
Tire tread can effectively drain the water film, but it cannot effectively drain the mud film. When it just rains, the dust on the road surface has not been washed away by the rain. After absorbing the rain, the dust becomes a colloidal mud film, which makes the tires more likely to slip. So be careful when it just rains and the road is not wet.
53. Stop if your vision is not clear
Driving in heavy rain is the biggest hidden danger! Even if the wiper swings at a high speed in the rainstorm, it can't pull the rain off the glass, so that you can't see the front clearly. this