Due to the variety of styles and films, there are feature films that focus on the complete story and depict the characters, documentary films that report a political, economic, cultural and educational, military or historical event, art films made by various art means and materials, and opera film who records the stage art performances. There are several species in these species. For example, there are comedies, westerns, romances, science fiction films, etc. There are cartoons, puppet film and paper clippings in the art film; Documentaries include biographical documentaries, documentary documentaries and news documentaries. It includes literature, drama, painting, architecture, music, dance and other artistic elements, so it is called comprehensive art.
The so-called comprehensive art refers to an artistic style composed of several artistic elements. It is characterized by:
collective creation. Including the organic cooperation of artistic creation of screenwriter, director, actor, art, photography and recording;
Make use of all existing artistic expressions. Movies have descriptions and structures with literary elements, dialogues with dramatic elements, inner monologues, body movements and facial expressions, songs with musical elements and visual images integrated with pictures;
extensive mass culture. The composition of the film is to express and show the relationship between people and the environment in all countries of the world, as well as the customs, lifestyles and cultural levels formed by it, and it is easy to understand and understand.
However, the comprehensiveness of movies does not mean the simple addition of various artistic elements, but the integration of artistic elements contained in various artistic forms into something new to express. It not only has the characteristics of general literature and art, but also has its own personality characteristics. This is because the performance tools of film art are different from other artistic performance tools. Movies are reflected by cameras. The camera has the characteristic of truly recording the time-space transformation of the object and its movement, thus forming a special film expression technique and film narrative language, and organically combining various artistic elements into a new artistic expression image.
Because of this, as an art, although it is the latest and youngest art born after many ancient traditional arts such as literature, drama, music, dance, painting, sculpture and photography, it is also the only art that can let us know its birth date so far. It is only a hundred years since Lumiere officially released the world's earliest film made by himself on February 28th, 1895. The ancient and traditional arts, some of which have experienced thousands or thousands of years of vicissitudes, even experts and scholars who specialize in art history have no way to test their appearance. Compared with the ancient and traditional art, the film can only be regarded as a little brother. However, it came from behind, and the youngest art-film, with its unparalleled artistic power, broke into the world art forest and became the most popular and influential art giant of the same age as the century. It can be so because it is young and has its own advantages. Because the film is not only born after the ancient traditional art, but also a new and unique art form formed by absorbing and digesting the strengths of these arts and sublating their weaknesses, and organically integrating various artistic factors. Therefore, the organic synthesis of various art categories is the most prominent aesthetic feature of film art, and comprehensiveness is the essence of film beauty.
Early film researchers discussed the basic persistence of film art and the mystery of film beauty from the proposition of who the film looks like. Their views and conclusions are quite different. Some people think that movies are like literature, some think that movies are like drama, some think that movies are like painting, and some say that they are like music and so on. To name a few. So there are such sayings as "visible literature", "movie poetry", "visual symphony" and "silent melody", trying to define the essence of film beauty from the level of film aesthetics. Although these opinions are known for their relative rationality, it is obvious that they are one-sided today. Movies are like no one else, and movies are movies, because movies are comprehensive arts that absorb and contain many artistic factors such as literature, drama, music, dance, painting, sculpture and photography.
The film contains literary factors, because it absorbs a set of methods to reflect the relationship between the objective world and reality from literature, and absorbs nutrients from various literary genres, such as lyricism from poetry, documentary from prose and narrative from novels. In the narrative technique, it also draws lessons from the subjective narrative and objective narrative in literature, external description and internal analysis, as well as various forms of structural principles. In a word, no matter from the characterization, the arrangement of plot structure, the description of details and the way of narration, the film draws on the experience of literature and has literary factors. There are dramatic factors in movies, which are manifested in the use of a series of artistic methods and means such as actor performance, scene scheduling, conflicts and suspense. The musical factors in movies are manifested in the combination of melody and pictures to create an environmental atmosphere, render emotions and rhythm changes. As for the painting, sculpture, photography and other factors in the film, not only in the modeling and visual reproducibility, but also in the treatment of composition, color and light and shadow, we draw on the experience of these arts, and many special terms in the film, such as picture, tone, tone, lens and focal length, are also borrowed from these arts.
The film absorbs a set of methods to reflect the relationship between the objective world and reality from literature, and draws lessons from literary experience, methods and skills from characterization, plot structure arrangement, detail description and narrative form, so it has literary factors. However, literature has entered the film', because of the restriction of the film, it has undergone a qualitative change after digestion and integration, rather than film plus literature. There is a qualitative difference between literary factors in movies and literature as an art of language. Because although movies widely draw lessons from the experience, methods and skills of literature in shaping artistic images, literature shapes literary images through the only medium of language and literature, while movies shape screen images through pictures, sound and montage, a unique and special expression means of movies. Writers use language to write stories, people and people's souls. Literary images are associated with readers through abstract language symbols, while screen images directly appeal to the audience's audio-visual senses through visible pictures and audible sounds. It can be seen that the literary factor in the film is by no means film plus literature.
The film absorbs nutrition from painting, including composition, light and shadow, the use and treatment of colors and lines, and has painting factors. However, painting in the film is not film plus painting, and the painting factors in the film are restricted by the film, which is qualitatively different from painting art.. The means of painting to reproduce life are lines and colors, and the means of film is pictures, and there are sounds to match them. The plastic image in painting can only be changed into static, and it can't show the continuous movement of the object, while the plastic image in the screen is always a constantly changing plastic image of continuous movement.
The film absorbs nutrition from drama and contains the factors of drama art. However, when the drama enters the film, it is digested and merged by the film, which also produces a qualitative change, instead of film plus drama. The concept and treatment of time and space in movies are qualitatively different from those in drama. The stage space is fixed and the screen space is constantly changing. Stage time is real physical time, while screen time is non-physical time that can be freely extended, compressed and stagnated. Therefore, the space-time expression of drama is limited, while the space-time expression of screen has great freedom. Moreover, there are qualitative differences between drama performance and film performance. The performance of the performer and the appreciation of the appreciator are completed at the same time, which is the characteristic of drama performance; The film performance is another situation: the performer performs on the spot and the appreciator is absent; Appreciator is present to appreciate, performer is absent, performer's performance and appreciator's appreciation can't be completed at the same time. Therefore, this determines that drama performance and film performance have their own special laws rather than consistency.
when other arts enter the film, they will also undergo qualitative changes. All these show that the film has absorbed many kinds of arts, not simply adding up and piecing them together, but an organic integrated whole. The film absorbs many kinds of art categories and forms comprehensive aesthetic characteristics. In essence, it is an organic synthesis of time art and space art.. Because of this, as a new art combining time art and space art, film overcomes the limitations and shortcomings of traditional pure time art and traditional pure space art, and can fully express both time and space, so it has great performance potential and artistic possibility. From this, it is not difficult to see that the comprehensive essence of a film that includes a variety of art categories lies in its integration of visual art and auditory art, which overcomes the limitations that pure visual art can not meet people's aesthetic needs for visual images and pure auditory art can not meet people's aesthetic needs for visual images, and has the advantage of integrating the advantages of both audio and video, making it the most popular art form.