the features of Huizhou architecture
The features of Huizhou architecture are mainly reflected in village houses, ancestral temples, archways and gardens. Its distinctive style is a large number of traditional residential villages. The site selection, design, modeling, structure, layout and decoration and beautification all reflect Huizhou's mountain characteristics, Feng Shui will and regional beauty tendency.
1. Horsehead wall
Horsehead wall is an important feature of Huizhou architecture. The high horse head wall can cut off the fire source in the case of fire in adjacent houses, so the horse head wall is also called bank up wall.
Horse is a kind of mascot among many animals. In ancient China, idioms such as "Take the lead, succeed at a horse, and make great contributions" show people's worship and love for horses. This may be the motive why ancient Huizhou architects called this bank up wall "Horsehead Wall".
The Horsehead Wall will show a dynamic aesthetic feeling. Looking up from a height, the undulating Horsehead Wall in a village where people live together gives people a sense of "Ma Benteng", which also symbolizes the vitality and prosperity of the whole clan.
2. scarlet doors and hollowed-out flower windows
scarlet is one of the red colors, which is made of opaque cinnabar. Because the main colors of palace decoration are gold and scarlet, scarlet represents nobility and authority, and scarlet doors symbolize solemnity.
Carved flower windows with hollowed-out patterns are often the good news that magpies are climbing plums, indicating that cold is coming in spring, which is not only the yearning for his wife and children at home, but also a blessing to his family outside. Window carving patterns mostly use homophones and metaphors.
3. Stone carving, wood carving and brick carving (Huizhou Three Tunes)
Stone carving, brick carving and wood carving are the "three sculptures" of ancient Huizhou architecture, which is also one of the characteristics of Huizhou architecture. Huizhou woodcarving, stone carving and brick carving are good at dealing with the true colors of raw materials, which can not only be dissolved in the whole building, but also be as fresh and elegant as ink painting, especially woodcarving, which adds icing on the cake to antique buildings. Carving figures, landscapes, flowers and other patterns on blue bricks is an important art form in ancient architecture carving, which is mainly used to decorate the components and walls of temples, tombs, houses and other buildings.
4. Enclosed courtyards, courtyards
Enclosed courtyards and courtyards are also one of the characteristics of Huizhou architecture, which not only refers to physical protection, but also something that establishes the relationship between people, forming an independent and complete local space and feeling a sense of security and belonging. Enclosure will inevitably form a large distance, which not only ensures the distance of residents' private space, but also sweeps away the closed feeling attached to safety, promotes air circulation and creates good local climate conditions. In a space with weak cohesion, people are in such an environment that they can hardly feel cohesion and existence.
5. sloping roof
sloping roof plays an important role in traditional architecture, and it is almost synonymous with traditional architecture. Traditional sloping roof modeling design will make palaces, temples and other palace buildings have a unique rhythm of vigorous, upright, lofty, flying and elegant, and will also make residential buildings feel cordial, natural and warm.
The sloping roof has many advantages, such as energy saving, gathering heat at the top in summer and not feeling cold indoors in winter. Because the hot air runs upward, it can gather hot air at the intersection of two slopes at the top of the slope; The wind also runs upward, because the wind will aggregate through the lower window to the upper window (in fact, it will aggregate with the outdoor airflow), so that indoor ventilation will be better; No water accumulation, good waterproof performance.
6. Blue bricks, tiles or whitewashed walls
Blue bricks, tiles or whitewashed walls are the characteristics of Huizhou architecture, and "whitewashed tiles" are white walls and black tiles used to describe houses. In terms of architectural color, the blue bricks, whitewashed walls and tiles of the houses in the south of the Yangtze River form a simple and elegant style. The roof is made of blue tiles, the outer wall is made of bricks, and the roof, eaves, bucket wall, Guanyin Dou ridge or horsehead wall form a staggered body rhythm and a profound architectural group style with whitewashed tiles and courtyards.
7. Quadrangles
The planning and layout of quadrangles are characterized by the symmetrical arrangement of north and south longitudinal axes and the closed and independent courtyards, thus forming a social network system with family courtyards as the center, neighborhoods as the trunk line and community areas as the plane, and at the same time forming a living environment that conforms to people's psychology and maintains the harmonious relationship between traditional culture and neighborhoods.
8. cornices
cornices are a special treatment and creation of eaves in ancient China, which are often used at the corners of roofs of pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions, palaces and temples. The cornice is an upturned eaves, shaped like a bird spreading its wings, light and lively, which is one of the important manifestations of China's architectural national style. In traditional Chinese architecture, the eaves, especially the eaves of the corners, are upturned.