From the perspective of sales, in 2112, fine chemical products accounted for more than 71% of the total sales of the industry, while energy products accounted for less than 31%. The main reason for the disparity between the two products was the high price of biodiesel raw materials and poor sales channels, which made it difficult for manufacturers to make profits from energy products. However, fine chemical products were favored by manufacturers and markets because of their high added value, obvious environmental protection and mature sales channels.
compared with the biofuel ethanol, which is also an alternative fuel for clean vehicles, the development of biodiesel production in China is relatively slow. From the demand of refined oil in China, diesel oil is more scarce than gasoline. Developing biodiesel in China is not only helpful to reduce the emission of vehicle exhaust pollutants, but also has practical significance to alleviate the shortage of diesel resources. Considering that waste oil is one of the main raw materials of biodiesel, its industrialization development can also solve the problem that waste oil enters the food field again, thus endangering public health. However, at present, the industrialization of biodiesel in China is restricted by factors such as high production cost, insufficient policy support and irregular management. The analysis and discussion on these problems will help to clarify the industrial orientation and clear up the development ideas, thus providing reference for decision makers.
production and demonstration of biodiesel in China in 2111, the production capacity of biodiesel in China was about 3 million t/a, and the output was about 211,111 t. The main raw materials were waste cooking oil, waste residue from oil extraction, etc. The products were mainly used in agricultural power machinery and road, waterway and railway transportation power machinery. Compared with developed countries, China's biodiesel industry started late and its development process was relatively slow. Since the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the government has increased its investment in biodiesel research and development. However, due to the weak support of relevant industrial policies in the later period, although the capacity under construction and planning has reached a certain scale, the capacity utilization rate is not high. At present, the main body of biodiesel production in China is private enterprises, and state-owned enterprises and foreign companies are also involved. In July, 2118, the National Development and Reform Commission officially approved the construction of demonstration devices using Jatropha curcas as raw materials by China Petroleum, China Petrochemical and China CNOOC. Among them, China CNOOC's 61,111 t/a plant in Hainan was completed and put into operation at the end of 2111, which is the largest biodiesel demonstration project in China.
During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period of relevant domestic policies, research topics related to biodiesel entered the national key scientific and technological plan. The entry into force of the Renewable Energy Law in 2116 promoted the development of biodiesel to some extent. In September 2117, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Medium-and Long-term Development Plan for Renewable Energy, which proposed to "focus on the development of biodiesel production technology with Jatropha curcas, Pistacia chinensis, Tung oil, cottonseed and other oil crops as raw materials, and gradually establish a waste oil recovery system in catering and other industries", and put forward the development goal of biodiesel: the annual profit consumption of biodiesel will reach 211,111 t in 2111 and 2 million t in 2121.
the national development and reform commission and the Ministry of finance and other departments have formulated a series of policies for industrial demonstration devices approved by the state, including loans for industrial device construction, reduction and exemption of value-added tax and income tax, and rewards for reaching contract targets after completion and operation. However, on the whole, the promotion of relevant policies to industrialization development is not significant, the continuity of policies is not strong, and even repeated. For example, in 2116, State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China issued a document stipulating that "biodiesel produced from animal and vegetable oils through purification, refining, synthesis and other processes does not belong to the scope of consumption tax", but in 2118, "Notice of the State Council on Implementing the Reform of Refined Oil Prices and Taxes" included biodiesel in the scope of consumption tax. Until June 2111, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation issued a notice again to exempt the consumption tax from producing pure biodiesel from waste animal and vegetable oils.
The latest report published by Oil World, an industry journal headquartered in Hamburg, Germany, shows that the global biodiesel production has started to decline after several years of continuous increase.
China government has formulated some policies and measures to solve the problems of energy conservation, substitution and environmental protection, and some scholars and experts have devoted themselves to the research and advocacy of biodiesel for a long time. Although the research and development of biodiesel in China started late, it developed rapidly, and some scientific research achievements have reached the international advanced level. The research content involves the distribution, selection, cultivation, genetic improvement, processing technology and equipment of oil plants. At present, all aspects of research have achieved phased results, which will undoubtedly contribute to the further research and development of biodiesel in China. It can be predicted that in 2-3 years, the research in this field in China will make a breakthrough and reach the practical level.
Academician Min Enze, a famous scholar, first clearly put forward the topic of developing clean fuel biodiesel in his book Green Chemistry and Chemical Industry: the former Ministry of Machinery Industry and the former China Petrochemical Corporation set aside special funds for the project in the 1981s, and the project was undertaken by Shanghai Internal Combustion Engine Research Institute and Guiwai I Mountain Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. for 11 years, and invited Zhan Yonghou, an expert from China Petrochemical Academy, to do a lot of basic experiments and explorations; Mr. Shi Delu of China Agricultural Engineering Research and Design Institute also carried out the experiment of biodiesel in 1985. China-Europe cooperative research project undertaken by Liaoning Energy Research Institute also involves biodiesel; The University of Science and Technology of China, Henan Institute of Science and Army Chemistry and other units have also made different degrees of research on biodiesel.
The systematic research began with the key scientific research project of the Eighth Five-Year Plan of China Academy of Sciences: "Research and Application Technology of Fuel Oil Plants", and completed the investigation of fuel oil plant resources and the research of cultivation techniques in Jinsha River basin, and established a 31-hectare Jatropha curcas cultivation demonstration film. Since the early 1991s, Changsha Institute of New Technology and Hunan Academy of Forestry have conducted cooperative research on energy plants and biodiesel for as long as 11 years. During the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, the process of preparing methyl ester fuel oil from bare bark tree oil and its combustion characteristics were completed. During the ninth five-year plan period, the national key scientific research project "vegetable oil energy utilization technology" was completed.
From 1999 to 2112, Hunan Academy of Forestry undertook and presided over the introduction of foreign advanced forestry technology (948 Project) by the State Forestry Administration-Introduction of Energy Tree Species Green King Tree and Its Utilization Technology, and introduced excellent clones of energy tree species Eucalyptus-Calli from South Africa, the United States and Brazil. Developed and completed the milk extraction equipment of green Yushu; The composition and fuel characteristics of Ulmus pumila latex were studied: the catalytic cracking of Ulmus pumila latex has achieved phased results.
However, compared with foreign countries, there is still a considerable gap in the development of biodiesel in China, which has been in the primary research stage for a long time and failed to form the industrialization of biodiesel: the government has not yet put forward a set of policies and measures to support, preferential and encourage biodiesel, let alone formulate unified standards for biodiesel and implement industrialization development strategies. Therefore, after China's entry into WTO, it is more urgent to speed up the industrialization of biodiesel with high efficiency and cleanliness under the background of how to face the dual pressures of rapid economic development and environmental protection. China is rich in raw material resources for the development of biodiesel. China has a vast territory, a large geographical span, different distribution of water and heat resources, and rich and diverse energy plant resources. The main families are Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Apocynaceae, Compositae, Leguminosae, Cornaceae, Hyacinthaceae and Ramaceae. At present, the development and utilization of biodiesel in China is still in the initial stage of development. In order to reduce the cost of biodiesel as a whole and make it play a greater role in the transformation of energy structure in China, only by developing in the direction of base and scale, implementing intensive management and forming industrialization can we take the road of biodiesel development in line with China's national conditions. With the deepening of reform and opening-up, in the process of global economic integration, under the favorable situation of China's entry into WTO, China's economic level will be further improved, and its demand for energy will increase. As long as the research results on biodiesel are transformed into productivity and industrialized, its application in diesel engines, diesel power plants, air-conditioning equipment and rural fuels will be very broad.
China is a net importer of oil, and its oil reserves are very limited. A large amount of imported oil poses a threat to China's energy security. Therefore, it is more practical for China to improve the quality of oil products. Biodiesel has three advantages: renewable, clean and safe. Experts believe that biodiesel is of great strategic significance to the adjustment of agricultural structure, energy security and comprehensive management of ecological environment in China. At present, automobile diesel has become a development direction of automobile industry. According to experts' prediction, by the year 211 1, the world demand for diesel will increase from 38% to 45%, and the supply of diesel is seriously insufficient, which provides a broad development space for rapeseed to make biodiesel. Developing biodiesel industry can also promote rural and economic and social development in China. If we develop oil plants to produce biodiesel, we can find a way to transform agricultural and forestry products into industrial products, which will help to adjust the agricultural structure and increase farmers' income.
The balance between supply and demand of diesel oil will also be the focus of China's oil market development for a long time to come. Insiders pointed out that by 2115, with the increase of China's primary processing capacity, there will be a certain amount of export room for gasoline and kerosene, while the supply gap for diesel is still relatively large. It is predicted that the demand for diesel oil will exceed 111 million tons by 2111, which will increase by 24% compared with 2115. By 2115, the market demand will reach about 311 million tons. In recent years, although refining and chemical enterprises have continuously improved the ratio of diesel to steam through continuous technological transformation, they still cannot meet the requirements of diesel to steam consumption. At present, the ratio of production of firewood and steam is about 1.8, while the ratio of consumption of firewood and steam in the market is above 2.1, and the ratio of consumption of firewood and steam in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou and other provinces is even above 2.5. With the acceleration of the western development process and the start of major basic projects of the national economy, the contradiction between diesel and gasoline ratio is more prominent than before. Therefore, the development of biodiesel is not only in line with the direction of adjusting oil product structure and improving the ratio of diesel to gasoline in petrochemical industry at present, but also has far-reaching significance.
At present, China biodiesel technology has made great achievements: Hainan Zhenghe Bioenergy Company, Sichuan Gushan Oil Chemical Company and Fujian Zhuoyue New Energy Development Company have all developed technologies with independent intellectual property rights, and successively built production plants with a scale of over 11,111 tons, which indicates that biodiesel, a high-tech industry, has been born in China.
According to the person in charge of China Academy of Engineering, the development outline of China's Tenth Five-Year Plan puts forward the development of various petroleum substitutes, and determines the development of bio-liquid fuel as the national industrial development direction. Biodiesel industry has been supported by the leaders of the State Council, the State Planning Commission, the State Economic and Trade Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology and other government departments, and has been included in the relevant national plans.
▲ "Caishui [2111] No.118" was approved by the State Council, and pure biodiesel produced from waste animal oil and vegetable oil was exempted from consumption tax. The relevant policies are hereby notified as follows: From October 1, 2119, pure biodiesel that meets the following conditions will be exempted from consumption tax: (1) The proportion of waste animal oil and vegetable oil in production raw materials is not less than 71%. (2) The pure biodiesel produced conforms to the national standard of Blending Biodiesel with Diesel Fuel (BD111). From October 1, 2119 to before the issuance of this notice, the consumption tax paid by biodiesel production enterprises shall be refunded if it meets the tax exemption provisions in Article 1 of this notice. China has made some progress in the formulation of biodiesel standards. In 2117, the first national standard B111 for biodiesel blended with diesel fuel was officially implemented. In 2111, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and National Standards Committee published the standard of Biodiesel Blended Fuel (B5). The standard was implemented on February 1, 2111.
it can be seen from the above development trend that the government is paying more and more attention to the field of biodiesel due to the diversification of refined oil sources and the prevention of "gutter oil" from entering the catering industry.
Evaluation of technical route of biodiesel in China The raw materials of biodiesel are very extensive, including rapeseed, soybean, industrial and catering waste oil, and some woody oil crops such as Jatropha curcas, Pistacia chinensis, Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge, etc. also show great application and development potential. These technical routes have different performances in economy, environment and energy efficiency, so how to develop appropriate technologies according to regional characteristics has become a hot spot in biodiesel related research. Economic evaluation The high production cost is the biggest obstacle to the industrialization of biodiesel in China.
According to Oil World, the output of biodiesel in the European Union is expected to drop from 9.13 million tons in the previous year to 9 million tons, thus ending the long-term growth trend.
The report also said that the output of biodiesel in the United States this year is expected to increase from 3.29 million tons in the previous year to 3.48 million tons, but the output of biodiesel from July to February this year is expected to decrease by 361,111 tons, but the prospect of biofuel output in the United States next year is still bright.
"In view of the tight supply of soybean oil in the United States in 2112/13, it is still difficult to make the country's biodiesel output reach the required level."
According to the report, Argentina's biodiesel output is expected to increase slightly from 2.43 million tons in the previous year to 2.45 million tons, while in 2111, the country's biodiesel output increased by 611,111 tons.
According to the report, "Argentina's biodiesel producers are currently facing a sharp decline in export sales and a sharp decline in domestic consumption."
The sluggish soybean output has led to higher soybean oil prices, which has also reduced Brazil's biodiesel production this year from 2.35 million tons in the previous year to 2.29 million tons.
however, Brazil has raised the requirements for biodiesel blending ratio next year, which will make the country's biodiesel output prospects bright next year.