accounting graduation thesis model essay accounting graduation thesis model essay changes and analysis of the income statement under the new accounting standards for enterprises [Abstract] This paper mainly expounds the changes in the concept, measurement and presentation of the income statement under the new standards, as well as the changes in the connotation of operating profit, total profit and net profit. When analyzing the income statement under the new enterprise accounting standards, we should pay attention to three aspects: recurring income and non-recurring income, confirmed realized income and confirmed unrealized income, gains and losses included in profits and losses, and gains and losses included in owners' equity. [Keywords:] new criteria; Balance sheet; Income Statement The new accounting standard system for business enterprises issued by the Ministry of Finance in 2116 strictly defines the definitions of accounting elements such as assets, liabilities, owners' equity, income, expenses and profits, clearly defines the recognition conditions and measurement principles of accounting elements, introduces the concept of balance sheet view, highlights the core position of balance sheet, and changes the dominant position of income statement in the financial reporting system of enterprises under the income and expense view. Therefore, under the new accounting standards for business enterprises, great changes have taken place in the income statement of enterprises. I. Changes in the income statement under the new accounting standards for business enterprises (I. Changes in ideas: the view of income and expenses-the view of balance sheet for many years. China's accounting standards follow the concept of income and expenses. Under the concept of income and expenses, income is the difference between income in a certain period and various related costs and expenses. That is, income = income-expense. Article 54 of the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises (Basic Standards), which came into effect on July 1, 1993, clearly states that "profit is the operating result of an enterprise in a certain period. Including operating profit, net investment income and net non-operating income and expenditure. " In other words, the data of various items in the income statement and balance sheet are the results after considering income recognition and expense ratio. Under the view of income and expenses, the balance sheet is a by-product of the income statement. The new enterprise accounting standards system issued in 2116 introduced the concept of balance sheet view, that is, when the accounting standards makers formulated accounting standards to regulate certain transactions or events. We should first define and standardize the measurement of assets or liabilities arising from such transactions; Then, according to the defined changes in assets and liabilities, the income is recognized. Article 37 of the new Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises-Basic Standards stipulates that "profit refers to the operating results of an enterprise in a certain accounting period. Profits include net income minus expenses, gains and losses directly included in current profits, etc. " "Gains and losses directly included in the current profits" refers to gains or losses that should be included in the current profits and losses, which will lead to changes in the owner's equity and have nothing to do with the owner's investment in capital or distribution of profits to the owner. Simply put, the measurement of profit in the income statement mainly depends on the measurement of assets and liabilities, and the income statement can be regarded as a statement reflecting the change of net assets of an enterprise in a certain period. (II) Changes in measurement: Historical cost-fair value Article 19 of the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises (Basic Standards) of 1993 clearly states that "all property and materials shall be valued at the actual cost at the time of acquisition. When the price changes, its book value shall not be adjusted unless otherwise stipulated by the state, which means that historical cost is the basic attribute of accounting measurement. The new standard issued in 2116 no longer simply emphasizes historical cost as the basic measurement attribute, but introduces fair value moderately and cautiously, and introduces fair value measurement mode in investment real estate, biological assets, exchange of non-monetary assets, asset impairment, debt restructuring, financial instruments, hedging, business combination under different control, etc., and directly counts the changes of fair value that meet certain conditions into profit and loss and enters the income statement. Accounting measurement according to fair value can more objectively reflect the financial situation and operating results of enterprises, thus providing more relevant information to investors, which is conducive to enhancing the usefulness of accounting information and meeting the objectives of financial accounting reports. (III) Changes in the presentation of statements The presentation of the income statement under the old and new standards has also undergone great changes. First of all, the income statement under the new standards no longer distinguishes the main business from other businesses. Instead, it is uniformly presented in "operating income", "operating cost" and "business tax and surcharges". On the one hand, it is based on the continuous expansion of the business scale of enterprises in the market economy, the diversified development of business content, the equal income of different business, and the boundary between the main business and other businesses is already very model.