manchuanguan town is located in the southeast edge of Shanyang county, Shangluo city, at 111 degrees 3 minutes east longitude and 33 degrees 14 minutes north latitude. It borders Shangjin Town, Yunxi County, Hubei Province in the south, Judge Township in the north, Shifosi Township in the east, Kuanping Town in the south and Lianhua Township in the west. The town government is located in Manchuanguan Street Village, 95 kilometers north of Shanyang County and 15 kilometers south of Shangjin Town, Hubei Province. Under the jurisdiction of Wanfu, Niangniang Temple, Zhifanggou, Qiandianzi, Qiaojia Village, Street, Yanjiadian, Shuiwharf, Jianhe, Mengzhushan, Xiaohekou and Nanpo, there are 12 administrative villages and 1 neighborhood committees, 67 village (neighborhood) groups with 4,114 households and 15,711 people, including 14,114 agricultural people. The cultivated land area is 11267 mu, and the total area of the town area is 114 square kilometers. The population density is 1.51 people/km2. In history, Manchuan Pass was named after its vast landforms and wide waters. The terrain is a battleground for military strategists, and all the rulers in the past dynasties have set up customs in Manchuan Pass, which is known as the throat of Qin Chu. The flood and drought wharves in Manchuanguan are connected to various places, with prosperous business and dense population. The story of water wharves with hundreds of boats and dry wharves, Qin Jin in the north and Wu Chu in the south, all of which originated from this place.
manchuanguan town was called Fengyangguan and Fengyangchuan in ancient times, also known as Man Zi State. According to Shanyang County Records, Fengyang County was established in the second year of Taishi in the Western Jin Dynasty (266), and the county government was located in Fengyangchuan. Before the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Qin once set up Jingzhou in Fengyangchuan. According to Zheng Qiao's "Tongzhi", "During the reign of Emperor Fu Jian of the former Qin Dynasty (351-354), Qian Rong sent Fu Jing to plunder Luo and set up Jingzhou in Fengyangchuan to attract gold and wax from the south, pass through the customs, and come to distant business. The country used enough money but paid different bribes." It can be seen that the Manchuan Pass on that day was equivalent to a special economic zone of today's reform and opening up.
according to the records of Shaanxi Tongzhi, in the second year of the Western Wei Dynasty in the Northern Dynasty (553), Shangyong County was moved to Manchuan Pass, and Manchuan County was added in Fengyang County. In the third year of Baoding in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (563), it was merged into Fengyang, and in the twelfth year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1475), a patrol and inspection department was established, with the Qing Dynasty as the Li and the Republic of China as the town.
in October, 1947, the Shangguan county Committee, county democratic government and manchuanguan district democratic government were established in manchuanguan, and the county Committee, county government and district democratic government organs were all located in the street village of manchuanguan town. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Manchuan was the resident of Manchuan District Committee and District Office under Shanyang County Government.
in p>1997, after the district was withdrawn and the township was built, the original Wanfu and Tongan were merged and a new People's Government of Manchuanguan Town was established. Today, the land of 114 square kilometers in Manchuanguan is still a pattern of eight mountains, one water and one field. There are 4,114 households in the town with 15,711 people scattered in thousands of mountains. The neighborhood village where the town government is located is the most well-preserved and largest ancient architectural complex of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Shaanxi. After decades of continuous development since liberation, Manchuanguan Town was awarded the title of "Civilized Market Town" by Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government in 1995. In October, 2115, it was awarded the title of "National Advanced Village for Creating Civilized Villages and Towns" by the Central Civilization Committee. In 2117, Manchuanguan Town was listed as one of the national key towns for small town construction and one of the three major tourist attractions in the county. In 2119, it was listed as one of the 117 key towns in Shaanxi Province. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, 22 people have gone abroad for further study from this small street. The farmer entrepreneur who lives in Guanshui Wharf Village in Manchuan has become a virtuous man. Because he led one side of the people to get rich through hard work, he has walked into CCTV many times.
There are two old streets and towns in Manchuanguan. One is Shuiwharf Street, commonly known as Xiaohankou, which is a Li-long street of Ming and Qing Dynasties-Scorpion Street along the Qianmen River, mainly accepting boatmen and merchants from the south. Second, the dry dock Ming and Qing Street, where the town government is located, mainly accepts mule merchants from the north. The two streets are separated by Jinjiahe and Ruyi Mountain, a mile apart. Shuimatou Street is located in the east of Jinqian River in Boling, where the two wonders of circulation Tai Chi and the intersection of Jin and Jin are famous. There are two ancient mule-horse roads in the dry dock. West Ancient Road: Take the Arrow River, cross Qili Gorge, cross Changgou, go out of Xuejiagou to Shanyang County, trade states, Xi 'an and Guanzhong, and finally reach Shanxi, Lanzhou and Xinjiang.
north ancient road: cross the judge, cross the stork ridge, cross the dam to Shanyang county and join the west ancient road to the north.
in ancient times, the business center was in manchuanguan. "The Spring and Autumn Period of Sixteen Kingdoms" contains: In the second year of the former Qin Emperor (352), Fu Jing closed Jingzhou in Manchuan, went through the customs, recruited merchants from far away, introduced exotic goods from Nanjin, and bought lacquer wax for bows and poles, which was sufficient for national use and made profits from different bribes. From the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the early years of the Republic of China, the business of Manchuan Pass was prosperous. There were more than 311 shops in the dry dock, and there were more than 11 shops with big names such as Quan Sheng Yuan, Fan Shengheng, Hongshuntai, Jinlongchang, Huang Juxing and Xumaoyuan. The dry dock is also the central market for the trading of mule gangs and boat gangs. The boathouse has Wuchang Guild Hall and Huguang Guild Hall, and the mule gang (Salt Gang, Xima Gang, North Horse Gang and Guanzhong Gang) has raised funds to build North Guild Hall and Mule Club. On March 3 every year, it is a mule gang exchange meeting, and it is necessary to sing a big drama in Yuanyang Theater; The Dragon Boat Festival in May is an exchange meeting of boatmen's guild halls, dragon boat races, big dramas and prosperous business. After Chenghua in Ming Dynasty, Fengyang (Shanyang) County became the second business center. In the twenty-third year of the Republic of China (1934), Longhai Railway arrived in Xi 'an, and the goods were changed from water transportation to land transportation, and the business of Manchuan Customs declined gradually. Manchuan Guannan has Yunling Mountain, Taiping Mountain in the east, Mengzhu Mountain in the west and Tianzhu Mountain in the north. There are three rivers that pass through: Qianqian River, Jinjiahe River and Wanfu River. There are majestic Lingtai Mountain (commonly known as Qinglong Mountain) and Crouching Tiger Mountain behind Manchuan Street where the town government is located, Luofeng Mountain (commonly known as South Slope) in the south of the street, and Jinjiahe River flowing from north to south in front of it, just like a jade belt, and Ruyi Mountain on the other side, with its earth color and golden red, is beautiful.
The unique geographical environment has formed the circulation Tai Chi, the intersection of Jin and Jin, the rhinoceros looking at the moon and the paper house line spring. There are more than 11 natural landscapes such as the famous stone man watching the stars, the candle mountain and the fish cave in the Qianhe Gorge. There are two revolutionary memorial sites, the Martyrs Cemetery and the Shangguan County Site in the Thousand Buddha Cave. There are more than 11 places for religious (Taoist temples and temples) activities, such as Catholic Church, Islamic Church, Thousand Buddha Cave Buddhist Temple, Baidan Temple, Wanfu Niangniang Temple, Sanguan Temple, Ciwang Temple and Niangniang Cave. There are eight natural landscapes in Manchuan Pass, namely, the circulating Tai Chi, the ancient crossing of money, the paper house line spring, the sunset in Yunling, the jade belt winding, the phoenix falling in the south mountain, the rhinoceros looking at the moon and the lion guarding the pass. The streets of Guzhen are dominated by commercial catering services, while the surrounding villages are dominated by agriculture, and agriculture is dominated by planting. Wheat, corn and rice are the main food crops, followed by sweet potatoes and beans. The main cash crops are peanuts and sesame. The forest land covers an area of 1 million mu, and the forest coverage rate is 52%. The forest areas are mainly distributed in Yunling, Mengzhu Mountain, Taiping Mountain, Hejialing and other mountain ridges. The planting area of Dioscorea zingiberensis is 5,111 mu, and the tangerine is 1,511 mu. The animal husbandry has developed rapidly. There are more than 61 natural potato saponin factories, wood processing factories, vehicle repair and small agricultural and sideline products processing factories, and the annual tax of public and private enterprises is 2.86 million yuan.
Since 1998, Manchuanguan has restructured the Baoling Hydropower Station and built the Mengzhushan medium-sized hydropower station. Standardized development of Wanfu Qianmu tea factory, Xiaohekou fruit village, Nanpo Qianmu tangerine garden, water pier lotus fish farming, Yanjiadian Ruanjia factory and Qiandianzi Li Jiawan vegetable planting base.
private enterprises Jinchuan Fengxing Chemical Co., Ltd. and Kangli Biochemical Co., Ltd. were established successively. Cheng Chuande, a villager from the local water wharf, founded Jinchuan Fengxing Chemical Co., Ltd., a private enterprise, at the end of 2111. It was put into operation in October 2111, with an annual output of 1.51 tons of saponin hydrolysate and 127 laid-off workers and unemployed people. The enterprise has a total investment of 4.8 million yuan, fixed assets of 2.7 million yuan, working capital of 2 million yuan, annual output value of 39 million yuan, and annual profits and taxes of 751,111 yuan. In 2111, the company was awarded the leading enterprise in Xingxian County (county level). In 2114, it was awarded to county-level honest enterprises, contract-abiding and credit-abiding units and advanced private enterprises. Cheng Chuande, the chairman and general manager of the company, was elected as a representative of the Municipal People's Congress in 2111, a provincial model worker in 2112, one of the top ten outstanding young people in the city-level industrial development county in 2114, and the leader of party member's wealth in 2115. In 2115, Cheng Chuande donated 21,111 yuan for Pujiu and 3,111 yuan for Nanpo Village's road reconstruction.
Kangli Biochemical Co., Ltd. is a private joint-stock enterprise founded by Wu Yiwen, the manager, with an investment of 5 million yuan in 2113. It has 155 employees and an annual output of 211 tons of saponin hydrolysate, with an annual output value of 45 million yuan and an annual profit and tax of 911,111 yuan.
manchuanguan has a long history of commerce and trade, and local residents say that ten households do business with nine households. The volume of commerce and trade has always been at the top of Shanyang County, and it has become an important distribution center connecting the commodity trade between Shaanxi and Hubei provinces. Since the 1991s, the construction of market towns has been accelerated, and the urban area has been expanded from 1.68 square kilometers to nearly 1 square kilometers. The development of residential areas and the construction of rural small market towns have become provincial and municipal models, and in 1995, they were awarded the title of civilized market towns by the provincial party committee and the provincial government. In October, 2115, it was awarded the title of "Advanced Village and Town" by the Central Civilization Committee. In 2117, Manchuanguan Town was listed as a key town for small town construction in China and one of the three major tourist attractions in the county. In 2119, it was listed as one of the 117 key towns in Shaanxi Province. Manchuan Guan people, straightforward and honest. 91% of the local residents are the lower Lakers who moved from all over the south in the past dynasties, and their living habits belong to the southern type. Due to the mutual influence of Chu customs in Qin Feng, the people in Manchuan Pass not only contain the fierceness of northerners, but also have the grace of southerners, and always maintain the traditional virtues of diligence, frugality, simplicity, hospitality and dedication.
Manchuanguan people are intelligent, knowledgeable and progressive, and there are many talented people in history. Civilians are more important than making a living. Historically, as big as three religions and nine streams, as small as nine guys and eighteen craftsmen, they are all good at imitation and not innovative, and most of them know what they are but don't know why.
Man Chuan Guan people, giving consideration to agriculture and business, street people value business, and country people value agriculture.
Manchuan cares about people, valuing emotion over law, valuing frugality over suicide, advocating superstition, and drinking too much to make money. These stereotypes should be changed. Manchuan cares about people, loves to judge people by their appearances, and pays attention to food and clothing. Nowadays, suits are popular, and women wear all kinds of dresses. Men have short hair and women have long hair.
people in manchuanguan street are very particular about eating. They should have four dishes and one soup to eight dishes and one soup for three meals a day, and have wine and meat at noon. For weddings, funerals and weddings, there are eight banquet tables, where liquor, beer and drinks are served together, and one banquet table is eaten for half a day. Farmers have two meals in the morning and evening, lunch is in the middle, and some work early before breakfast. Generally speaking, the marriage of Manchurian customs people goes through four procedures: matchmaking, meeting, engagement and marriage. Up to now, there are still phenomena of marriage before love, engagement before love.
The folk customs in Manchuan Pass are honest, and all relatives and friends are happy to celebrate and join in the happy events. Such as getting married, having children, being one year old, celebrating birthdays (36th and 61th birthdays), building houses, moving, etc., are all congratulated by relatives and friends, and the lavish activities with good economic conditions are very extravagant.
The funeral procedures of the people in Manchuan Pass are also very complicated, including the death of children and grandchildren, the mourning, the funeral, the night, driving away wild animals, the whole grave, the July 7th Festival, Zhou Nianji and so on.
people in manchuan pass are superstitious and taboo. With the popularization of science and technology and the development of society, taboos have gradually decreased, but there are still children who are jealous of the same name as their immediate elders; Children who can't talk should avoid kissing each other; Don't send (rain) umbrellas when sending people away; Don't say dead, finished eating and other taboos on Chinese New Year's Day. Manchuanguan dialect has a unique style, and folk love songs and funeral songs are also unique, especially Manchuanguan major, folk minor and boatman's chant.
manchuanguan's love songs are divided into mountain songs and boat songs. There are a series of procedures for mourning songs, such as opening the road, burning more paper, visiting ten halls, crying and returning to the sun. There are many kinds of filial piety songs, including printed and handwritten versions.
There is a Han Opera Troupe in Manchuanguan, whose main repertoire is costume drama. Guzhen Lantern Festival and Spring Festival Folk Art Festival are traditional folk cultural activities that have spread from the Northern Song Dynasty to the present. The lantern festival team is very large, and the story of social fire during the day is vividly dressed; In the evening, dragon lanterns, fire lions, dry boats, gongs and drums, fireworks and firecrackers stayed up all night to dress up the ancient town. Manchuan Pass has a long history. Located at the confluence of Qianjin River and Jinjiahe River, it is named after its vast landforms and wide waters. In the past, the border of Qin Chu in Xinjiang was the border of Shaanxi and Hubei, and it was fortified here in the past dynasties. Before the opening of Longhai Railway, Manchuan was a flood and drought wharf and one of the important distribution centers for the exchange of materials between Shaanxi, Hubei, Henan and Sichuan. In the Spring and Autumn Period, it was the State of Man Zi; During the Warring States Period, the Fangcheng was passed by Chu, and the boundary monument in Qin Chu is still there today.
The Millennium bonfire has never been extinguished, the smoke of Yao's "Danshui War" against Nan Man has not been exhausted, and the war for hegemony in Qin Chu has started again. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, in just a hundred years, Manchuan County was renamed six times, and every change was connected with the war. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Manchuan was a circuitous battlefield repeatedly contested by the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties. In August, 1142, the boundary pillar of the Song Dynasty's "cutting the merchants to half their gold" stood on the hill of Guling in the north of Manchuan. Li Zicheng Peasant Uprising Army and Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Revolutionary Army fought continuously in Shanyang, and there were many military incidents in Sichuan. During the period of the Republic of China, "Jianghu Anyway", "Broadsword Club" and "Red Gun Club" came one after another, and they fought for years, and the war continued, and the smoke and dust of Jinge Iron Horse filled the flood plain.
from October 11 to April 14, 1932, more than 21,111 people of the Red Fourth Front Army arrived in Manchuan under the leadership of Xu Xiangqian and Chen Changhao. The revolutionary army sowed the revolutionary fire after passing through Manchuan, making Manchuan an old revolutionary area and a red ancient town. This article is excerpted from "Fighting in the Same Room" Author: Guo Shengwei Publishing House: China * * * Party History Publishing House
Content Description:
The Red Fourth Front Army moved westward under the leadership of the commander-in-chief Xu Xiangqian, and the Shaanxi authorities of the Kuomintang were greatly frightened. In order to prevent the Red Army from entering the country, Yang Hucheng, director of the "appeasement office" in Xi 'an, hurriedly mobilized troops to strengthen the defense in Shangluo area in southern Shaanxi. 1932-11-11 Northwest Culture Daily reported:
The Central Committee sent Hu Zongnan, Liu Maosi, Xiao Zhichu, Fan Shisheng and other departments to follow closely, in order to wipe out the bandits. Director Yang of Sui Department decided that the bandit would go to the Shaanxi border if he fled to the west, so he sent more than one division of troops to the borders of Shang (South), Luo (South), Xun (Yang) and Bai (He) to make strict protection and prepare for interception.
although the enemy blocked the front and chased after it, it still failed to stop the Red Fourth Front Army from entering Shaanxi. On 11/11/11, the Red Fourth Front Army advanced to Kangjiaping and Renling areas in Manchuan Guandong.
manchuan pass is an important border between Hubei province and Henan province. High mountains, cliffs and steep slopes are dangerous. There is only a rugged path in the mountain that runs through the two peaks. The local people have a jingle that best reflects the preciseness of Manchuan Pass: "When you enter Manchuan Pass, it's like the gate of hell, the wind blows the stone and you can't see the sky." Because this place is the only way to enter Hanzhong, it has always been a battleground for military strategists.
The reconnaissance of the Red Fourth Front Army learned that three regiments of Yang Hu's city department had occupied the defense of Manchuan customs troops, blocking the way forward of the Red Army from the front. In addition, the two brigades of the first division of Hu Zongnan started from Yunxi to Renling, Leiyin Temple, Qili Gorge and Gumiaogou in the southeast of Manchuan Pass, and fought fiercely with the vanguard troops of the 12th division of the Red Fourth Army. In addition, the enemy's 44th Division has occupied the zhang jia zhuang-majiawan line in the northeast of Manchuanguan Pass, formed a temporary defensive front, blocked the enemy, and fought fiercely with the 219th Regiment of the 73rd Division of the Red Fourth Front Army. The enemy's sixty-fifth division and fifty-first division also pursued to Dagoukou and Dangshan areas east of Manchuan Pass. The 42nd Division of Feng Qinzai, on the other hand, spread out through the stone kiln north of Manchuan Pass in an attempt to compress it to the south.
The headquarters of the Red Fourth Front Army entered Kangjiaping to the east of Manchuanguan late at night. Commander in chief Xu Xiangqian immediately called a military meeting to study the battle plan. Zhang Guotao, Chairman of the Military Commission, also attended the meeting. At the meeting, the operational staff first reported the current situation of the enemy and the terrain of Manchuan Pass, which was felt by everyone.