Abstract: Waterfront area is the center of urban life, lining the prosperous and civilized modern city. With the rational planning of urban waterfront as the focus of the study, it discusses the problems existing in the current urban waterfront planning, and discusses the rational planning of the waterfront from the waterfront area waterfront planning, ecological protection of the waterfront environment and greening construction, construction of waterfront platforms, and layout of urban buildings.　Keywords: urban waterfront; planning; rational planning The prosperity and decline of urban waterfront (Urban waterfront) directly affects the economic development of coastal, riverine and lake cities, because urban waterfront has the potential to develop three kinds of tourism resources at the same time: cultural tourism, shopping tourism and landscape tourism. In view of this, many countries have taken the urban waterfront as the center of urban life and its development as the focus of economic revitalization, which makes the rational planning of the urban waterfront particularly important.　1 the concept of urban waterfront and type 1.1 the concept of urban waterfront urban waterfront is a specific spatial section of the city, mainly refers to "and rivers, lakes, oceans adjacent to the land, or buildings, towns and cities adjacent to the part of the body of water", including the city of land and water connected to the area [1].　1.2 type of urban waterfront waterfront is centered on the water system, relative to the surrounding physical interface and the existence of a space, is a system that includes multiple elements. Waterfront environment according to the nature of its adjacent water bodies, can be divided into coastal type, riverfront type, lakefront type, waterfront type 4 kinds.　2 China's urban waterfront planning unreasonable status quo waterfront is a city in the most beautiful scenery, the most moving, most reflective of the city's characteristics of the region, so the rational planning of the waterfront environment is particularly important. Since the 1980s, China's industrialization process has gradually accelerated, productivity has been greatly improved; at the same time, a large number of water bodies have been polluted, damaging the waterfront environment. Nowadays *** energy is being redirected to the development of urban waterfronts in order to explore the huge potential of urban waterfronts. However, many cities ignore the regional nature of waterfront design and blindly copy the design of other cities, resulting in the loss of regional characteristics of the waterfront in the landscape design and utilization of the waterfront environment. There are some places *** for the pursuit of short-term economic interests, the waterfront area shoreline, and let to real estate developers, so that the lack of long-term planning, although at that time can be more than some of the proceeds from the sale of land, but in the long term to directly affect the waterfront scenic spot on the attractiveness of the people, resulting in a reduction in the source of the passengers, in the economy is not worth the loss. In reality, many urban waterfront in the planning, just along the coast of real estate, commercial area development, seriously ignored the waterfront attraction of important factors, that is, people in the waterfront area in the performance of the principle of hydrophilicity.　In addition to the short-term interests driven by the urban waterfront planning unreasonable problems, *** lack of necessary communication between the departments and the overall collaboration, is also caused by the urban waterfront unreasonable planning one of the crux. Such as the water conservancy department in the planning and design of the waterfront, just simply take into account the flood control problem, in the design of the section of the berm using upright construction, in order to improve the flood control standard. Vertical steep artificial masonry separates people and water diametrically, greatly reducing the hydrophilicity. Again, such as municipal landscaping department in the waterfront area of the shore of the green space planning is still applied to the city streets of the greening program, planting some decorative city of green body plants, not fully consider the effective combination with the waterfront environment, thereby also affecting the public on the requirements of hydrophilic.　In addition, scientific and effective planning and management is also an important prerequisite for the development of urban waterfront. The most fundamental urban waterfront is water, the water quality of the river directly affects the development of urban waterfront. As many cities pay more attention to the development of industry, but can not be strictly managed, so that industrial wastewater is discharged directly into the river, seriously affecting the waterfront environment. At present, China's waterfront water environment management methods mainly use waterfront plants, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, living water park is the use of the South River, Fu River channel transformation out of the waterfront shallows, through a large number of aquatic plants planted, purify the waterfront water quality.　There is another point, many urban waterfront planning does not fully take into account the regional differences, often waterfront planning and local characteristics of cultural disconnect, the lack of local characteristics and the organic combination of water culture, thus reducing the attractiveness of the waterfront.　3 rational planning of urban waterfront urban waterfront environment is the city within the waters and land **** with the composition of a unique urban environment, is the "people" as the center, to the urban water body as the main line, build to adapt to the modern urban life of the waterfront environment, to meet the people return to nature's thirst. The fact is that there is still a lack of systematic theoretical knowledge in urban waterfront environment planning and design. For that, the main study is how to fully reflect its hydrophilic characteristics [2].　3.1 waterfront waterfront planning Waterfront areas are often used for railroads, roads or shipping and other transportation routes, it is very easy to cause the public pro-water obstacles; although you can use the underpass, flyovers or other air corridors and other ways to connect the line, but visually, environmentally, psychologically and physiologically a great impact on the people, often in the end, there is no one to use the results of the waterfront barren. For example, the city of Chicago, the United States lake shore boulevard used to be a quiet and pleasant waterfront boulevard, with the arrival of the motor vehicle era, were transformed into a highway like access, a single traffic function instead of the original with traffic, sightseeing and other integrated functions of the city streets, waterfront into a service area, a place to pass through, rather than strolling and wandering place.　As a result of long-term indifference, the landscape and facilities of waterfront areas are mostly unattractive. Most of the waterfronts are limited by relevant legal regulations, and little consideration has been given to the appropriate combination of spaces or facilities for recreation, trails, viewing, dining, play, event venues, and performing arts venues [3]. The urban revitalization of Providence, Rhode Island, USA, which is mainly a business center, has proved that the proper planning of a city's waterfront is a wise move. In nearly 20 years, Providence, Rhode Island, from an unimpressive, and its backwardness of the city developed into a northeastern United States, the most dynamic city, the development of the city highlights the rational planning of the foresight and importance.　The hydrophilic nature of a waterfront is often the key to its success. Water has plasticity, through the treatment of the shoreline, can enrich the water plane form, enhance the sense of hydrophilic. In other words, the design of waterfront should try to respect the nature, maintain and utilize the natural and smooth form of the water body. In the hydrophilic design, it should be based on the principle that people can be close to the water at various distances, and provide various ways of hydrophilic as much as possible, such as playing and swimming in the water, especially the form of the bank protection design directly influences the proximity of people to the water body. Through the different treatment of the section of the berm, the formation of various styles of inter-water space; the section of the berm can be layered, step, slope type of three-dimensional treatment and other ways to increase the experience of pro-water ways and time. And some cities in order to improve the standard of flood control, the use of vertical flood walls, so that people are far above the water surface, no water can be said. For example, Shanghai Bund construction of the embankment can be defended against flooding once in a thousand years, it sounds very safe; but because the embankment is too high, the public can not even walk on Zhongshan Road to see the passing ships in the river, not to mention the embankment of the structural design of the embankment makes it difficult to plant trees and plants, which is even more lack of human and natural integration of the sense of intimacy in the hot summer [4].　3.2 ecological protection of the waterfront environment and greening construction of many cities in the waterfront area more buildings, no rational use of the waterfront environment, ignoring the organic combination of ecological protection and greening construction. There are also part of the city's waterfront in order to pursue short-term interests, engaged in real estate development, the construction of waterfront homes, gold stores, and so on, and even the islands in the water are covered by a dense high-rise buildings, ignoring the natural ecological protection and greening construction, seriously damage the harmony of the waterfront environment, so that the waterfront area to lose the attractiveness of the loss in the long run. Pragmatic approach we suggest, should establish a natural ecosystem, the introduction and reproduction of natural communities, such as shrimp, fish, crabs, aquatic plants and trees and shrubs, etc., in particular, to protect rare and endangered plants and animals, which is an important element of urban waterfront ecological environment planning and construction. Wenzhou City, the suburbs of the Sanyang water network zone, Chongqing Jiangbei CBD waterfront area is to pay attention to the classic case of ecological construction [5].　Urban waterfront green space belongs to the composite area, including water and land areas, rich in landscape and ecological information. Waterfront green space than the general urban green space to highlight its ecological value, landscape value. Waterfront greening configuration needs to reasonably select the tree species, so that the native species and the introduction of tree species, evergreen species and deciduous species, fast-growing species and long-life tree species, a combination of reasonable tree combinations. So that the public can see the green landscape of the urban waterfront in all seasons, and appreciate the colorfulness of the waterfront area, so that the waterfront area exudes a unique attraction in any season. In addition to planting green plants, there is also a need to arrange some landscape architecture, including pavilions, porches, pagodas, rockeries and so on. Landscape vignettes like some sculptures, railings, signboards and so on are also one of the highlights of waterfront green areas. These arrangements can greatly satisfy the public rest, viewing and waterfront and other functional needs. The Ancient Canal Waterfront Area in Yangzhou City is a typical case in this regard as it combines with the local characteristics of Yangzhou in green space planning. In addition, the appropriate planting of aquatic plants will help to improve the self-purification ability of the water body, and then improve the natural state of the riverbank.　3.3 Water-friendly platform construction The spatial design of the urban waterfront area is as important as the street spatial design, and some domestic and foreign excellent urban waterfront area in the planning and construction, all make full use of the water body to organize the urban open space, and build a large water-friendly platform. Baltimore City in the United States has become one of the main destinations for tourists visiting and playing on the East Coast, and the reason why it has such a great attraction is due to its development mode. From 1950 until now, the inner harbor area of Baltimore City has been remodeled, and it attracts tourists by focusing on commerce and tourism, placing residences, office buildings and hotels in the commercial center, and building commercial facilities such as shopping centers, recreational facilities such as green plazas, and other tourist facilities like exhibition halls in the location closest to the water. In addition, like the United States, New York City, South Street Harbor and other urban waterfront areas, in the planning is to pay more attention to the construction of large-scale waterfront platform.　Urban waterfront can be built according to its own environmental characteristics, the construction of suitable water-friendly platform. For example, the construction of green parks, mainly to walk in the morning exercise, from time to time to hold special exhibitions and other activities; will be water theme restaurants, water cinema, a variety of art performance venues and other recreational facilities are inlaid into the waterfront area to go, can greatly enrich the city's waterfront environment, improve the public actively involved in water activities of the participatory nature of the waterfront activities; such as cruise ship sightseeing, theme parks sightseeing, aquatic life exhibition halls, water conservancy museums can make full use of the waterfront area's water resources and historical and cultural heritage, such as the waterfront area of the waterfront area. Water resources and historical and cultural deposits of the waterfront area, so that every visitor to the waterfront area have to enjoy, have to learn, not a false trip; make full use of the natural advantages of the urban waterfront area and regional hydrophilic project development, the construction of the river beach bathing beach, boating venues, beach stadiums, etc., can greatly enhance the waterfront area of the city's hydrophilic characteristics [6].　3.4 Architectural layout Urban waterfront is its surrounding environment and water body closely related to the natural factors and social factors of the integrated combination of urban waterfront space shaping should follow the "ecological footprint" of the development of ideas, so that the cultural connotations, regional characteristics and waterfront platforms organically integrated, reflecting the urban waterfront environment, "people-oriented". The principle of "people-oriented", to create enough open space, so that citizens and tourists can fully enjoy the charm of the urban waterfront.　The waterfront area is characterized by cultural tourism, landscape tourism and shopping tourism, and the commercial buildings in the scenic spot are essential when it comes to shopping tourism. Urban waterfront commercial buildings should make full use of the advantages of scenic water bodies, built by water but can reflect the perfect combination of artificial and natural, not to hide the people in which the performance of the hydrophilic. Waterfront building layout should be reasonable, large-scale shopping plaza, office building planning and waterfront landscape integration, reflecting the harmony between man and nature. Compared with the dense building layout, decentralized is more suitable for the architectural characteristics of urban waterfront area. Because the main attraction of the urban waterfront is its natural landscape, dense building layout will dominate the main, thus covering and destroying the natural landscape of the waterfront. Decentralized layout is not a haphazard building randomly built next to the waterfront, rational planning is essential. Some buildings itself is very characteristic, but because of the layout is not reasonable, all the buildings together will lose their own characteristics. In the urban waterfront commercial building layout should pay attention to the following points, one is the best point of view of the choice to be reasonable, tourists, the public dense area is the best choice; Second, the layout should have a sense of hierarchy, a lot of urban waterfront buildings are as much as possible by the water, as far as possible to the high-rise building, as far as possible to make full use of every inch of the land, in order to maximize the pursuit of interests. In fact, it is this planning and design makes a lot of urban waterfront into the sluggish status quo, this layout greatly compressed the waterfront area of the three-dimensional space. Unreasonable layout so that the building complex can not be integrated with the beautiful natural landscape of the waterfront area, obscuring the charming scenery, thus losing the unique attractiveness of the waterfront area [7].　4 Summary The rational planning of the urban waterfront area should reflect the principle of hydrophilicity expressed by people in it. In the spirit of this principle, the potential of three kinds of tourism resources, namely, cultural tourism, landscape tourism and shopping tourism, in the urban waterfront area should be reasonably developed. At present, many foreign cities have a wealth of successful experience, we can learn from it, and combined with the domestic characteristics of different cities in the regional rational planning, in order to create a good environment of the urban waterfront.　References: ［1］ Tong Zonghuang, Zheng Zheng. Urban waterfront environmental planning and design issues [J]. Modern urban research, 2001 (5): 14-18. ［2］ Xu Yongjian. A preliminary study of tourism development in urban waterfront areas［J］. Economic Geography, 2000(7):99-102. ［3］ Huang Chengcai, Yang Fang. Discussion on the Planning and Design of Nanjing Qinhuai River Wetland Park［J］. Zhongnan Forestry Survey and Planning, 2004, 23(3):26-29. ［4］ Hook Bo. Discussion on Ecological Planning and Landscape Design of Urban Wetland Parks--Taking Suzhou Shengzedang Wetland Park as an Example［D］. Xi'an: Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 2006. ［5］ Lin Rong. Sustainable Development and Landscape Shaping of Urban Waterfront Areas [D]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2003. 6] Wang Jiaojiao. People, Landscape, and Ecology--Research on Urban Waterfront Design［D］. Baoding, Hebei: Hebei Agricultural University, 2006. ［7］ Yang Zihui. Research on Urban Ecological Waterfront Leisure Space［D］. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2005.