The three southward migrations of Confucius in history

Although Confucius's ideas originated in Lu, between Su and Si, all the people in the world have been educated by it, and although the descendants of Confucius lived in Wu County and Huiji in the south of the Yangtze River, they have been worshipping and sacrificing to him for thousands of years.

One of the "descendants of the Wu Hui" is the so-called "South Kong", which refers to the descendants of Confucius who moved south twice during the Han and Jin dynasties.

The first time was the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when the northern wars were raging for years, and the Prince Kong Qian, who avoided the chaos, moved south to Huiji (Shanyin, present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province), where his descendants served as prominent officials in the Eastern Wu regime.

Later generations of researchers of the Kongzi lineage believe that Kong Qian is the 22nd grandson of Kongzi, so the generations are listed in the Kongzi genealogy.

After Kong Qian, his descendants prospered, and his branches were widely divided, living in Jiangnan, and during the six dynasties of Eastern Wu, Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen, he was one of the most prominent families in Jiangnan, with numerous officials and dignitaries, and no less than a hundred of them were famous in historical records.

The time extension, its branches have migrated to various parts of Wuyue, and the "Kong House" in Qingpu may be the former residence of one of them.

Legend has it that in the Qing Dynasty, in the Qingpu County of Songjiang Province (now part of Shanghai), there is an ancient "hole house" site, April 21, 1705 (Kangxi 44 years in March of polyoxyethylene), the fifth southern tour of the Kangxi Emperor passed through this place, the royal pen wrote "holy relics of the emblem!

The meaning is that - although Confucius' thought is derived from the Lu State between Su Si, but all the people of the world have been educated by it, and although the descendants of Confucius live in the Jiangnan Wu County and Hu Ji, but for thousands of years, they have been worshipped and sacrificed to Confucius.

One of the "descendants of the Wu Hui" is the so-called "South Kong", which refers to the descendants of Confucius who moved south twice during the Han and Jin dynasties.

The first time was the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when the northern wars were raging for years, and the Prince Kong Qian, who avoided the chaos, moved south to Huiji (rule of Shanyin, present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province), where his descendants served as prominent officials in the Eastern Wu regime.

Later researchers of the Kongzi lineage believe that Kong Qian is the 22nd grandson of Kongzi, and therefore all generations are listed in the Kongzi lineage.

After Kong Qian, his descendants prospered, and his branches were widely divided, living in Jiangnan, and during the six dynasties of Eastern Wu, Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen, they were one of the most prominent families in Jiangnan, with numerous prominent officials and dignitaries, and no less than a hundred of them were famous in historical records.

As time went on, the branches of the family migrated to different parts of Wu-Yue, and the "Kung Mansion" in Qingpu may be the former residence of one of them.

The second was the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, when the north fell, and at least two branches of the "Northern Kong" people took refuge in the south of the Yangtze River: one of them was Kong Yan (268~320), who was famous in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and was recorded in the Book of Jin as the 22nd grandson of Kong Zi.

The history says that his life "is not known for his literary talent, and he is too knowledgeable to write more than a million words".

His son, Kong Qi, was also famous in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and served as governor of Lu Ling.

In addition, and Kong Yan together with the southward migration of the clan Kong Yiwu, this person is not as learned as Kong Yan, but the prestige and official position in the Kong Yan above, the Eastern Jin Dynasty soon after the founding of that is the service, and after his death, posthumously awarded as the Imperial Servant.

The other is the so-called 25th grandson of Kong Zi, the heir of Feng Sheng Ting Hou Kong Yi (Ting).

According to Ming Cheng Minzheng, Kong Yi was also the end of the Western Jin Dynasty with the Jin Emperor Sima Rui "south of the ferry, living in Huiji", and his sons and daughters in the Southern Dynasties are hereditary Sheng Ting Hou, but also quite an official position.

These two branches since the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, after the south, but also generations of living in Jiangnan, and the Qingpu "Kong House" may also be their descendants of the former residence of the branch.

It should be noted that, Kong Qian and Kong Derivatives of the same 22 generations, but in the era of about a hundred years difference, according to which, Kong Qian generation is low when it is close to the branch, Kong Derivatives of the generation is high when it is the distant branch of the Kong family; Kong Derivatives of the same two Jin dynasty and Kong Yi two people, but the generation is three generations difference, Kong Yi for the 25th generation, the generation is low when it is the near branch of the Kong family, Kong Derivatives for the 22nd, the generation is high when it is the distant branch of the Kong family.

As for the Kong Qian, Kong Yi two branches, but also only with the Kong Derivative a compared to their branches may be slightly closer, but also is by no means the ancient people are fond of the authentic direct line.

The "Southern Kong" Kong Zi rituals began with Kong Yi in the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Since the Han Dynasty, the sacrifice of Confucius gradually for the national system, posthumous sealing of Confucius as "praise Cheng Xuanni Gong" and other titles, sealing its descendants or clansmen who have the virtue of Fengzujun, praise into the Jun, Zongsheng Hou and other hereditary titles to Confucius, that is, to preside over the Confucius Family Temple of the Kong Kong Kong activities.

Successive generations have given the seal, title or change.

At the end of the Han Dynasty, the country was in turmoil, the worship of the loss of the heir, Qufu Confucius Temple is deserted, Confucius Festival is not held at all times, to the first year of the Wei Emperor Huangchu (220), so the search for the descendants of Confucius to Confucius Rituals, the ministers believe that in the Confucius clan is not as virtuous as the 21st descendant of the Speaker of the Kong envy, and so the granting of "the Speaker of the Kong envy Zong Sheng Marquis, 100 households, Kong Zi Rituals

And outside of it, a wide range of rooms and houses to live scholars.

After the repair of the Temple, Cao Zhi personally wrote the "system order Zongsheng Hou Feng family sacrifice inscription".

After Kong Xian's death, his son Kong Zhen inherited the title.

The Sima clan had a state, and Emperor Wu of Jin, in November of the third year of Tai Shi (267), conferred the title of Marquis of the Sacred Pavilion on Kong Zhen, and ordered "the Imperial College and the State of Lu to prepare three sacrifices for the worship of Confucius at all times of the year".

Thereafter, Kong Zhen's son Kong Yi, grandson Kong Fu, great-grandson Kong Yi (Ting) successive succession of Feng Sheng Ting Hou, because in the concept of the ancients, "all the heir to the title of the worship of the person is called the great clan", so this lineage is regarded as a "great clan".

At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, with the 25th grandson, the heir to the Sheng Ting Hou Kong Yi migrated to Jiangzuo, the so-called "big clan" also moved south to Jiangzuo, but the ancestral tomb and lineage of the world stored in Qufu, it is said that since the Kong Yi Kong "divided into north and south two clans".

More than 200 years in the period of the North and South Dynasties, the North and South blocking more than one time, the East Jin Dynasty, Song, Qi, Liang, Chen and other dynasties, not only have given the "South hole" clan for the Sheng Ting Hou, such as the Kong Zi rituals, but also some of the dynasty also ordered the construction of another Kong Zi (Xuan Nigong) in the capital city of the family temple for the four seasons of the sacrifice.

The construction of Confucius family temple in Jiangnan, about the beginning of the Eastern Jin Dynasty when Emperor Xiaowu.

Tang Xu Song "Jiankang Records" Volume IX records: Taiyuan eleven years, in the sealing of the Kong Jingzhi for the Sheng Ting Hou Feng Xuanni rituals at the same time, but also in the former Danyang County, that is, the capital of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (today's Nanjing) set up a Confucius (Xuanni) Temple, the location of which is in the "city in front of the south-east of the road," Xu Song, but also according to the previous generation, "Opinion of the land record", said that the Xiaoqi dynasty would be This temple moved to the north of the Qinhuai River, "to its old place to set up the Confucius Temple also called its lane for the Confucius Lane, in today's county five miles southeast of 200 paces, one mile east of the Changle Bridge.

"This is probably the predecessor of today's Nanjing Fuzi Temple.

Before and after the fall of the Sui Dynasty, the north and south of the two clans and lost, to the Tang Gaozu Wude nine years (625) in December, the resumption of the so-called 33rd grandson of Confucius Kong Deren for the Shao Sheng Marquis in order to serve Confucius rituals.

De Lun's descendants in the Li Tang dynasty generations of succession, Zheng Guan eleven years (637), the 27th year of the new year (739) was reappointed Marquis of Berg Sheng, Duke of Wen Xuan.

In the late Tang Dynasty and the beginning of the Five Dynasties, he lost his title again, when his 43rd grandson, Kong Guang, was appointed as the magistrate of Surabaya County and the head of the Kong Festival, and the clansman in charge of guarding the tomb, Kong Mou, took advantage of the chaos to kill all the members of the Kong Clan such as Kong Guang, and Kong Mou himself was able to become the magistrate of Qufu County and the head of the Kong Festival.

Kong Guang was killed when his son Kong Renyu was born more than nine months, Renyu's mother, Zhang's mother to hide it in their own family was spared, when Renyu grew to 19 years old when the defeat of the Kong Mou, to the latter Tang Dynasty Changxing three years (932) in May, Renyu to Qufu magistrate was given the title of the Duke of Wenxuan, into the Song Dynasty and died.

Renyu's descendants in the Northern Song Dynasty, generations of succession, Renzong Zhihe two years (1055), Zhezong Yuanyou first year (1086) was successively renamed Diffractive Sheng Gong, Fenghuang Sheng Gong, Huizong Chongning three years (1104) was reappointed Diffractive Sheng Gong, and since then more than 800 years of the granting of the seal without change.

Although the southward migration of the Kung family began in the 3rd and 4th centuries, it is known as the third migration in the early Southern Song Dynasty.

In 1128, the 48th grandson of Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty, Duanyou Kong, followed Emperor Koratsu of the Southern Song Dynasty to the south, and in the following year, he gave his family home to Quzhou (Qu County, Zhejiang Province), and in 1136, he ordered that the Quzhou Palace be used as a family temple for Confucius.

Since then, the Confucius family has been divided into two clans: North and South.

By the time Yuan Shizu Kublai united China, the two clans had been inherited for six generations.

By the time Yuan Shih Zu Kublai unified China, both the northern and southern clans had been passed on for six generations.