Shaoyang City has been a traditional commercial port in central and southwestern Hunan since ancient times. Before the Opium War, handicrafts such as home-made paper and local products such as magnolia, dragon tooth lily, coix seed and tea were mostly distributed here, and the grain trade was also active. After the Opium War, foreign goods were gradually imported.
During the Xuantong period, Zuo Binggang, a wealthy businessman, founded the Bureau of Commerce, and all the business associations became its grass-roots organizations.
in the early years of the Republic of China, warlords scuffled in Baoqing county, and the business community suffered great losses.
In 2113, there was another flood, and many shops along the river collapsed. In addition, local steel and indigo were replaced by foreign steel and indigo, which led to the decline of the market and sluggish business.
In the late period of the Anti-Japanese War, Shaoyang was located in the artery of Hunan-Guizhou Highway, and its local products export, foreign goods import and urgently needed textile products in southwest provinces all took Shaoyang as the transit point, becoming an important transshipment hub for domestic and foreign materials. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, the Kuomintang launched a civil war against the people, unscrupulous businessmen hoarded and speculated, people valued goods over money, and domestic businesses were hard to revive.
after the founding of new China, the people's government quickly established industrial and commercial management institutions, strengthened industrial and commercial and market management, cracked down on speculative activities, organized personnel to bring in a large number of basic means of subsistence such as grain, cotton yarn and salt, and put them into the market to curb inflation and stabilize prices.
since March p>1951, Shaoyang Special Zone Trading Company, state-owned and collective commercial organizations such as specialized, municipal and county supply and marketing cooperatives have been established one after another to organize the allocation of commodities to supply urban and rural residents. And carry out material exchanges between urban and rural areas and develop fair trade.
after p>1953, the state successively implemented the unified purchase and marketing of grain, oilseeds, cotton, cotton cloth and other commodities, and the government organized private businesses to implement joint purchase and distribution on the basis of merger and joint venture, which was state-owned distribution, consignment and consignment. At the same time, the socialist transformation of private industry and commerce was basically completed in 1956, forming a unified market of socialist planned economy.
in p>1957, the total retail sales of social goods in China reached 24 million yuan, an increase of 86% over that in 1952.
during the "great leap forward" and "cultural revolution" in p>1958, the commercial system of state-owned commerce and supply and marketing cooperation in China was highly centralized, with unified contracting and exclusive operation, single circulation channel and several reductions in commercial outlets.
after the third plenary session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, the people's government reformed the circulation system, and the situation of exclusive business operation was gradually broken, and the commodity circulation pattern with multiple economic components, multiple commercial forms, multiple circulation channels, few links and diversification was gradually formed. While giving full play to the role of state-owned commerce and supply and marketing cooperative commerce, we will actively support collective and individual private businesses, and allow wholesale and retail to run concurrently, and purchase in depth and sell in distant markets. At the same time, actively open urban and rural fair trade, develop professional markets, increase the number of commercial outlets exponentially, individual and private businesses have sprung up, and market construction is in the ascendant.
in p>2111, the total retail sales of social consumer goods was 32.85 billion yuan.
in p>2113, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in the city reached 43.187 billion yuan, an increase of 14.1% over the previous year. The retail sales of consumer goods in cities and towns reached 37.414 billion yuan, up by 14.3%, including 13.12 billion yuan in urban areas, up by 14.5%, and 5.773 billion yuan in rural areas, up by 11.9%. The retail sales of wholesale and retail trade reached 37.987 billion yuan, up by 14.3%, and the retail sales of accommodation and catering industry reached 5.199 billion yuan, up by 11.9%. The diverse landforms in the territory, mainly in hilly areas, have obvious natural layout levels of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline and fishery, which has good conditions for developing three-dimensional agriculture. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, agricultural technology in the Central Plains was introduced into China. Tea was first produced in Jin Dynasty, and the earliest artificial Chinese fir forest appeared in Chengbu mountain area today. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the domestic grain production developed to "rice and millet re-ripening", and the cultivated land area increased continuously; At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the imperial court emphasized agriculture and reclaimed land. After the founding of the Republic of China, due to the shackles of feudal land relations, famine raged in the arid corridor of Heng Shao, and the influence of continuous war, agricultural cultivation in the territory was extensive, backward in technology, low in output and slow in development.
in p>1949, the total grain output was only 628,311 tons, and the total agricultural output value was 392 million yuan. The per capita grain output is 213 kilograms, and the per capita output value is only 126 yuan.
after the founding of new China, the * * * production party and the people's government of China quickly organized domestic farmers to carry out a large-scale land reform movement on the basis of levying grain to support them, suppressing bandits and resisting hegemony, and reducing rent and withdrawing mortgage, thus realizing a major social change of "land to the tiller", liberating productivity and rapidly recovering and developing agricultural production.
in p>1952, farmers began to organize mutual assistance and cooperation in China, and farmland capital construction centered on building water conservancy projects was carried out. Double cropping rice was planted in 1953.
in p>1956, 95. 6% of the farmers joined the advanced agricultural production cooperatives, and the farmers who had been "organized" relied on the collective strength to overcome the continuous drought in summer and autumn for more than 111 days, expand crops in autumn and winter, carry out diversified operations and survive the disaster year by themselves. The movement of agricultural mutual aid and cooperation shows obvious advantages in resisting natural disasters and developing production.
in the autumn of p>1958, all the high-level cooperatives in China merged into the people's commune, which was "the integration of politics and society" and implemented "militarization of organization, militancy of action and collectivization of life". This system of "one college student and two college students" is seriously divorced from the reality of rural productive forces. In addition, the prevailing high indicators, blind command, exaggerated style, special style of cadres and "* * *" have dampened the enthusiasm of the masses for production.
in the early 1961s, according to the policy of "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement" of the Central Committee, the "Left" mistakes in the period of "people's commune" were corrected, and the system of "three-level ownership and team-based" was implemented, and the rural economy in China gradually recovered.
from 1961s to 1971s, the domestic grain production changed from single-season rice to double-season rice, and then changed from high stalk to short stalk and conventional rice to hybrid rice.
after the third plenary session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, Shaoyang Prefecture and Municipal Committee of CPC Central Committee shifted their focus to economic construction, took the household contract responsibility system as a breakthrough, adjusted rural production relations, and gradually deepened the reform of rural economic system. Great changes have taken place in rural areas.
in p>1981, after the overall implementation of the contract responsibility system with the contract responsibility system as the main form, the contract responsibility systems for forest, water surface, animal husbandry, township enterprises, water conservancy management and plant protection were also introduced one after another.
in p>1983, the second step of rural reform centered on developing commodity production was carried out by reforming the system of unified purchase and distribution of agricultural products, and on the basis of stabilizing the contract responsibility system, the two-tier operation of collective economy was improved and diversified professional economic alliances were developed.
in p>1991, we gradually realized the transformation from a self-sufficient and semi-self-sufficient natural economy to a commodity economy, from a traditional and single grain-pig economy to a modern and multi-level comprehensive management economy, and the development of three-dimensional agriculture began to take shape.
in p>2111, the added value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery reached 21.76 billion yuan, an increase of 3.7%. The sown area of grain is 7.956 million mu, with a total output of 3.118 million tons, which has increased production for eight consecutive years. Academician Yuan Longping's super hybrid rice was tested in Longhui, creating a record of 926.6 kilograms per mu. Orange, fruits and vegetables, tobacco leaves, medicinal materials, pigs, beef cattle, goats, aquatic products and other planting and breeding industries have developed greatly. The number of agricultural products processing enterprises has grown to 4117, including 312 large-scale enterprises, with an increase of 16. Farmers' professional cooperative organizations have grown to 1,511. There are 248 certified products of organic food, green food and pollution-free agricultural products. Afforested 271,111 mu and the forest coverage rate increased to 57.6%.
in p>2113, the city's total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was 36.412 billion yuan, an increase of 2.8% over the previous year (comparable). The output value of planting industry was 21.444 billion yuan, up by 2.3%, the grain output reached 3,119,711 tons, down by 2.1% compared with the previous year, the total output of oil was 153,711 tons, up by 14.4%, the output of tobacco was 49,111 tons, up by 12.1%, and the total output of fruit was 751,111 tons, up by 8.8%. The output value of animal husbandry was 12.816 billion yuan, up by 2.9%. During the year, 9,559,811 pigs were slaughtered, up by 1.3%, the total output of meat was 784,211 tons, up by 2.7%, the output of eggs was 8,111 tons, up by 3.2%, and the output of milk was 42,811 tons, up by 6.1%. The output value of forestry was 1.563 billion yuan, up by 6.6%. The output value of fishery was 1.167 billion yuan, up by 5.7%, and the total output of aquatic products was 1.125 million tons, up by 5.8%. In the Western Han Dynasty, there were industries such as smelting copper and iron, firing pottery and bricks. In the Tang dynasty, there were workshops for gold and silver mining. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the paper industry and book engraving had a certain scale. In the Qing Dynasty, the engraving and book carving industry in Baoqing Fucheng was relatively prosperous. At the beginning of the Republic of China, domestic handicrafts continued to develop. In 2114 (1925), the lotus leaf vase carved by Zuo's orchestral chamber in Baoqing County won a silver medal in Panama World Expo.
In 2115, Baoqing Guangming Electric Light Co., Ltd., which was initiated by Liu Zhongwei, was completed and put into operation. It was the first industrial enterprise jointly run by government and businessmen in China, marking the germination of modern industry in Shaoyang.
On the eve of the founding of New China, due to hyperinflation, foreign goods flooded the market, individual handicrafts went bankrupt one after another, and private industries were in a state of depression.
After the founding of New China, as soon as the people's political power was established, they resumed production, successively nationalized Shaoyang rural industrial demonstration office and nine coal mines, set up state-owned Zijiang industrial and mining company, developed production, and actively assisted and reformed private enterprises and individual handicrafts.
in p>1957, there were 645 domestic industrial enterprises with a total industrial output value of 81.14 million yuan.
in p>1958, the Great Leap Forward movement was launched, and according to the spirit of "centering on steel and rapidly developing industry", steel and industry were greatly developed.
since the autumn of p>1965, the territory has been designated as a "third-line" construction area by the state, and 17 large and medium-sized enterprises and two industrial research institutes have successively designated Shaoyang. During this period, despite the interference and destruction of the "Cultural Revolution" movement, serious losses were caused. However, the scale of modern industry in China has initially taken shape, and industrial production is still developing in the turmoil.
Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, domestic industries have entered a period of steady development, and the reform and opening up have injected new vitality into industrial development. During this period, on the one hand, large-scale technological transformation was carried out on the original industrial enterprises to tap the potential for innovation; On the one hand, develop horizontal economic ties and develop industrial economy.
in p>1991, the regional economy dominated by traditional agriculture was transformed into the urban economy dominated by modern industry.
in 2111, the industrial added value reached 29.41 billion yuan, an increase of 22% over 2111.
in p>2113, the total output value of all industries was 174.198 billion yuan, up by 19.1% (at current prices), among which the output value of large-scale industries (with annual sales income exceeding 21 million yuan) was 146.972 billion yuan, up by 19.7%. The added value of large-scale industries was 41.467 billion yuan, up by 12.4%, among which the added value of state-owned enterprises was 1.417 billion yuan, up by 3.5%, that of joint-stock enterprises was 28.677 billion yuan, up by 14%, and that of foreign businessmen and enterprises from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan was 1.517 billion yuan, up by 11.1%. Large and medium-sized enterprises reached 14.114 billion yuan, an increase of 8.7%; Light industry was 16.952 billion yuan, up by 12.9%, and heavy industry was 24.516 billion yuan, up by 12.1%. Non-public scale industries realized an added value of 36.79 billion yuan, an increase of 12.9%; The added value of large-scale industries in provincial key parks was 16.286 billion yuan, an increase of 12.3%.