1. Status quo:

The protests in Egypt, which lasted for nearly a week, reached a climax on June 31th, the first anniversary of President Morsi's administration. A year ago, Mohamed Morsi, chairman of the Freedom and Justice Party under the Muslim Brotherhood, won the first democratic presidential election in Egypt after Mubarak stepped down and became the first non-military president in Egypt. On the first anniversary of Morsi's coming to power. Tens of thousands of Egyptians gathered in Tahrir Square in Cairo to hold a large-scale demonstration demanding that Egyptian President Morsi step down.

(1) Demonstrators believe that:

Morsi failed to achieve most of his campaign goals, and the overall political, economic and social environment in Egypt has not improved significantly. They claimed that they had won the signatures of 22 million people and supported the early general election.

Some media claimed that this was the largest protest demonstration by the Egyptian opposition since it overthrew Mubarak in 2111. The demonstrations were basically peaceful. According to Xinhua News Agency, armored vehicles were deployed in some areas around Cairo, important intersections and near the international airport, but there were almost no police officers on duty at the demonstration site.

(2) The headquarters of Mu Brotherhood was looted

At about 7 pm on June 31th, about 51 people attacked the headquarters of Mu Brotherhood, throwing petrol bombs at it, causing a fire. Members of the Muslim Brotherhood fought back and at least four besiegers died. Both sides said that the other side launched the attack first.

After a night of fierce fighting, on the morning of July 1, people once again poured into the headquarters of the Muslim Brotherhood, ransacking all the items left inside. People take away air conditioning parts, safes and filing cabinets, and people inside the building are also vying for things.

(3) 48-hour ultimatum from the military

General Sisi, the highest general of the Egyptian military and Minister of National Defense, read a statement on TV, saying that a 48-hour ultimatum was issued to the government, demanding that the protesters' demands be met, otherwise the army would take a "road map to the future" on its own.

Morsi said through the media and a spokesman that he was committed to "correcting his mistakes" but had no intention of resigning. Egypt's presidential palace says dialogue is the only option to solve the crisis. So far, five ministers and five members of the Mursi government have resigned.

On July 1, the organizer of the demonstration refused the invitation to dialogue, saying that 17: 11 local time (23: 11 Beijing time) was the "deadline" for Morsi to step down.

Second, the direct reason

The people didn't see the signs of the country getting better

Egypt can be said to be the worst period in history: the Egyptian people didn't see any signs of the country getting better after one year of Morsi's administration, and they were extremely dissatisfied with the status quo and lost their patience. During the year, there were constant internal riots in Egypt. People are suffering from fiscal deficit, inflation and high unemployment rate, and the funds for public health care, education and projects to stimulate economic growth are very few. The government is helpless. Mursi's goals of improving people's livelihood during the campaign have not been fulfilled.

3. Deep-seated reasons

1. The opposition believes that:

In dealing with economic issues, Mursi and his staff are slow to respond, especially in dealing with the reduction of foreign exchange reserves and the fluctuation of the Egyptian pound. Although three finance ministers have been replaced within one year, the government's economic policy is still unclear.

The media criticized the Egyptian government for "spending a lot of energy to borrow foreign debts and attract investment, but not knowing how to use these things for projects that promote economic growth". At the same time, with the political turmoil, the troubles of people's daily life have intensified.

2. In fact, the current situation in Egypt cannot be entirely borne by Morsi, but there are many factors.

First of all, the revolution broke out in Egypt because the problems accumulated to the point where the people could no longer bear it. Many of the accumulated disadvantages were structural problems. For example, there was almost no national industry in Egypt, and it mainly relied on tourism and other industries. To solve these problems, it will not happen overnight. On the contrary, the political turmoil has caused capital flight, which has led to the depression of tourism and made Egypt's economy worse. This is the most fundamental reason and the most difficult to change.

Second, after Mubarak stepped down, Egypt is transforming into democracy. Different political forces compete with each other, which makes Egypt develop into political turmoil and chaos to a certain extent.

Third, the current situation in Egypt has something to do with Morsi's personal ruling style. After Mursi came to power, he greatly enhanced the strength of the Muslim Brotherhood. Egypt is a country with strong secularization power. Many people are very alert to the route of "Mu Brotherhood" promoted by Mursi, and it is even difficult to accept it. Mursi's approach has not been able to unite the factions well.