1, the content of environmental control standards.
Enacted environmental protection control standards generally include six aspects:
(1) Preamble
The basis for the development of standards: "Interim Provisions on the Management of Environmental Protection in the Import of Wastes"
The purpose of the development of standards: to control the import of raw materials due to the use of **** (name of the waste) entrained in the hazardous waste caused by environmental pollution.
(2) Scope
Specifies the requirements for the control of entrainment and radioactive contamination in a certain type of imported waste that has an impact on the environment. In addition to the three standards for waste electrical machinery, waste wire and cable, and waste hardware and electrical appliances, the specific names of the wastes to which the standard applies and their corresponding commodity H-S codes are further defined.
(3) Cited Standards
Lists the relevant standards that the standard needs to be cited when testing and judging whether the imported waste meets the environmental control standards.
①***The same three standards cited
GB 5085.3-1996 Hazardous Waste Identification Standards ------ Leaching Toxicity Identification
GB 8703-88 Radiation Protection Provisions (has been replaced by GB18871-2002)
GB/T 15555-1-15555-12- 1995 solid waste leaching toxicity determination method
GB5085.3 standard definition of leaching toxicity refers to the solid state of hazardous waste leaching in contact with water, in which the migration of hazardous substances transformed, polluting the environment, the toxicity of leaching hazardous substances.
Standard for organic mercury, mercury and its compounds, aluminum, cadmium, total chromium, hexavalent chromium, copper and its compounds, zinc and its compounds, beryllium and its compounds, barium and its compounds, nickel and its compounds, arsenic and its compounds, inorganic fluoride (excluding calcium fluoride), cyanide, and other hazardous constituents of the concentration of the maximum permissible concentration, and provides for a variety of hazardous constituents of the corresponding determination method,
GB/T 15555-1-155555-12-1995 standard is GB5085-3 standard for various hazardous components of the corresponding analytical methods. Such as total mercury determination of cold atomic absorption spectrophotometry, ammonium ferrous sulfate titration, copper, zinc, aluminum, cadmium determination of atomic absorption spectrophotometry and so on.
GB8703 standard is accompanied by radiation exposure of all practices and facilities for the siting, design, operation and decommissioning of the protection regulations.
②Some of the standards cited
GB16487-6-16487-11 standards are cited GB13015-91 PCB-containing waste pollution control standards.
Standard provisions:
Polychlorinated biphenyl-containing waste pollution control standard value --- PCB content of 50mg/kg
Disposal and temporary storage of PCB-containing waste --- Disposal: Safe Landfill technology and high-temperature incineration technology for disposal
Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the waste --- Quantification by gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography for confirmation test.
③ Individual references to standards
Each standard references the corresponding SN standards (test protocols) for each waste material
(4) Definitions
Normative definitions of terms and terminology involved in the standards.
① Definition of entrained waste, meaning the waste material mixed into the imported *** (waste name) in the process of collection and packaging and transportation (excluding the packaging of imported waste and other substances to be used in the transportation process). Entrainment is defined separately in the standard for waste ships.
② definition of waste plastics: plastic and plastic products produced in the processing of scraps, trimmings and residues and after processing and cleaning, the use of a single component of thermoplastic (flake, block, granular or powder).
③ Definition of non-bone waste impurities: bone attachments (e.g., muscle, muscle tibia, etc.) and bone other than imported bone waste.
(5) control standards and requirements
The import of waste materials prohibited entrainment and restriction of entrainment of various entrainment of waste materials for qualitative and quantitative provisions. This part is the main body of the standard, we are in the port of entry on-site inspection, to determine whether the imported waste materials in line with the environmental control requirements of the specific basis.
① imported waste materials radioactive material pollution control requirements:
The radioactive material pollution control of imported waste, the standards from different perspectives to consider the development of different restriction indicators.
Standards that should meet the requirements of GB8703-88 on the level of control of radioactive material pollution on the surface of the object: waste paper, scrap iron and steel, waste non-ferrous metals, waste motors, waste wires and cables, waste hardware and electrical appliances, waste ships.
Standards stipulating that the total beta specific activity value shall not be greater than 600Bq/kg: bone waste, smelting slag, wood waste, textile waste.
Provides that the value of external penetrating radiation shall not exceed three times the local natural background radiation value, the test value of the level of contamination of the α-surface shall not exceed 0.04 Bq/cm2, and the test value of the level of contamination of the β-surface shall not exceed 0.4 Bq/cm2 of the standard: waste plastics.
② entrainment requirements for imported waste materials
Although the control standards and requirements of the standards are not the same, but basically are divided into three levels of entrainment of imported wastes.
The first level: prohibited entrained wastes. It mainly includes:
The entrained waste whose concentration of hazardous substances in the leachate exceeds the value of the identification standard in "GB 5085-3-1996 Identification Standard for Hazardous Wastes--Toxicity Identification by Leaching".
Scrap metal (including metal-containing wastes) is prohibited to be mixed with entrained wastes whose PCB content exceeds the value of the control standards in GB 13015-91 Pollution Control Standards for Wastes Containing Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs).
Entrained wastes whose leachate PH value is equal to or greater than 12.5 and equal to or less than 2.
Prohibition of entrainment of radioactive waste.
The second level: strictly controlled entrained waste.
Strict control of the total weight of all types of entrained waste is generally controlled in its weight shall not exceed one ten thousandth of the weight of the batch of imported waste (waste paper or cardboard control in three ten thousandths). Its types include:
Clinical waste, pharmaceutical waste, waste medicines, pesticide and herbicide waste, flammable and explosive waste, asbestos waste, all kinds of liquid waste, toilet waste, kitchen waste, photographic material waste, airtight containers, used clothing and so on.
In waste metals and metal-containing wastes, strictly controlled entrainment also includes: incineration disposal residues, wastes containing beryllium, hexavalent chromium, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, antimony, tellurium, mercury, lead and other compounds, wastes containing fluorine, cyanide and phenol compounds.
It should be noted that the above in many standards is strictly controlled entrainment, in some standards also belong to the prohibition of mixing, such as in the environmental control standards for waste plastics, clinical waste, pharmaceutical waste and explosive waste is prohibited entrainment.
The third level: general control of entrained waste.
General control of entrained waste is a kind of waste in the utilization process can not be directly used in other entrained waste, such as waste paper entrained in waste wood, waste metal, waste fabrics, waste glass, waste plastics and waste slag, etc.; scrap iron and steel entrained in waste wood, waste paper, waste fabrics, waste glass, waste plastics, slag, stripping rust, etc.; waste plastics entrained in waste wood, waste metal, waste fabrics, waste glass, thermosetting plastics, composite plastics, and so on. glass, thermosetting plastics, composite plastics, dirt and sand, etc.
Because of the hazardous degree of environmental impact of various wastes is different, environmental control standards for general control of entrained waste limit standards are not the same, the weight of the general control in the total weight of the goods between one thousandth and a few percent. Such as waste plastics control in 1 ‰, waste steel, waste motors, waste wire and cable control in 2%, waste paper or cardboard control for 2.5 %, waste non-ferrous metals, waste hardware and electrical appliances (GB16487.10 in the provisions of the country does not allow imports of the types of waste hardware and electrical appliances) control in 4%.
(6) test
Test and judgment of a variety of imported waste materials are in line with the listed control standards and requirements, as well as test and judgment based on and implementation of the relevant standards.
2, test procedures (i.e., industry standards) content.
Inspection protocols include both imported waste materials to meet the requirements of the environmental control standards for testing (including safety, health, environmental protection projects), but also includes the quality of the content of the test, such as imported iron and steel scrap categories, grades, shapes, sizes, weights and cleanliness of the test and judgment, the imported scrap metal in the metal content of the determination of the elements, etc.. Therefore, the inspection protocol also includes the quality inspection related sampling (sampling method, quantity), sample making, inspection method, calculation method of the test results and related formulas, as well as the determination of the test results and the disposal of unqualified and so on.
These contents of the test procedures on the line, in addition to environmental standards (2)-(6) in addition to the contents of the often more than two, that is: (6) the test results; (7) unqualified disposal.
Two, the relevant definitions and terminology
Standard for the nouns and terms involved in the normative definition. In the promulgated environmental control standards and inspection protocols appear in the terms and their definitions are mainly:
1, entrained waste: refers to the collection, packaging and transportation process mixed into some kind of imported waste of other waste materials, such as mixed into the import of waste plastics in the clinical waste, bathroom waste, kitchen waste, waste clothing, etc. not belong to the waste of plastics of other waste materials. However, the definition of entrained waste generally excludes packaging and other substances to be used in the transportation of imported waste of this kind (such as bags, wrapping, bundling with tape, cardboard, etc.).
This term appears most frequently and is defined in almost every standard.
2. Hazardous wastes are wastes with hazardous characteristics that are listed on the National Hazardous Substances Inventory or recognized as hazardous according to nationally specified criteria and methods for identifying hazardous wastes.
The so-called "hazardous characteristics" include toxicity, corrosiveness, chemical reactivity, infectiousness, explosiveness, flammability and other characteristics, and the above hazardous characteristics of the waste will cause harm to human health or the environment when the waste is not handled or disposed of properly.
3. Municipal waste refers to waste collected from households, hotels, restaurants, hospitals, stores, offices, etc., road and sidewalk litter and construction or debris waste.
Municipal garbage usually contains a large variety of materials such as: plastics, rubber, wood, paper, textiles, glass, metals, food, broken furniture and other items that have been damaged or discarded, but does not include (1) separate materials or items that have been sorted from the garbage; (2) industrial wastes: (3) waste medicines; and (4) medical wastes.
4. Solid waste refers to solid and semi-solid waste materials that pollute the environment and are generated during production and construction, daily life and other activities.
5, industrial solid waste, refers to solid waste generated in industry, transportation and other production activities.
6, medical waste, refers to the clinical, medical, pharmaceutical and other medical processes generated in the medical waste.
7, the definition of various specific imported waste names. There are some standards that define, such as waste plastics, but not every standard defines the imported waste to which it corresponds. Definition of the name of imported waste, mainly inspection protocols, including iron and steel scrap, wood scrap, cork waste, bone waste, non-bone waste, waste cotton, waste cotton yarn, waste ships, ship waste and so on.
Three, radioactive inspection
SN0570-1996 although the import of scrap metal radioactive contamination inspection protocol, but also applies to other waste materials radioactive inspection.
1, outside the irradiation through radiation dose equivalent rate (hereinafter referred to as the dose equivalent rate, unit: μSv/h), α-ray surface contamination level, β-ray surface contamination level (surface contamination level unit: Bq/㎝2) three indicators of imported scrap metal radioactivity test items.
2, radioactivity detector
Radioactivity detector should be in line with the "radiation protection with portable X, γ radiation dose rate meter and monitor" (GB/T 4835-1984) requirements.
Radioactivity detector must be measured, and according to the instrument instruction manual requirements for daily validation.
The radioactivity detector is operated in accordance with the requirements of the instruction manual, and there is a process of warming up and stabilizing the readings after powering on the instrument.
3, natural background radiation detection
Choose to represent the local environment radiation background state, no radioactive contamination of the flat ground at a certain 5 points as a measurement point. Radioactivity detector (probe) placed on the ground at a height of 0.5 meters, measuring the external radiation through the radiation to the air absorbed dose rate, once every 10 seconds, take the average of its 10 readings as the point of measurement, take the arithmetic average of the 5-point measurement value as the background level of environmental radiation in the place.
4, outside the carrying tool or bulk cargo surface inspection
The measurement of calibration of the radioactivity detector alarm point is set to: 3 times the background level of environmental radiation value; in the carrying tool (containers, carriages, etc.) outside the bulk of goods and as far as possible will be close to the portable detector inspection, for the channel-type radioactivity detector, the passage of the goods should be passed according to the instrument required by the passage of speed. Speed, as far as possible, at low speed. When the external irradiation through the radiation intensity exceeds the above limits, it is determined that the batch of scrap metal radioactivity exceeds the standard.
5, test
The initial inspection of scrap metal by inspection, shall be emptied or unloaded to the ground, bulk cargo flat, the height of the goods being inspected not more than 0.5 meters, according to the grid method of distribution of points, with direct measurement of external irradiation penetrating radiation dose equivalence and α, β-ray surface contamination level value.
5.1 Layout
Smaller than 30 tons of test batch, with a vertical 2 horizontal 3 grid layout method of laying out the points, in the grid 6 intersection measurement.
Smaller than 60 tons of inspection lot, with vertical 3 horizontal 3 grid layout method, measured at the grid 9 intersections
More than 60 tons of inspection lot, with grid layout method, the number of grid intersections as follows:
S = √N/2
Square: S - the number of grid intersections;
N -Weight of the inspection lot.
5.2 Measurement of the dose equivalent rate of external radiation penetrating radiation
In the intersection of the cloth point after the radioactivity detection, the instrument probe from the surface of the goods being inspected not more than 0.5 meters, each point is detected every 10 seconds *** detection of five values, the arithmetic average of the five test results for the point of external radiation penetrating radiation dose equivalent rate, when any point of the dose equivalent rate of more than three times the value of the background level of the environment, the dose equivalent rate of environmental radiation, the dose dose equivalent rate of more than three times the value of the background level. When the dose equivalent rate at any point exceeds the environmental radiation background level value of 3 times, the shipment is judged to be radioactive exceeds the standard.
5.3 α, β-ray surface contamination level detection
α, β-ray surface contamination level detection can be synchronized with the external irradiation dose equivalent rate of radiation through the measurement, can also be detected separately. Layout and detection points are consistent with 4.4.1.
Measuring the α radioactive material contamination, the probe is not more than 20mm away from the surface of the object to be measured for detection, when there is an anomaly, the probe is not more than 5mm away from the anomaly and the anomaly as the center of the 300㎝2 range of detection of the 5 points, the probe moves in the contaminated surface at the same speed as the instrument used for the same requirements, the interval of each measurement is 10 seconds, take the arithmetic average of the detection value of the 5 points as the point α The arithmetic average of the detection value of the five points is taken as the α surface contamination level of the point, and when the α surface contamination level of any one point exceeds 0.04Bq/㎝2, it is judged that the batch of scrap metal exceeds the radioactivity standard.
When measuring β radioactive material contamination, the probe is not more than 50mm away from the surface of the object to be measured, and when there is an anomaly, the probe is 25-50mm away from the anomaly, and 5 points are detected in the range of 300㎝2 centered at the anomaly, and the speed of the probe moving on the contaminated surface is the same as that required for the instrument, and the interval between each measurement is 10 seconds, and the arithmetic average of the 5 detection values is the β surface contamination level of that point. The arithmetic average of the detection value of the five points is taken as the β surface contamination level of the point, and when the β surface contamination level of any point exceeds 0.4Bq/㎝2, it is judged that the batch of scrap metal exceeds the radioactivity standard.
For the inspected scrap metal contains the materials that are easy to produce shielding such as pipe fittings or containers, the influence of shielding should be minimized during the inspection, and the inside of the pipe fittings or containers should be inspected as far as possible.
6, the determination of test results
External irradiation through the maximum limit of radiation dose equivalent rate: 3 times the value of the background level of environmental radiation in the place.
Alpha-ray surface contamination level maximum limit: 0.04Bq/㎝2
Beta-ray surface contamination level maximum limit: 0.4Bq/㎝2
When any one of the above three indexes exceeds the standard, it is ruled that the batch of imported scrap metal radioactivity exceeds the standard
This batch of imported scrap metal radioactivity exceeds the standard
This batch of imported scrap metal radioactivity exceeds the standard.