The world

The world's top ten most classic battles

One, Huaihai Battle

Time: the fall of 1948.

Location: Xuzhou as the center, from Haizhou in Jiangsu Province (now Lianyungang) in the east, west to Shangqiu in Henan Province, north to Lincheng in Shandong Province (now Xuecheng), and south to the Huaihe River in the vast area.

Brief description of the battle:

The Battle of Huaihai was called the "Battle of Xu-Beng" by the Kuomintang. Chiang Kai-shek, in order to prevent the PLA from attacking Nanjing, deployed 600,000 troops in the Yellow River and Huaihai region, which were later reinforced to 800,000, while the PLA's total strength was only 600,000. from November 22 to January 20 of the following year, the Nationalist Huang Botao Corps, Huang Wei Corps, and Du Yuming's group were wiped out one by one. Thus, the Battle of Huaihai, in which fewer troops won than many, ended with a complete victory of the PLA. The Battle of Huaihai is the most tragic sacrifice, the largest number of enemy annihilation, the largest political impact and the most complex style of war among the three major liberation battles, which made the Kuomintang's elite main force on the southern front lose all its strength, and liberated a vast area north of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and at the same time laid the foundation for the PLA's crossing the river.

Materials:

During the campaign, the East China Bureau of the C*** Central Committee, the Central Plains Bureau and the Jiluyu Branch made every effort to organize support for the front. According to statistics, the front-supporting civilian laborers (including civilian laborers with the army, second-line transit civilian laborers and temporary civilian laborers in the rear)*** 5.43 million people, 206,000 stretcher, 881,000 vehicles of all sizes, 305,000 picks, 767,000 heads of livestock, 8,539 boats, 257 automobiles, transported 7.3 million kilograms of ammunition from the rear to the front line, and 480 million kilograms of grain, and transferred more than 110,000 wounded from the front line to the rear. More than 110,000 wounded were transferred from the front to the rear, which strongly guaranteed the needs of large-scale operations.

The Battle of Verdun-Sa?me

Time: 1916

Location: Verdun, France

Battle Brief:

Beginning of January, 1916, Faginheim quietly gathered troops to prepare for the attack on Verdun, at the same time, the German army blatantly increased its troops to Chambeni, making a gesture of launching an offensive at Chambeni. Chambeny to launch an offensive. The French commander-in-chief, Chaffee, was indeed fooled. Since 1914, when the Germans were unable to capture Verdun and shifted the direction of attack, the French thought that the Verdun fortress had become obsolete, and Chaffee stopped reinforcing the fortress in 1915. At this time, the movement of the German army to Chambényi made Chaffee unusually alert, he thought the Germans would attack Chambényi, and then march into Paris from here.

The Germans were continuing to quietly build up their forces towards Verdun. As signs of the buildup became clearer and more exposed, the British and French allied forces finally figured out the true intentions of the Germans. Xia Fei panicked, and quickly ordered more troops to Verdun. By February 21, only two divisions had arrived at Verdun. And on this day, the Germans began to attack Verdun. German artillery regiments bombarded the Verdun fortress with heavy artillery fire and then launched a charge.

The Battle of Verdun kicked off. The 1,000 German artillery pieces boomed like thunder, and the rounds of the charge came in waves. Verdun Verdun Battle of the Fortress Commander Pétain commanded the defenders and reinforcements came to the army desperately resist. But because the reinforcements only arrived two divisions, together with his own two divisions, the total **** only four divisions of troops, the first day was the German army advanced 6 kilometers. But it finally stabilized its position.

The fighting was grueling for the French. The Germans had 27 divisions and 1,000 guns, while the French had only 110,000 men and 270 guns. But at least they were able to hold off the German attack. After French reinforcements arrived, a tug-of-war began. The Germans did not take Verdun in the first day, has lost the war, both sides are to Verdun to increase the number of troops, set up a battle to the death. Fighting to April, the French army strength has been equal to the German army. The Germans were in a hurry, and were marched by the Crown Prince himself, and used gas bombs for the first time. But the French still stopped the German offensive again and again in front of the fortress. in July, the Germans launched a final offensive climax, but still held off by the French, and by the fall, the French began to counterattack.

The Battle of Verdun saw the Germans and the French commit nearly two million troops, with casualties***counting up to more than one million. The German army was exhausted in this battle. After the start of the French counter-offensive, recovered a large area of land to the east of Verdun one by one, the German army retreating. By 1917, the German and Austrian camps were increasingly weakened, and finally surrendered in 1918, the First World War then ended.

It is worth mentioning that the Battle of Verdun was the decisive battle and turning point of World War I. The German army failed to realize its plan to capture Verdun and encircle the southern road to Paris, and could no longer find a way out of the battle after exhausting its troops and eventually failed.

The Battle of Britain

Time: 1940-1941

Location: Britain and the English Channel

Battle brief:

The Battle of Britain was a large-scale air war waged by Nazi Germany against the United Kingdom during World War II (1940-1941). It was also the largest air battle of World War II. In addition to Britain and Germany, aircrews from countries including New Zealand, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Ireland, Jamaica, Sri Lanka, and Southern Rhodesia, which were also part of the Association of Great Britain, were also committed to the British Army; in particular, many European countries occupied by Nazi Germany, including Poland, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, and France, which had withdrawn to the British In particular, many European countries occupied by Nazi Germany, including Poland, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, France and other countries that had evacuated to Britain, also joined in the defense of Britain; it is worth mentioning that the United States, which was neutral at that time, also had volunteers who formed the "Eagle Squadrons" (EagleSquadrons) to fight side by side with Britain. Italy, also a member of the Axis, sent the "Air Corps" (CorpoAereoItaliano) to fight with the Luftwaffe.

The war ended with Germany's defeat on October 12, 1941. Due to the loss of too many fighters and pilots, the inability to gain control of the airspace in the English Channel, and the inability to use air attacks to disrupt the British ground and naval forces, Germany had to give up the invasion of the United Kingdom.

Previously, the German army customized the Sea Lion plan for the invasion of Britain in an attempt to first seize air power in order to destroy the British fortifications and the Royal Air Force. In the early stages of the battle, the main force of the Luftwaffe consisted of three air groups and 2,669 fighters and bombers, while Britain had only 1,200 fighters and bombers, with Germany holding a 2:1 advantage; however, in the later stages, the number of fighters continued to increase, with each side having about 4,000 aircraft. The British army at that time had advanced radar technology, so that the Germans were never able to seize control of the air.

Fourth, the Battle of El Alamein

Time: October 23, 1942 - November 3, 1942

Location: northern Africa, Egypt, El Alamein and other areas

Battle Brief:

The Battle of El Alamein, was the battle of the North African theater of the Second World War between the Axis German Commander Erwin Rommel, commanding the African Armored Armored Corps under the command of Axis German commander Erwin Rommel and the Commonwealth forces under British General Bernard Montgomery at El Alamein, Egypt, during World War II in the North African theater. The battle ended in victory for the British-led Allies.

This victory turned the tide in North Africa. The Allied victory at El Alamein dashed the hopes of Nazi Germany and the Kingdom of Italy to occupy Egypt, control the Suez Canal, and take possession of the strategically rich Middle East. The battle put an end to the Panzer Corps offensive, and after the battle, the Axis shifted to a strategic retreat in the North African theater. The Battle of El Alamein, along with the Battle of Stalingrad and the Battle of Guadeloupe, marked the beginning of the Allies' strategic counter-offensive.

In fact, Montgomery viewed the campaign as a war of attrition, as if it were WWI. He accurately predicted the duration of the battle and Allied losses. The Commonwealth forces used artillery support to perfection, but their armored units were still applying cavalry tactics, which allowed large numbers of tanks to pound the enemy over open ground with insufficient infantry accompaniment and air support, inflicting heavy casualties. The Commonwealth forces made only limited use of air support, but in contrast, the Luftwaffe and the Italian Air Force did little to support the ground forces at all, their energies being pooled in the air war.

The Allies won a brilliant victory. The Battle of El Alamein was the first major battle won by the Allies. Winston Churchill made his famous comment on the battle on November 10, 1942: "This battle is not the end of the war, or even the beginning of the closing phase of the war, but probably the end of the beginning phase of the war. This was Montgomery's most glorious achievement, and he was knighted with the title "Viscount Montgomery of Alamein".

And Rommel withdrew all the way to the Tunisian heights, where his troops were replenished with men and equipment. That support would have been useful if it had been delivered at the Battle of El Alamein. Rommel was faced with a two-front war, with Commonwealth forces pursuing his troops from the east, and American forces inching closer in the west. The idea of defeating the Axis forces with a small battle was abandoned due to a mistake made by inexperienced American troops at the Battle of the Kathleen Trail. That mistake made the Tunisian campaign a long and difficult battle.

It was not until after the Battle of Tunis that Rommel lost all hope of winning in the North African theater. Even so, the Battle of El Alamein was a brilliant victory for the Allies and became a decisive battle. By 1943, all Axis forces had been expelled from the African theater, and the Allies had begun to gather their attention to the Mediterranean.

Fifth, the second battle of the war against the United States and North Korea

Time: dusk of November 25, 1950

Location: North Korea

Battle brief:

After the end of the first battle of the war against the United States and North Korea, the United Nations forces launched a general offensive on two fronts, the east and the west. The Chinese Volunteer Army lured the enemy deep into the country and attacked at dusk on Nov. 25, 1950, and the enemy was defeated. on Dec. 3, the UN forces retreated in the direction south of the 38th parallel.

On Dec. 6, the Chinese Volunteer Army recaptured Pyongyang. On the other hand, the 9th Corps of the Eastern Front launched an offensive in the Jangjin Lake area, and by December 24th, the volunteers recaptured Wonsan and Heungnam. Thus, the second campaign ended with a great victory for the volunteers. The victory not only recaptured all the enemy-occupied areas north of the 38th parallel (except Xiangyang), but also liberated the two peninsulas of Yan'an and Jungjin to the south of the 38th parallel, fundamentally reversing the war situation on the Korean Peninsula.

Sixth: Battle of Midway Island

Time: June 1942

Location: Central Pacific Ocean

Brief description of the Battle:

Midway Island is the halfway point of the Pacific Ocean route, and an important military base and transportation hub for the U.S. military in the Pacific Ocean region.

On June 4th, 1942, the U.S. Navy successfully repelled an attack by the Japanese Navy on Midway Island Atoll. Midway Atoll, the Japanese were defeated, and the U.S. sunk four heavy Japanese main carriers at the cost of losing one carrier. The U.S. Army achieved an initial victory in this battle to turn the tide in the Pacific, ending the Japanese Navy's long offensive and restoring the balance of naval power in the Pacific, causing Japan to gradually lose the strategic initiative in the Pacific Theater, and the tide of the battle took a turn in favor of the Allied Forces.

During the Battle of Midway, 1 Japanese heavy cruiser was sinking after being hit by American carrier planes (it sank to the bottom of the sea on June 6, 1942.) On June 3, Lt. Gen. Shukuro Hosokayu led the Northern Formation (2 aircraft carriers, 82 carrier planes, and 29 other combatant ships) in a surprise attack on Dutch Harbor, in the Aleutian Islands.

In the early morning of the 4th, Vice Admiral Tadayoshi Nagumo led the 1st maneuvering formation (4 aircraft carriers, 260 aircraft carriers, 17 other combat ships) to 240 nautical miles northwest of Midway Island, and at 4:30 a.m., dispatched the first wave of 108 aircraft to Midway Island. U.S. forces on the island issued an alert, and the planes rose to meet the enemy, starting a fierce battle. Japanese bombers attacked the airfield, destroying some ground facilities. The airfield runway was not destroyed because the island's defenses had been strengthened. During this period, Nagumo's maneuvering formations were repeatedly reconnoitered, harassed, and attacked by U.S. shore-based aircraft. Nagumo then decided to attack Midway again.

At 0715 hours, the U.S. shore-based torpedo planes ended their attack, but Nagumo ordered the second wave of planes, which had already mounted torpedoes in preparation for the attack on the U.S. carriers, to modify their bombs to attack Midway. at 0728 hours, Japanese reconnaissance planes reported that they had spotted the U.S. fleet.

At this time, the U.S. task force in the waters northeast of Midway Island is approaching the Japanese motorized formation, and has sent the first and second wave of more than 200 aircraft 8:20 pm, the Japanese reconnaissance planes reported that the U.S. fleet seems to have an aircraft carrier. Nagumo then ordered the first wave of planes attacking Midway and fighters on air combat patrol to return, then led the fleet north to avoid attack and redeployed to attack the enemy fleet.

VII. The Battle of Stalingrad

Time: July 17, 1942-February 2, 1943

Location: Volga Valley, Soviet Union, area near Stalingrad

Battle in brief:

Stalingrad was an important transportation location in the central part of the Soviet Union to the important economic regions in the south, and the Germans were attempting to to occupy it in order to cut off strategic supply lines for the Soviet Army.On July 17, 1942, the battle for the Soviet-German battlefield was fought.

On September 13, the Germans attacked the city, but the offensive was slightly weakened.

On November 19, the Soviets counter-attacked, using the most advanced Katyusha rockets at the time.

After a two-month phase of stalemate, the Germans surrendered. The Battle of Stalingrad put an end to the offensive situation maintained by the German Southern Cluster since 1941, and directly caused a fundamental change in the overall ratio of power between the Soviet Union and Germany, which became the turning point of the eastern front of the Second World War.

Stalingrad was once the transportation throat from the central region of the Soviet Union to the economically important region in the south, and its strategic location was extremely important. If the Germans captured Stalingrad and the Caucasus, they could attack Moscow to the north and exit the Persian Gulf to the south. West and south of Stalingrad are the main production areas of grain, coal and oil in the Soviet Union. Had the Germans occupied this area, the Soviet Union would have been deprived of vital resources needed for the war effort.

The Battle of Stalingrad was Nazi Germany's worst defeat in terms of strategic scope, not only ending the offensive position held by Germany's southern cluster since 1941, but also directly causing a fundamental change in the overall Soviet-German balance of power.

The Battle of Stalingrad was a turning point on the eastern front of World War II, and in terms of casualty figures alone, it was also the bloodiest battle in modern history, with casualties on both sides estimated at more than 2,000,000, and with more people involved in the battle than any other in history, and known for its disregard for the distinction between military and civilian casualties on both sides.

Eighth, the Normandy landings

Time: June 6, 1944

Location: Normandy, northern France

Battle brief:

June 6, 1944, the British and American troops as the main Allied advance troops took the lead in marching across the English Channel from the United Kingdom and landed on the beaches of Normandy; since then, 2.88 million After that, 2.88 million Allied troops poured into France like a tidal wave, successfully opening up a second battlefield on the European continent. The Normandy landings, codenamed "Operation Overlord", was the largest and longest landings during World War II, and its victory announced the opening of the second battlefield of the Allied Forces on the European continent, which meant that Nazi Germany was caught in a two-sided war, alleviating the pressure of the Soviet Army, and collaborating with the Soviet Army to conquer Berlin, and the U.S. Army could put their main forces into the Pacific Ocean to fight against Japan, speeding up the process of the war against Japan. Pacific Ocean in an all-out war against Japan, hastening the end of World War II.

9. Gulf War

Time: August 2, 1990-February 28, 1991

Location: Persian Gulf

Battle Brief:

The Gulf War was a large-scale armed conflict in 1990-1991 against Iraq by the U.S.-led Coalition Forces, aimed at restoring Kuwait's sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity and restoring its legitimate regime. territorial integrity of Kuwait and the restoration of its legitimate regime.

On February 27, 1991, the United States declared the end of the war for the liberation of Kuwait and a cease-fire at midnight on that day, which Iraq eventually accepted in April. In this war, the U.S. military used a large number of high-tech weapons, demonstrated overwhelming armed forces, for the modern military strategy, battle tactics and army construction and other issues brought numerous revelations, has an important influence, and through this the U.S. in the international arena and greatly enhanced the status of the United States.

It is worth mentioning that the direct economic losses caused by the Gulf War to Iraq amounted to about two hundred billion dollars. In the U.S. air strikes on Iraq, the focus was on bombing some oil industries, transportation and other infrastructure and some important military targets, which brought a heavy blow to the economic construction of Iraq in the future. Militarily, the Iraqi army lost more than two-thirds of its overall combat capability in the Gulf War, in which more than forty divisions were destroyed. Casualties amounted to eighty-five to one hundred thousand. The Iraqi navy was completely destroyed in the war.

Before the outbreak of the Gulf War, Iraq's rich oil and natural gas resources made its economic development in the Middle East region in the middle and upper level, with a per capita gross national product of nearly four thousand dollars. After the Gulf War ended in 1991, Iraq's GDP was only one-third of what it was before the war, with per capita income falling to less than four hundred dollars.

The entire NATO*** flew 38,000 top-ranked aircraft sorties, launching and dropping about 23,000 bombs and missiles, of which precision-guided weapons accounted for 35 percent. Kosovo air war is an extremely typical aviation and missile campaign, is a high-tech to low-tech "asymmetric warfare", is an important end of the 20th century a wide range of high-tech modern local war, the modern international strategic pattern and the development of military doctrine has an important impact.

Tenth, Kosovo air war

Time: 1999

Location: the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

Battle brief:

In order to incorporate the Balkan region into the Western strategic system, the U.S.-led NATO launched a large-scale air war on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, code-named "Coalition Forces", which began in 1999. The massive air campaign, which lasted from March 24 to June 10, 1999, resulted in zero combat casualties on the NATO side, but heavy losses for Yugoslavia.