I. Purpose and methods of investigation and research

In order to actively implement the strategy of harmonious aging, effectively implement the service concept of Scientific Outlook on Development and "people-oriented, solving difficulties for the people", and effectively solve the demand for old-age services, Changzhou Civil Affairs Bureau and Changzhou Office for Ageing organized a large-scale survey on the demand for urban old-age services from March this year. The survey takes the form of real-name questionnaire, and uses the information platform of civil affairs and aging to make a summary analysis, and extracts 11184 elderly people from urban hukou in a certain proportion. In terms of regional distribution, there are 2,311 people in Wujin District, 1,155 people in Xinbei District, 3,218 people in Tianning District, 2,711 people in Zhonglou District and 711 people in Qishuyan District. In terms of gender ratio, men account for 49.53% and women account for 51.47%; In terms of age structure, the elderly aged 61-69 account for 35.99%, those aged 71-79 account for 51.74%, and those over 81 account for 12.27%. Thereby effectively ensuring the scientific nature of the investigation. The main contents include the needs of the elderly in dining, day care services and spiritual care. The whole investigation went through three stages: preparation, implementation and summary, which lasted for two months.

This survey strictly follows the requirements of the community access system, and implements the principle that the fees will be transferred with the events. Each district will issue the Questionnaire on the Demand for Old-age Services in Changzhou City according to the number of elderly people surveyed by sampling, which will be filled in by specific community organizations, and the collected information will be entered into the online reporting system, which will be summarized and analyzed by the community information platform. During the whole investigation process, community cadres were conscientious and responsible. Some of them used Sunday and evening to go deep into the elderly to patiently investigate, and then reported the questionnaire one by one. Once mistakes were found and corrected in time, the questionnaire recovery rate reached 111%. An obvious feature of this survey is that real-name registration system is used to fill in the form, so as to prevent the phenomenon of making false reports, and facilitate future spot checks, thus ensuring the authenticity and reliability of this survey.

Based on the survey of the demand for old-age services in urban areas, the demand for home-based care, community dining and day-care services has been basically found out, which provides a decision-making basis for further research and improvement of the policy of the old-age service system, increasing investment in facilities for the elderly and developing old-age services in our city.

second, the basic situation of the questionnaire survey on the needs of the elderly in urban areas

(1) the basic situation of the elderly

1. The education level is low

Among the 11184 elderly people surveyed, illiteracy and primary school education accounted for 11.57% and 31.85% respectively, while junior high school, technical secondary school and high school education accounted for 29.64% and 8.8% respectively.

more than 2.63% of the elderly are "empty nesters"

From the perspective of living style, among the elderly surveyed, the elderly who live alone and with their spouses account for 11.38% and 52.49% respectively, and the elderly who live with their children or grandchildren account for 35.17%, and the phenomenon of "empty nesters" among the elderly is becoming more and more serious.

3. Physical condition and self-care status

Among the surveyed elderly people, 32.53% are healthy or average, 35.98% are chronically ill, and 27.61% and 3.89% are seriously ill (see Figure 2), indicating that the physical condition of the elderly in our city is generally in a good state. 87.98% can take care of themselves completely, 11.26% are semi-self-care, 1.76% can't take care of themselves, and the majority of the elderly have the ability to take care of themselves.

4. Spouses and children

Among the elderly people surveyed, 74.21% have surviving spouses, 24.26% have absent spouses and 1.53% have no spouses. From the number of elderly children, those with 1, 2 and 3 children accounted for 14.75%, 37.51% and 26.88% respectively, ranking the top three, those with 4 and 5 or more children accounted for 12.22%,

7.32%, and those without children accounted for 1.33% (see Figure 3). At present, the elderly with many children are still in the majority, but they have obviously shown a decreasing trend. Although the elderly with only children are still in the minority, they are also obviously showing an increasing trend, and the trend of family miniaturization is irreversible.

jobs before the age of 5.61

According to the jobs of the surveyed elderly before the age of 61, 21.72% are cadres, 43.17% are workers, 21.82% are farmers, 6.88% are scientific and technological personnel, 2.21% are freelancers, 1.91% are soldiers and 2.97% are soldiers.

6. Monthly economic income

From the perspective of economic income, the monthly income below 511 yuan, 511-1111 yuan and 1111-1511 yuan accounted for 21.13%, 12.88% and 36.25% respectively, and the monthly income above 1511- yuan and 9.11% respectively. It can be seen that the economic income of most elderly people is low.

7. sources of old-age pension

there are 3,151 people who choose retirement pension as the main source of old-age pension, and children's allowance and minimum living allowance are also important sources of income for the elderly.

(II) The most urgent needs of the elderly

1. Spiritual support is the most needed

The survey found that the elderly have a strong demand for spiritual support, and 41.44% of the people need to solve the problem most now. With the development of economy and society, the gradual expansion of social endowment insurance and the increasing economic support ability of children, the material quality of life of the elderly is basically guaranteed. But the happiness of life is not only the satisfaction of material life, but also the enjoyment of spirit. According to this survey, old people are more eager for emotional care and spiritual enrichment.

2. Domestic service market

The survey shows that 29.97% of the elderly need domestic service most. Nowadays, with the accelerated pace of society, most children are busy with work, and there are many cases where they are not with their parents, so they have no time to take care of the lives of the elderly. Therefore, the demand for domestic service will be increasing, which will also promote the continuous expansion of the market for domestic service. We can speculate that the development of domestic market will play a certain role in solving the employment problem in the future.

(3) the demand for meal assistance service and day care service for the elderly

1. At present, the way of providing meals for the elderly

Among the elderly people surveyed, 21.73% think that eating is a problem, and 79.27% think that eating is not a problem. At present, 85.21% of them cook by themselves, children, part-time workers and full-time nannies account for 11.59%, 1.32% and 1.11% respectively, and those who help to eat in the community, join others, order fast food or go to restaurants account for 1.63%, 1.33% and 1.11% respectively, and other ways account for 1.81% (see It can be seen that at present, the majority of the elderly cook by themselves, which is consistent with the fact that 68.51% of the elderly are healthy or average, and 87.98% of the elderly can take care of themselves completely.

2. Investigation of community food aid points

In this survey, 37.86% of the elderly have heard of or know about community food aid points, and 62.14% have not heard of or don't know about them, which shows that the elderly are still relatively unfamiliar with community food aid points. After reading the introduction of community food aid points in the questionnaire, 4198 people chose to be provided with food aid points, accounting for 41.63% of the total survey. The number of people who participated in the survey only accounted for 5.142% of the total number of elderly people in urban areas. According to the survey proportion, 83,261 elderly people in urban areas are willing to accept food aid services, which shows that there is a large demand space for food aid points in our city. The old people's dining place is a place funded by the government and led by the community, which provides services such as meal preparation, delivery and centralized dining for the elderly in the community (the price is usually 5-15 yuan: 5-7 yuan for a Chinese meal and 11-15 yuan for three meals a day). At present, Xieqiao Lane Community in Tianning Street, Xixinqiao Home Care Service Station and Tianhuangtang Lane Home Care Service Station have provided dining services for the elderly. However, from the perspective of the whole city, the number of meals for the elderly is still very small. Generally speaking, there are still many elderly people who don't want to choose to eat at the snack bar. The main reasons are that 87.91% people can take care of themselves completely and 85.21% people usually cook by themselves, so there is no need to provide meals at the snack bar.

among the elderly people who are willing to be provided with meals by food aid points, 62.14% are convenient, 15.21% are cheap and good, and 22.76% are for other reasons. Among the elderly who don't want to be provided with meals by the snack bar, 23.69% don't like it, 21.36% don't like it, and 54.95% have other reasons.

3. Investigation on day-care centers for the elderly

Among the respondents, 33.26% of the elderly have heard of or know about day-care centers, while 66.74% have not, which shows that the elderly are not familiar with day-care centers. After reading the introduction of day-care centers in the questionnaire, 415 people chose to go to day-care centers, accounting for 4.12% of the total survey. According to the survey proportion, 8133 elderly people in urban areas must go to day-care centers. In addition, among the respondents, 5146 people will consider going to a day care center, which shows that the day care center in our city has certain development space. Day care centers, that is, "homes for the elderly", go to day care centers during the day and go home at night, just like children do. Old people can read books, read newspapers and chat, play cards and chess, or carry out other beneficial cultural and sports activities, and have meals in the day-care center. The advantage of the day-care center is that the fees are lower than those of the old-age care institutions, and the elderly who take care of themselves can provide care. Because the day care center can provide care for the elderly who are semi-self-care, it should be very attractive to the semi-self-care population of 11.26%.

among the elderly people who are willing to go to day-care centers, 47.66% are older and unattended, 24.31% are to meet spiritual and cultural needs, 22.81% are in poor health, and 5.24% are because the fees charged by day-care centers are lower than those charged by old-age institutions.

4. Volunteer service

In this survey, we found that 18.19% of the elderly are willing to help the day care center to do some volunteer service, 48.71% said that they can do a little occasionally, 26.13% were unwilling to do volunteer service, and 7.17% did not choose. In Haishu District, Ningbo City, there is a team of volunteers who provide services for elderly people with difficulties living alone. The content and time of their services can be saved like bank deposits, and they can withdraw their savings and enjoy services when they are old. The masses call it a "volunteer bank". The results of our survey show that there is a certain mass base for the "volunteer bank" in our city.

(IV) Survey on the form of providing for the aged

1. Home-based care is the first choice

The survey shows that 81.27% of the people are most willing to choose home-based care, 11.56% choose institutional care, 6.34% choose day-care centers for the elderly, and 1.83% choose none (see Figure 7). The contents of home-based care for the aged are mainly life care and rehabilitation care, and gradually expand to the field of spiritual comfort. The way of home-based care for the aged is mainly door-to-door case service, and at the same time, community day service institutions for the elderly are developed to provide comprehensive and centralized service care for the elderly. Home care service is a supplement and update to the traditional family care model, which is of great significance to solve the increasingly serious problem of care service and effectively improve the quality of life of the elderly. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a "home-based care for the aged" model suitable for the actual situation in our city. At present, there are 26 home-based care service centers and 93 home-based care service stations in the urban area, basically achieving full coverage of the home-based care service network. , the municipal and district finance * * * allocated 2.5 million yuan for pension service subsidies.

2. Grade of choosing an institution for the aged

Among the elderly who are willing to go to an institution for the aged, 511-811 yuan/month and 811-1211 yuan/month account for 58.31% and 31.52% respectively, while only 6.49% and 3.69% choose 1211-1511 yuan/month and 1511 yuan respectively.

(V) Children's spiritual support for the elderly

1. Most elderly people don't feel lonely, and more than 91% of their children are willing to chat with the elderly

The survey found that 81.97% of the elderly people don't feel lonely, and 19.13% of the elderly people who feel lonely prefer to chat with their relatives or friends. 91.91% of the children of the elderly are willing to chat with them and listen to their complaints, and only 9.19% of the children of the elderly are unwilling to chat with them. Do you think it is right to "give money to the elderly to feed and clothe them?" The correct, incomplete and incorrect choices in this question account for 15.11%, 64.51% and 21.48% respectively. It can be seen that children in our city pay more attention to talking with their parents and care for their parents spiritually.

2. Children's filial piety to the elderly

Among the elderly people surveyed, 57.66% think their children are filial, 39.88% think their children are filial, and only 1.83% think they are unfilial (see Figure 9). Children often visit 82.68%, accounting for the majority, only 9.53%, 1.66% and 3.82% come occasionally, only when they are sick, and only 1.35% children never visit the elderly. The results of this survey show that the filial piety of Changzhou children to the elderly is gratifying. However, 81.57% of the children who don't visit often are because their children are busy with work, 6.21% because their children are in other places, 1.88% because of conflicts and 11.35% because of other reasons. The main ways for children to care for the elderly are home visits and phone calls.

3. The relationship between the elderly and their grandchildren

According to the survey, among the elderly with grandchildren, 62.78% of them take care of the third generation for their children, while 37.22% don't, which shows that the elderly in our city are very caring for the third generation, so-called "separated parents". Moreover, the survey also shows that 68.37% and 29.51% of grandchildren often visit the elderly or sometimes, and 2.12% don't, which shows that the third generation is also very concerned about the elderly.

4. Activity places and activities for the elderly

Leisure squares and parks in residential areas are the main activity places for the elderly. Among the 9791 elderly people who usually exercise or participate in other recreational activities, 38.62% and 21.91% often go to community leisure squares and parks, respectively. The activities of the elderly are rich and colorful, mainly including watching TV, chatting with friends, reading books and newspapers, playing cards and playing mahjong, etc., and few people attend university studies for the elderly and travel abroad.

Third, countermeasures and suggestions to meet the needs of urban old-age services

(1) Caring for empty nesters and paying attention to spiritual support

The whole society should pay attention to solving the problem of empty nesters, and family members should be responsible and young.