The bathing culture in Ma 'anshan is a unique water culture, winning by service, which has a considerable popularity in Anhui and even East China. Many Nanjing people use their leisure time to experience the unique "water culture" in Ma 'anshan with their families.
The bath center in Ma 'anshan is very developed and unique compared with other cities in China. The bath center here is large-scale, high-grade, perfect in service, healthy and formal, and at the same time, the price is very reasonable. The bath industry attracts more than 5,111 employees, forming a "water culture" with unique local characteristics, and its popularity is well-known both inside and outside the province, attracting consumers from Jiangsu, Shanghai and other nearby areas to spend money. It can be seen that the bath industry in Maanshan is not generally developed, but quite prosperous. At the same time, it also promoted the development of local tourism, transportation, catering and other related industries.
Every holiday, private cars in Nanjing always flock to the parking lot. It is common for Nanjing people to take a family or friends to Ma 'anshan for leisure. "Invite you to take a bath" has become the mantra of Maanshan people to entertain friends; "Going to Ma 'anshan to take a bath" has become a leisure fashion for residents in cities around Ma 'anshan, such as Nanjing.
the so-called water culture is the sum total of material and spiritual wealth about how to know, use, manage, care for and appreciate water, which has accumulated over time in the historical development of human society. When it comes to water culture, we have to mention urban water culture. A city is a concentrated place of human civilization, and it is also a place where people who create civilization can live. Urban construction is an all-encompassing comprehensive system, covering economic and cultural factors such as geography, climate, industry and population development strategy. No matter how the city develops, water always comes first. The role of water in cities is all-round and consistent, but it can be summarized as follows: first, many cities were born naturally because of water, while those cities that were not born naturally considered the role of water in site selection, and water directly affected their style and layout in the process of city birth; Second, human beings live by water, accumulating a lot of water-related culture for the city, and they finally become a part of urban culture; Third, the hydrological status of the city determines the environmental status of the city to a great extent.
water culture plays an indispensable role in the process of urban formation and operation.
1 city creation and water culture
1.1 water culture of ancient cities in China The traditional concept of water in ancient China is that water is regarded as a thing with spirituality and humanity, and it represents the wisdom of heaven and earth. In the era of water transport, the links and economic exchanges between cities mainly depended on rivers. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Guangtong Canal, Tongji Canal, Jiangnan Canal and Yongji Canal were built, and finally the Sui and Tang Grand Canal was formed, which became the first system of canals in China's history to communicate with the whole country, greatly improving the level of water transport at that time and enhancing national strength.
According to the requirements of rational culture, the water bodies in ancient cities can be divided into the following categories:
a) Sacredness: the emperor came to yearn for immortals, and used water as a jade pool in Tianshan Mountain, which was arranged in imperial gardens and palaces, such as Jiankang Xuanwu Lake in the Southern Dynasties, Liudadutai Liquid Pool and Fuhai in the Qing Yuanmingyuan.
b) Intellectuality: that is, the "wise men enjoy water" advocated by writers, which regards water as a thing to cultivate sentiment, sometimes as a mirror or deliberately twists and turns, sometimes listening to the sound of water, sometimes watching fish and lotus; The water surface can be large or small, wide or narrow, curved or straight, poetic and picturesque, which is more common in gardening.
c) Spirituality: religious or geomantic concepts, such as the releasing pond and lotus pond in temples. In the planning of tombs, water is an extremely important spiritual thing. The so-called "the burials, taking advantage of anger, stop at the water" is based on the water (river).
d) Macroscopicity: use the magnificent scenery of natural water bodies to contrast cities or buildings. For example, Kunming Daguan Tower borrows "511-mile Dianchi Lake coming to the fundus", Yueyang Tower relies on Dongting Lake, and Yellow Crane Tower relies on the Yangtze River. This macro water culture requires buildings to be abrupt and imposing [1].
1.2 Ilir Sha Lining, an urbanite with a world-renowned water culture of modern cities in China, once said, "Let me look at your city, and I can tell what the residents in this city are pursuing culturally." This famous quote of his profoundly reveals that culture is the soul of a city, and that a city is the material carrier, the external embodiment and the solidified cultural form of culture, and what kind of culture there is echoes with it.
Most modern cities are established and developed on the basis of ancient towns. The development of the city is inseparable from water, and the development of the city also promotes the development of water culture. In the process of modern urban construction, people use their imagination to create various water-related facilities and landscapes, which can be seen everywhere. Such as artificial rivers, artificial lakes, rockery waterfalls, artificial fountains, artificial hot springs, hydrophilic platforms and so on. With the development of modern cities, more and more facilities are built, which is also a reflection of people's pursuit of more beautiful living environment and higher quality requirements. This artificial facility integrates practical and artistic functions and plays an important role in urban environmental beautification and garden construction. Aside from the practical function of fire fighting and sprinkler irrigation, people call the water facilities in the environmental construction that constitute urban beautification as urban waterscape. Traditional knowledge is that nothing is impossible without water. The natural waterscape formed in nature, such as Huangguoshu Waterfall, Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake, is a gift from heaven and will always be deeply loved and yearned for by human beings. People who live in cities are particularly fond of the water of life, but limited by the conditions of cities, they can only transplant or simply create different forms of water by artificial means to meet the innate tendency of human beings to enjoy water. Natural waterscape is nothing more than a special form of water, such as rivers, lakes and springs. Therefore, according to the different existing states and production methods of waterscapes, modern urban waterscapes can be divided into artificial rivers, artificial waterfalls, water curtain movies, fountains, hot springs, artificial wetlands and other categories. These waterscapes with high-tech water treatment integrated with human wisdom appear more and more frequently in modern cities, adding beautiful scenic lines to the urban environment.
urban water culture is composed of these natural or artificial water features, but the water features themselves do not have cultural characteristics. The so-called water culture is only when people set up waterscape with the help of the connotation of cultural thought or the concept of giving a certain cultural category. In the miniature transplantation of natural scenery, the survival demand is water culture: when dealing with water features, it is a Taoist culture of "Taoism is natural"; Waterscape imitates natural heritage and gives it a beautiful and poetic name, which is the accumulation of culture itself; If we can be ingenious and create a structure with a certain style, a certain geographical and cultural characteristics, it is art and culture. 2 The relationship between urban development and water culture. The ancient cities in China developed to a great extent by inland navigation, especially the Grand Canal, which cultivated a large number of famous towns. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Sui and Tang Grand Canal, which ran through the east and west, gave birth to a number of famous ancient capitals, such as Chang 'an, Luoyang, Bianliang, etc. After the Yuan Dynasty, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, which ran through the north and south, became more prosperous because of its connection with big cities such as Hangzhou, Nanjing and Beijing. At the same time, a large number of small and medium-sized cities closely related to it were formed along the canal, such as Yangzhou, Huai 'an, Xuzhou, Jining, Linqing and Tongzhou.
Water makes cities full of vitality, while water shortage makes cities decline. There were four famous towns in ancient China, namely Jingdezhen in Jiangxi along the Changjiang River, Foshan in Guangdong in the Pearl River Delta, Hankou in Hubei where the Yangtze River meets the Han River, and Zhuxian in Henan along the Yun River. Due to the development of water conservancy conditions and water culture, Hankou has already developed into one of the three towns in Wuhan, which is the thoroughfare of nine provinces, and entered the ranks of megacities in China. Foshan town has developed into Foshan city, becoming a large-scale light industry and ceramic base in China and a link of foreign trade; Jingdezhen is famous at home and abroad for its title of "porcelain capital"; Zhuxian Town was located in the land and water hub of the canal transit zone in the Northern Song Dynasty, and its unique geographical position made it a prosperous land and water terminal. Later, the canal was blocked for a long time, the water transportation was not smooth, the commerce and trade declined gradually, and the city lost its vitality and became a little-known desolate town [3]. It is even recorded in ancient books that there was once a Qinglong port in Shanghai, and there was a Qinglong town near the port. In the heyday of the Tang and Song Dynasties, the prosperity was almost equal to that of Suzhou and Hangzhou at that time, with 22 bridges and 36 squares, as well as 3 pavilions, 7 towers and 13 temples. Merchants and scholars gathered. Mei Shengyu, a poet in Beining, wrote the poem "Watching the Tide on the Sea in Qinglong": "A hundred rivers are standing on the water, but soon they are like a nose. The old fish went up and down without keeping watch, and the pavilion wept bitterly at Cangzhou. ..... "All this was later lost with the siltation and lack of water in Qinglong Port, leaving only a few relics for people to mourn and think-provoking.
The development and prosperity of modern cities also benefit from the development of water culture. "There is heaven above and Suzhou and Hangzhou below". Hangzhou is famous all over the world because of the West Lake. However, the famous beauty of the West Lake at home and abroad is also inseparable from its water culture. From ancient myths and legends to Su Shi's "If you want to compare the West Lake with the West Lake, it is always appropriate to wear thick makeup and light touch", the prosperity of the West Lake always has a profound water culture. Nowadays, Hangzhou has played the banner of "the capital of humanity" and "the capital of love", and has brought the humanities of the West Lake into full play. In addition, Hangzhou redeveloped the West Lake as a cultural foundation, resumed the West Lake Expo as a platform to attract investment, and built the West Lake brand through cultural and recreational activities such as fireworks and tea culture festivals. This is a perfect embodiment of owning and making good use of water culture. As the East Lake, which is also the pride of Wuhan people, it doesn't seem to make people think more, except that it is the largest lake in the city in China, the first batch of top 4A scenic spots in China, and the national famous scenic spots and its area is six times that of Hangzhou West Lake, so the evaluation of "East Lake is big, West Lake is famous" came into being. The annual tourist reception of East Lake is less than 1/11 of that of West Lake, and the tourism income is less than 1/6 of that of West Lake. Although East Lake in Wuhan has experienced more than 51 years of development and construction, there are still many unsatisfactory aspects in tourism landscape, facilities and transportation. Coupled with the deterioration of water quality, the lake was once occupied, the loss of resources and other issues, but also constantly plagued the development of East Lake. To develop East Lake, making a fuss about water culture should be one of its key points.
"Water can carry a boat, but it can also overturn it". The key is to understand and use water correctly and develop water culture. Dujiangyan, built by Li Bing, the prefect of Shu County, more than 2,211 years ago, ensured the irrigation of about 3 million mu of fertile land, making Chengdu Plain a "land of abundance" for drought and flood, and still plays an irreplaceable role, irrigating more than 666,711 hectares (more than 1 million mu) of fertile land. Dujiangyan city was established and developed because of this. Now, Qingcheng Mountain-Dujiangyan is listed in the World Heritage List by the UNESCO Heritage Committee.
From this point of view, the rise and fall of a city is closely related to water. Only by having water and using it scientifically and reasonably can the city develop well. Throughout history, no matter in foreign countries or China, areas rich in water resources have always been the most prosperous places in population and economy, and the famous Venice Water City is one of the typical ones. On the contrary, the population and economic capacity of areas lacking water resources are obviously inferior to the former.
the development and prosperity of cities should benefit from the development of water culture. However, with the rapid development of the city to a high level of civilization, there are also many problems in the construction of water culture. The survival and development of human beings can not be separated from water resources, and the survival and development of cities depends on water. The rapid development of cities must not be based on destroying water resources and water culture, which is like quenching thirst by drinking poison.
in recent years, the development of urban water culture has seen many new scenes. For a city, it is necessary to vigorously publicize water culture, raise the awareness of protecting and cherishing water of the whole people, create hydrophilic conditions and environment for residents, and promote the rational development and utilization of water; Actively create a good water cultural environment, prosper water cultural undertakings, carry out colorful water cultural activities, provide excellent water cultural facilities, and enhance the city's taste and level. It is necessary to carry out various water cultural activities such as water sports, water tourism and water recreation on the stage of urban waters; We should strengthen the protection and maintenance of existing urban flood control levees that protect water culture facilities, and actively build new water culture facilities such as water culture exhibition halls and aquariums in combination with the history of urban water culture; Actively develop parks along the river and waterfront squares, and build hydrophilic buildings, hydrophilic facilities and artistic sketches to make hydrophilic buildings one of the symbols of the city. All these measures are the perfect embodiment of combining water culture with urban development, and will play an important role in the good development of cities and urban water culture.
Another example is the Jingjiang levee of the Yangtze River, which not only protects Jingzhou, Shashi and other cities, but also becomes a beautiful scenery of these cities. Through the use of urban flood control levees and concession buffer zones, a three-dimensional space landscape with rich layers and scattered order is formed, and the transition and infiltration from river to urban space are completed to meet the public's hydrophilic needs. Hankou River Beach in Wuhan, through the strengthening of flood control works and the construction of waterfront landscape, can effectively prevent floods in flood season and provide a good place for citizens to relax and entertain on weekdays; The place that used to be messy and often hit by floods has now become the most beautiful landscape in Wuhan [5]!
Chenghuang Temple in Shanghai is a good place for business travel with a long history. For example, tourists of crucian carp stroll on the winding bridge, where they can watch water, fish and lotus, shop and swim leisurely. Shanghai is also launching a cultural tourism project with "water" as the core to build Zhujiajiao, an ancient city, into a leisure and ecological residence.
Zhujiajiao Town, located on the bank of Dianshan Lake, has a thousand-year history and profound water culture. After further development of water culture, it will surely show the historical water culture of Shanghai and the model of water town's unique features, ecological environment and harmony between people and water for thousands of years in front of tourists. At the same time, the Shanghai Water Affairs Bureau also put forward the idea of "developing the Pujiang River to drive the landscape water system", the core content of which is to echo the comprehensive development of Huangpu River and Suzhou River, highlight the hydrophilic and water culture in the urban area, and highlight the nature and ecology in the suburbs to create a landscape water system integrating landscape, leisure and sightseeing. Liwan Lake, Pantang Lake in Guangzhou, East Lake, Liuhua Lake, Yuexiu Lake, South Lake, Luhu Lake, Yuntai Garden, etc., which were artificially built after the 1951s and 1961s, are not too big, but all the facilities are complete, which are the embodiment of the combination of water and culture. They are good places for leisure and entertainment, and are favored by residents and tourists.
There are still many above-mentioned hydrophilic landscapes in China, which are of positive and far-reaching historical significance for excavating the connotation of urban culture and water culture, improving the overall taste of the city, adjusting the development layout of tourism and shaping the image of an international metropolis.
The development of constructed wetlands plays an increasingly important role in the development of urban water culture. The artificial wetland pond bed system of Chengdu Living Water Park was completed in early 1998. Living Water Park is a bright pearl in the process of comprehensive regulation of Funan River in Chengdu. It shows the international advanced sewage treatment technology of artificial wetland system, Chengdu people's long tradition of water control and high awareness of ecological environment protection, which is a high awareness embodiment of the development of urban water culture. What the living water park presents to people is the fact that the polluted lifeless "stagnant water" passes through the ecosystem composed of wetland units at all levels in the pond bed system and various high and low biological communities, and becomes vibrant "living water", which reflects the true connotation of the living water park [6]. outstanding