Liaoning is located in the northeast of China, bordering the vast Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea in the south, with a vast industrial hinterland, numerous coastal cities, dense ports and developed transportation. It is the only coastal province in northeast China and one of the earliest provinces that opened ports in modern China.

In the past 61 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Liaoning port and shipping people have held high the great flags of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development. Under the leadership of the provincial party committee and the provincial government, and under the specific guidance of the Ministry of Transport and the Department of Communications, they have made pioneering efforts, forged ahead and worked hard, and achieved earth-shaking and tremendous changes in the port and shipping industry. Sixty years of spring and autumn, full of hardships and struggles, success and joy, sixty years have cast the shining medal of Liaoning Port and Shipping! The port infrastructure construction is in full swing, with remarkable achievements, the functional structure constantly meets the demand, and the system reform continues to deepen; The water transport market is booming, the management mechanism is sound and perfect, and the industry has taken on a new look. Over the past 61 years, Liaoning Port and Shipping has become an important part of the province's transportation system by virtue of its unique geographical location, developed economic foundation and superior opening environment. Its comprehensive capacity has been rapidly improved, which has played an increasingly important leading role in the adjustment of Liaoning's industrial structure and the expansion of opening up, promoted the rapid development of Liaoning's economy, and made Liaoning a maritime gateway connecting the Northeast and Inner Mongolia's Dongsi League with the world.

Looking back for sixty years

History is a solidified reality, while reality is a flowing history. In the early days of liberation, Qingdao Port, which was left to New China, was a mess. In the more than 21 years before liberation, there was almost no port in Liaoning, and the waterway was never dredged. Larger ships will go in and out with the tide, and the 11,111-ton freighter can't leave the port with full load. The warehouse leaks rain and the wharf is in danger of collapse at any time, while the ships are still old junk boats and wooden boats.

in 1978, our party held the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee with great historical significance, which opened a new historical period of reform and opening up. Bathed in the spring breeze of reform and opening up, Liaoning Port and Shipping Company has reversed the long-term serious shortage of terminal capacity under the planned economy system, and the bottleneck of "pressing ships, ports and goods" that has long plagued economic development has been fundamentally solved. After the construction of the Eighth Five-Year Plan and the Ninth Five-Year Plan, it has achieved leap-forward development and achieved remarkable achievements. Especially during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Liaoning Port and Shipping Company seized the dual strategic opportunities of revitalizing the old industrial base in Northeast China and opening to the outside world, changed the single port production and ship transportation, and formed a port group with complete functions, reasonable layout, safety and reliability and a transport fleet with advanced technology, complete types, flexibility and efficiency, which provided the necessary transportation guarantee for the construction and development of the equipment manufacturing base and raw material industrial base in Northeast China. Liaoning Port and Shipping has become an important link between the Northeast and Bohai Rim regions, which account for 1/3 of the country's total economic output, connecting the two economic circles of the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, and the five continents and four oceans in the world.

remarkable achievements in port construction

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China 61 years ago, driven by strong transportation demand, Liaoning's port industry has maintained rapid growth for a long time. According to the data, the total coastal throughput in 1978 was less than 1,111 tons. With the revitalization and sustained high-speed growth of national economy and foreign trade, port construction and production increased year by year. By the end of 1985, there were 11 large, medium and small commercial ports and 139 wharves in the province, including 96 productive wharves and 26 11,111-ton berths. The total length of the wharf is 14,211m, and the cargo throughput of ports in the province is 45.7 million tons, 32 times that of 1949 and more than 4 times that of 1978.

During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, the total investment in port construction in the province was 2.413 billion yuan, and 26 new berths were built, including 17 berths above 11,111 tons and 3 container berths. The new handling capacity is 19.15 million tons and 851,111 TEUs, of which the local ports have completed an investment of 985 million yuan, built 11 new berths (51,111 tons) and increased the handling capacity by 6.55 million tons. By the end of 2111, there were 251 port berths in the province, an increase of 48% compared with the Eighth Five-Year Plan, including 81 deep-water berths, with a handling capacity of 111.12 million tons, an increase of 31% compared with the Eighth Five-Year Plan, including 64 local port berths (14 deep-water berths) with a handling capacity of 12.92 million tons. Port production has achieved steady and rapid growth. At the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, the port throughput reached 128 million tons, including 48.5 million tons of foreign trade, which was 55.7% and 17.2% higher than that during the Eighth Five-Year Plan.

in the new century, Liaoning's port development has taken off again. By 2112, there were 11 ports and 267 productive wharf berths in the whole province, which was 2.4 times higher than that in 1991, including 83 deep-water berths, which was 2.7 times higher than that in 1991. By the end of 2112, the port throughput was 161 million tons, including 51 million tons of foreign trade throughput and 1.6 million TEU of container throughput, which were 2.4 times, 1.3 times and 1.23 times higher than that in 1991, with an average annual increase of 7.5%, 2% and 49%. In 2111, the port throughput of Dalian Port exceeded the 111 million tons mark for the first time, and successfully achieved the 111 million tons leap, becoming the seventh international 111 million tons port in China.

in 2113, Liaoning port was paid more and more attention by the leaders of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council and strongly supported by the provincial party committee and government for its great and far-reaching economic significance, political significance and social influence. The promulgation of Document No.11 of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly puts forward that "Dalian will be built into an important international shipping center in Northeast Asia by making full use of the existing port conditions and advantages in Northeast China, giving Liaoning ports a good opportunity to reopen, speed up and develop again. In order to realize the strategic deployment of the State Council, the CPC Central Committee, as an international shipping center in Northeast Asia at an early date, the provincial party committee and government proposed to do it with the help of the whole province, which provided a strong boost for the development of Liaoning ports. By the end of 2113, the province had 273 production berths, including 88 berths of 11,111-ton class; The cargo throughput was 93 million tons and the container throughput was 2.2 million TEUs. Compared with 2112, it increased by 16.3% and 26.2% respectively. The coastal ports in Liaoning basically form a hierarchical port layout with Dalian Port and Yingkou Port as the main hub ports, dandong port Port and Jinzhou Port as regional important ports, and other small and medium-sized ports as supplements.

During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Liaoning Port, which has attracted much attention, bravely shouldered the heavy responsibility, adhered to economic development as the foundation, structural adjustment as the main line, reform and opening up and scientific and technological progress as the driving force, and capital investment as the guarantee. On the basis of the introduction of private capital by the national port industry, it actively explored and used stock listing, strengthened strategic cooperation with large port groups at home and abroad, and continuously increased infrastructure construction. Built the latest container terminal with the best operation efficiency in the whole country and even in Asia; World-advanced 311,111-ton crude oil terminal; The largest and most advanced 311,111-ton ore wharf in China; The largest modern grain specialized wharf in Asia; The international-level special wharf for ro-ro automobiles has perfect functions of container transportation of domestic and foreign trade, loading and unloading of crude oil, refined oil, iron ore, bulk grain, coal, bulk groceries, steel products, commercial automobiles, liquid chemicals, storage, transportation, service, ro-ro transportation and train ferry, which provides convenient and efficient services for Liaoning as an important equipment manufacturing base and raw material industrial base in China.

During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Liaoning ports were fully opened, which enabled Liaoning to establish trade and shipping exchanges with more than 161 countries and regions in the world, undertaking more than 71% of seaborne cargo, more than 81% of foreign trade transportation and more than 91% of container foreign trade transportation in Northeast China every year, which wrote a brilliant chapter for the rapid economic development of Liaoning and even the whole Northeast. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the port throughput of the whole province was 1.16 billion tons and the container throughput was 1.2 million TEUs, with an average annual increase of 31 million tons, which is equivalent to adding a medium-sized port every year. In 2116, the port throughput of the whole province was 351 million tons and the container throughput was 4.68 million TEUs. In 2118, the cargo throughput was 488 million tons, and the container throughput reached 7.44 million TEUs, which was nearly half of that during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, equivalent to the sum of the 22 years from 1978 to 2111. The throughput of Dalian Port broke through again on the basis of 211 million tons, and that of Yingkou Port exceeded 51 million tons.

The opening-up pattern of Liaoning Port, which is linked to the south and opened to the north, radiates to the international community, the function of the logistics park is becoming more and more perfect, and the "district-port linkage" is fully realized, which promotes the vigorous development of the port-facing industry. The petroleum, chemical, steel, large machinery, electronics and service industries in Liaoning occupy a prominent position in the country. With the development of world economic integration, Liaoning port has become an important strategic resource for Northeast China to participate in international competition, an infrastructure for revitalizing old industrial bases, and a window and bridge for developing export-oriented economy.

The shipping market is booming

Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the whole province has implemented the policy of opening up and invigorating, carried out the policy of developing coastal and ocean areas simultaneously, and put the central authorities, local authorities, collectives and individuals together, formed a multi-level and multi-style maritime transportation structure with strong adaptability, and gradually optimized the ship structure. Coastal freighters gradually replaced barges, and the tonnage of ships increased. The provincial party committee, provincial government and traffic management departments at all levels have changed the idea of "emphasizing land transport over water transport" and adopted a series of measures to strengthen water transport, develop local fleets, grant foreign exchange quotas, allow enterprises to purchase foreign second-hand ships with loans, and carry out transportation services for foreign trade import and export, thus creating a new situation in shipping. By the end of 1985, the province had 825 operating ships with a deadweight of 669,911 tons, with a cargo volume of 11.32 million tons and 27.219 billion ton-kilometers, and a passenger volume of 2.887 million passengers and 568.26 million person-kilometers.

with the further deepening of reform and opening up, the national economy has taken a significant turn for the better under the action of many measures such as "expanding domestic demand and increasing exports", which has brought huge logistics to water transportation and provided development opportunities for the development of our province's fleet. With the policy support of the Ministry of Communications and the Provincial Communications Department, the water transport enterprises in our province have entered a new stage of development. At the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, there were 415 water transport enterprises in our province, including 115 water transport enterprises (25 enterprises engaged in international maritime transport and 89 enterprises engaged in domestic coastal transport). It has 833 operating ships (including 631 freighters and 31 ro-ro passenger ships), with a deadweight of 1.35 million tons and 31,111 seats. There are 25 international shipping agencies, 8 wholly foreign-owned enterprises and branches, 143 foreign offices in our province and 298 domestic water transport service enterprises. At the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, the freight volume of the whole province reached 28 million tons, and the freight turnover was 51 billion tons kilometers, which were 112.8% and 74.2% respectively at the end of the Eighth Five-Year Plan (note: due to the adjustment of ship structure, many ocean-going vessels of COSCO Dalian Company were off-line, so the transportation distance was greatly reduced). Passenger traffic reached 6.5 million person-times, and passenger turnover was 1 million person-kilometers, up by 17.1% and 27% respectively compared with the end of the Eighth Five-Year Plan.

during the tenth five-year plan period, with the overall prosperity of the port, Liaoning shipping embarked on the road of rapid development. According to the data, at the end of 2112, there were 435 water transport enterprises in the province, with 1,752 ships operating, 35,861 seats and 1,593,475 dwt, which were 681%, 224%, 235% and 164% higher than those in 191, with average annual growth rates of 17.3%, 6.95%, 7.38% and respectively. The province's freight volume was 28 million tons, freight turnover was 54,227.2 million ton-kilometers, passenger traffic was 5.98 million, and passenger turnover was 753.33 million person-kilometers, increasing by 1.62%, 1.71%, 1.81% and 1.25% respectively compared with that in 1991, with average annual growth rates of 4.1%, 4.57%, 5.1% and 1.88% respectively.

During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Liaoning Shipping made great efforts to develop passenger ro-ro ships, domestic and foreign trade container ships, large bulk cargo ships and liquefied gas special ships, eliminated old ships and improved the capacity of single ships, forming a trapezoidal hierarchical distribution with reasonable ship age, with a total capacity of 3.24 million tons, equivalent to the Eighth Five-Year Plan. The shipping fleet with international competitiveness has built a shipping system with local characteristics, such as international oil transportation, Japan-South Korea offshore cargo transportation, refrigerated fresh transportation, domestic Bohai Bay passenger ro-ro transportation, refined oil transportation, container transportation and bulk cargo transportation, as well as a relatively complete international and domestic multimodal transport and logistics system, changing the situation of single and traditional planned economy. Thus, Liaoning will be closely connected with the coastal areas of China and the world, and the benign interaction of economic exchanges will be realized, which will meet the needs of regional economy and foreign trade development.

With the increasing scale and specialization of cargo ships, the brand of oil tanker transportation in China has been built with the putting into use of 311,111-ton super-large oil tankers, and passenger ships are becoming faster, more luxurious, more comfortable and more international. Four "Island" ro-ro passenger ships represent the highest level of maritime passenger transport in China, which has narrowed the distance between Liaodong Peninsula and Shandong Peninsula, making Bohai Bay, one of the four shipping hotspots, the largest passenger transport market in China. The opening of Daren, Yingren and Tanren routes has become a "green channel" to promote trade and cultural exchanges between China and South Korea. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the freight volume of waterway transportation was 196.23 million tons, the freight turnover was 559.9 billion tons kilometers, the passenger traffic was 31.6 million, and the passenger turnover was 4 billion person kilometers. In 2116, the province's waterway transportation completed a cargo volume of 73.13 million tons and a cargo turnover of 221 billion tons kilometers, up by 27.5% and 27% year-on-year; Passenger traffic was 7.22 million passengers and passenger turnover was 921 million person-kilometers.

Liaoning Shipping has established a fair, honest, convenient and efficient comprehensive service system, which has reached the international advanced level in customs clearance, overall operation, service management and technology application. Dalian Shipping Trading Market, established in 2112, took the lead in realizing the "one-stop" service and "one-net" transaction of port customs clearance and logistics development in the history of shipping transactions in China, integrating the inspection functions such as customs, inspection and quarantine, maritime affairs and border inspection, and the service functions such as information, finance, market transaction and logistics, greatly improving the import and export efficiency of goods trade. The standardized, unified and orderly shipping market has effectively promoted the internationalization, service logistics, digital management and system modernization of more than 1,211 water transport and auxiliary enterprises. Cosco, China Shipping and large shipping groups at home and abroad have accelerated the strategic cooperation process of Liaoning shipping, and the ocean shipping company, passenger ship co., Ltd. and shipping company established by them have become the backbone enterprises of Liaoning shipping. With the collectivization of large state-owned enterprises and the rapid development of private shipping economy, small and medium-sized enterprises have become increasingly large-scale and intensive, and individual water transport operators and shipping auxiliary enterprises have gradually realized standardized and enterprise-oriented operation. By the end of 2118, the proportion of private water transport enterprises in the province has reached more than 71%. Liaoning shipping, which is growing day by day, is in the region