Tea culture is an integral part of China's traditional excellent culture, and its content is very rich, involving science and technology education, culture and art, medical care, history and archaeology, economy and trade, catering and tourism, press and publication and other disciplines and industries, including tea monographs, tea periodicals, tea and poetry, tea and songs and dances, tea and novels, tea and art, tea and weddings, tea and sacrifices, tea and couplets, tea and tea.
The origin of the word "tea" was first seen in China's book Shennong Materia Medica, which is the oldest first medical book in the world. According to relevant experts' research, this book was written in the Warring States Period (5 BC-22 BC1year). Lu Yu, from the first to the Tang Dynasty in Cha Sheng, China, wrote the world's earliest tea monograph "Tea Classic" around 758 AD, systematically and comprehensively discussing the methods and experiences of tea planting, tea making, tea drinking and tea tasting. According to Lu Yu's Tea Classic, tea trees have been discovered and used in China for more than 4,700 years. During the Western Zhou Dynasty in China, tea was used as a sacrifice. In the Spring and Autumn Period, fresh tea leaves were used as food, and in the Warring States Period, tea was used as a medicine to treat diseases. In the Western Han Dynasty, tea had become one of the main commodities. During more than 300 years from the Three Kingdoms to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, especially in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Buddhism prevailed, and Buddhists used tea to relieve their drowsiness, so tea was widely planted in the valley next to the temple. Drinking tea promoted Buddhism, and Buddhism promoted the development of tea stoves, which is the source of the famous so-called "tea Buddha blindly" in history. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that tea was officially popularized to the people as a popular drink. Since ancient times, tea has been the bond of friendship between the Chinese and Japanese people. During the Tang Dynasty, Japanese monks first came to the Congress Temple in Tiantai Mountain, Zhejiang Province to study Buddhism. When they returned to China, they brought back tea seeds and planted them in He Zi County (now Chishang Tea Garden) in Japan. The tea spread to the central and southern parts of Japan. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Japanese Buddhist monk Rong Xi visited Tiantai, Siming and Tiantong twice. Song Xiaozong gave him the title of "Thousand Light Magician". Master Rongshan not only has profound Buddhist attainments, but also has a good knowledge of China tea. He has a book "Drinking Tea for Health", which is regarded as the ancestor of tea by the Japanese people. In the opening year of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Japanese Buddhist monk Zen Master came to Jingshan Temple in Zhejiang to study Buddhism. After returning home, he brought tea props and tea tables from Jingshan Temple, and spread the tea banquet and matcha method of Jingshan Temple to Japan, which inspired and promoted the rise of Japanese tea ceremony. In the Song Dynasty, Arab merchants settled in Quanzhou, Fujian to sell tea. When Zheng He went to the Western Ocean in the Ming Dynasty, tea was also sold to Southeast Asia and southern African countries. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Dutch merchant ships transported tea from Macau to Europe for the first time in 16 10, which opened the door for China tea to be sold to both sides. The earliest record of teahouses in China is Feng Ji, which was performed during the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty. Among them, "from Zou, Qi, Cang and Li, gradually to Jingyi, the city opened more shops, cooked tea and sold it, and did not ask the vulgar, but invested money and drank it". After the Tang and Song Dynasties, teahouses selling tea were set up in many places. In the Qing Dynasty, folk quyi entered the teahouse and became a place for cultural entertainment and rest. According to legend, the largest teahouse in China was the "Flower Tea Hall" in Sichuan, with three halls and four courtyards. Chengdu Teahouse has a big armchair, which is very comfortable for drinking tea, chatting or taking a nap. Our people have always had the habit of "inviting guests to offer tea", which fully embodies the civility and courtesy of the Chinese nation. In ancient times, Qi Shizu, Lu Na and others advocated replacing wine with tea. In the Tang Dynasty, Liu praised "tea" as ten virtues, and thought that drinking tea can not only strengthen the body, but also "respect people with tea", "make tea more attractive" and "make tea feasible". During the Tang and Song Dynasties, many literati, such as Bai Juyi, Li Bai, Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi, Pi Rixiu, Wei, Wen, Lu You, Ouyang Xiu and Su Dongpo, not only loved tea, but also praised and described it in their masterpieces. The nickname of tea refers to the tea leaves picked late at night, which refers to tea leaves in general, and also refers to drinks brewed, cooked or fried with tea leaves. Su Dongpo, a poet in the Song Dynasty, compared good tea to a beauty in the poem "Two Rhymes of Cao Fu Send a Message to Try to Bake New Tea in the Valley": "The fairy mountains are wet and the fragrance powder is not uniform. Come to Yuchuanzi tomorrow, and the breeze will break Wuling Spring. You know, Jade Snow has a good heart, not a new face. Don't laugh when you play a poem. Always beautiful. " Tea trees have existed since ancient times. There are two views on the origin of tea trees: one is in Yunnan, and the other is in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau east of the Hengduan Mountains in the southwest. Who found tea? Legend has it that Emperor Yan of Shennong in ancient times "tasted a hundred herbs, met 72 poisons every day, and got a tea solution". Another said, "The Yellow Emperor eats a hundred herbs and gets tea to detoxify." Er Ya Shi Mu records: "Easy, bitter tea." Guo Pu, a native of A Jin, said, "This kind of tree is as small as gardenia. It was born in winter, and its leaves can be boiled and drunk. Today is called morning tea and evening tea, which is the bitter tea of Shu people. " The characteristics of tea trees are described clearly. Tea was originally used for medicine, food and sacrifice, and later used as a drink. Yan Di and Huangdi Emperor were poisoned, and the medicinal function of tea is detoxification. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Shennong's "Food Classic" said: "Tea, tea for a long time, is powerful and pleasing to the eye." Wei Huatuo, the chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, said in On Food: "Long-term eating is good for thinking." Before the Han Dynasty, tea was mainly used as food. The poem "Shu" says: "Pepper tree, Cornus officinalis, Shu people make tea, and Wu people make tea, all of which are cooked for food." Nowadays, pickled tea, white tea, camellia oleifera, roasted tea and canned cloud tea all follow the ancient habits. The history of tea as a beverage is only over 2000 years. During the Western Han Dynasty, Bashu had the fashion of drinking tea, special tea sets and tea markets. In 59 BC, Wang Bao of the Western Han Dynasty recorded the things that servants had to do every day in the article "Children's Covenant", in which "make all the tea and buy tea in Wuyang (now pengshan county, Sichuan)". It can be seen that drinking tea at that time has become a part of daily life, and tea has also become a commodity, forming a tea distribution center like Wuyang. Wang Su, a Qi native of the Southern Dynasties, went to the Northern Wei Dynasty. He doesn't eat mutton and casein (that is, milk or goat milk), but he often eats crucian carp soup and drinks tea when he is thirsty. Once he visited Tuoba GUI, the emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, but began to eat mutton and cheese. Wei Gaudi felt very strange and asked him, "How about mutton and fish soup?" What about the ratio of tea juice to casein? Wang Su replied, "Sheep are the most abundant on land, and fish is the longest among the aquarium." Sheep are like a big country in Qilu, and fish are like a small country. Only tea is wrong, cheese is a slave. "Tuoba GUI, king of Pengcheng, interrupted:" You don't care much about Qilu, a big nation, but you love Ju, a small country. Tomorrow, we will hold a banquet for you, and there will also be cream and tea. "Later, people called tea" cheese slave ". There was a famous tea in the Tang Dynasty, which was produced in Tianzhu Peak, Anqing County, Anhui Province. Li Deyu, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, had a friend who was awarded the year of Zhou Shu (now Shucheng County, Anhui Province) by the court. Li Deyu said to him, "When you arrive in Zhou Shu, please send me thirty cents of Tianzhu Peak tea. As soon as the man arrived in Zhou Shu, he hurriedly sent dozens of Jin of Tianzhu Peak tea to Li Deyu. But Li Deyu refused to accept it and returned it to his friend. The following year, my friend was prevented from going to Zhou Shu. Before he left, he carefully selected a few corners of Tianzhu Peak tea for Li Deyu. Li Deyu gladly accepted it and said to his friend, "This tea can relieve the hangover." After that, he asked the servant to make a pot of tea, then poured the tea into a silver box with meat and covered it. The next morning, Li Deyu and his friends opened the box, and the meat had turned into water. Everyone believes in his extensive knowledge. Tang people like to process tea leaves into cakes, wrap them with black tea leaves, make a hole in the middle and string them together with ropes, which is convenient to carry. It's called string tea. Dong Yuan, the ambassador of Beiyuan in Kaifeng, Kyoto in the Southern Tang Dynasty, was called "Dong Beiyuan" in the world. He is good at making tea, but people think it is expensive. He called this kind of tea Beiyuan Tea. Later, the tea produced in Fenghuang Mountain in Jianzhou, Fujian Province (now Jian 'ou City) was also called Beiyuan Tea. In the early years of Taiping and Xingguo, Zhao Guangyi, Song Taizong, began to make dragon and phoenix molds, which were used to make a kind of group tea, called "Dragon and Phoenix Group", which was exclusively used by the court to distinguish it from the tea drunk by scholars. During Zhao Zhenqing's reign in Song Renzong, Fujian's transshipment enabled Cai Xiang to make a small batch of tea as a tribute. Small group tea is extremely precious. Imperial secretaries often carve gold on tea cakes. More than twenty cakes weigh a catty and are worth two silver dollars. . However, this kind of tea is not easy to buy. Every time Song Renzong went to the southern suburbs to worship heaven and earth, he would give a piece of cake to Zhongshu Province and the Privy Council, and four people would share a piece of cake. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Japanese monks came to China to study China tea culture in more than 65,438+000 temples. Later, Heshang brought tea seeds back to Japan for planting, forming Japanese tea culture and tea ceremony. Rong, and Shang are called "tea ancestors" by the Japanese. The pronunciation of the word "tea" in most countries is derived from the pronunciation of the Chinese word "tea". English tea is transformed from Xiamen dialect, and English slang tea is cha, which is closer to the Chinese pronunciation of tea. Russian is the transliteration of China northern dialect tea; The Japanese word "tea" is pronounced as "tea", which is pronounced completely according to Chinese characters.