Weihe river
Weihe River, the largest tributary of the Yellow River, originated in Weiyuan County, Gansu Province and joined the Yellow River in Tongguan, Shaanxi Province. The total length is 8 18km, the total drainage area is134,766km2, and the annual runoff is/kloc-0.02 billion cubic meters. Weihe River bypasses the north of Xi 'an.
Weihe River Basin is the birthplace of Xuanyuan Huangdi and Shennong Yan Di, the ancestors of Chinese culture. Huangdi and Yan Di are considered as the ancestors of the Chinese nation. "Mandarin Today" contains: "In the past, the marriage was especially high when you were young, and you gave birth to the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di. The Yellow Emperor was made of water, and the Yan Emperor was made of Jiang Shui. Merits are different, so the Yellow Emperor is discipline, not ginger. The two emperors used teachers to help each other, and the principle of virtue and difference was also. " This is the earliest historical data that we can see to record the birthplace of Emperor Yan and Huangdi.
According to historians' research, Jishui and Jiangshui are both in the Weihe River Basin, and Jiang Shui is in Baoji. Jishui is the Qishui River in Wugong County, central Guanzhong. Both rivers are tributaries of the Weihe River.
Therefore, in any case, Xuanyuan Huangdi and Shennong Yan Di are two tribal leaders with similar blood relationship that originated in the Weihe River Basin. Later, the two tribes launched the battle of Hanquan, and Huangdi defeated Yandi. The two tribes gradually merged into Huaxia nationality, which was called Han nationality after Han and Tang Dynasties. Yan Di and the Yellow Emperor are also the ancestors of China's culture and technology. It is said that they and their courtiers and descendants created almost all the important inventions in ancient times. [ 1]
the Yangtze River
Jinghe River is the largest tributary of Weihe River. Its main stream originated in Jingyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region at the eastern foot of Liupanshan Mountain, and merged into the left bank of Weihe River in Wangjiang Village, Gaoling County. The total length is 455 kilometers, the total basin area is 4542 1 square kilometer, and the annual runoff is 21.400 million cubic meters. Jinghe River surrounds the north of Xi 'an.
Jinghe River is named after the residents. Jinghe River has a long history, which existed in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The historical contributions of Jinghe River Basin are mainly the prosperity of Zhou Dynasty and the Zheng Guoqu built by Qin in Jingyang County. The Zhou Dynasty flourished in Jian 'an (now Binxian County, Shaanxi Province), and lived in Jian 'an for more than ten generations from Gongliu to Zhou Wang Tai (ancient duke Xuwen). Later, it was invaded by Rong Di to develop agriculture. Zhou Xian moved from Jian 'an to Qi, then from Jinghe River Basin to Weihe River Basin, settled in Qishan (now Qishan and Fufeng County), and then spread to. In 1066 BC, Zhou was conquered and the Western Zhou was finally established. Zhou Xian's ancestors lived in the Sui Dynasty, and his literature and martial arts laid the foundation for conquering and unifying China. The Book of Songs in July gives a vivid and detailed description of farming activities, which shows that agriculture in the Western Zhou Dynasty was in a dominant position in the whole country at that time. History calls "emphasizing agriculture and raising grains" a legacy of dry harvest. There is still an ancient building "chanting hall" in the Xiannongtan, and there is also a "wind bridge" in the Summer Palace, which shows the far-reaching influence of Jinghe agriculture on China agriculture. [2]
The other six rivers are smaller:
Feng (Feng) River
Originating in Yufeng, Chang 'an District, Xi, at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, it flows to Xianyang and joins the Weihe River, with a total length of 82 kilometers.
Bashui around Feng River in Chang 'an
Area 1460 km2. According to reports, Dayu once governed the Fenghe River, and the second capital of Feng and Gao in the Western Zhou Dynasty was built on the east and west banks of the Fenghe River. Xianyang in Qin Dynasty and Chang 'an in Han Dynasty were also located at the intersection of Fenghe River and Weihe River, and Kunming Pool in Han and Tang Dynasties was also divided by Fenghe River. Fenghe River surrounds the west of Xi.
I don't know which autumn it was. It rained cats and dogs for several days and nights, and the Fenghe River suddenly surged like a wild horse that lost its reins. The flood rushed to a bend in Fengxi, washed away the river bank and washed down. In a blink of an eye, fertile land was flooded, houses collapsed, people cried and there were countless casualties! When the disaster was reported to the imperial court, the emperor was afraid of flooding the capital, so he set aside 102 thousand pieces of silver to repair the gap and appointed a county magistrate named Ma to lead the work. Ma county magistrate took over the imperial edict of repairing the river and laughed happily in his dreams! I thought, now, a lot of money will be put into my own pocket.
Ma county officials collected civilian workers and skilled craftsmen from all over the country. They are preparing to start harnessing the river. On second thought, the civilian worker and the silver are in their hands. Why not build a garden for yourself? He let some people camp on the river bank to cope, and led a large group of people to build a garden at home. The restoration lasted for more than a month. Seeing that the completion date arrived, Ma County officials cut corners when they were in a hurry, urging them to beat and scold migrant workers day and night, just for the sake of fast progress and poor quality. On this day, the river bank has been half completed, and Ma County officials are supervising the work on the construction site. Suddenly, a carp rushed down from the upper reaches of the Fenghe River. Ma county magistrate was overjoyed at this scene and ordered the civilian worker to go down to the river for salvage. Unexpectedly, the carp crashed into the river bank with a crash, the river bank was washed away and the carp disappeared. A civilian worker saw the carp hit the river bank, so he advised Ma county magistrate that repairing the river bank to control water is a century-old plan, and it is important to be firm and not careless! After hearing this, the magistrate was furious and kicked the civilian worker into the river.
A few days later, the river bank was repaired in a hurry and was knocked down by carp. Horse county suspicious, strange! A small carp can knock down a riverbank, which is by no means a great thing! However, this riverbank was built by the emperor's will. How bold the carp are! Next time I come, I must catch it and want it! Thought of here, Ma County magistrate got off the iron net in the middle of the river, while waiting for the carp to come up, and urged the civilian worker to rebuild the river bank. Until the end of the project, the carp didn't come to break the dike again, and the county magistrate was secretly happy. After settling accounts, I still have 2200 taels of silver left, all for myself! He invited ministers to hold a banquet to celebrate this work and hoped to win another prize.
After three rounds of wine, the thunder was loud and the downpour poured from head to head. The wind blows harder and harder, and it rains harder and harder! The Feng River surged three feet, the yellow sand rolled, and the county magistrate turned pale with fear. At this moment, the carp began to rampage again. Ma county magistrate used his quick wits. Thinking that his official hat was sealed by the emperor would definitely curb the carp, so he unloaded it and threw it into the river. Carp don't care about this. With a flick of his tail, he knocked off his official hat and overturned the river bank! The roar of the flood made the gap bigger and bigger. Ma county magistrate saw that all previous efforts were wasted, built the garden privately and deducted money. The emperor was angry and blamed, and it was a trivial matter to lose his official position and head! Seeing that he was dying, he jumped into the river. Strange to say, as soon as the county magistrate Ma jumped into the river, the water suddenly landed.
In the future, people said that Ma County official was too black-hearted, which angered Fenghe God and sent carp king to punish him. Since then, Fenghe has taken this new road, and that old river is today's Shahe. [3]
Laohe
In ancient times, it was called Liaoshui, which came from two sources. Donglao River originated in Yu Jingyu at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, and Xilao River originated in Qinling Mountains. After the two rivers meet, they flow northward and finally flow into Weihe River through Xianyang in the north. The total length of the old river is 82 kilometers, with a total drainage area of 663 square kilometers. The old river surrounds the west of Xi.
The first name of the old river is Liao. In The Book of Songs, there is a poem "When a hole is considered, it will flow", that is, the poem "Go to a distant place to carry water and flow by the river", which makes the ancestors of the old river basin industrious and heroic and rank among China's first poems.
Although the old river is not as famous as Ganjiang River in history, it has a long history, especially in geological and archaeological discoveries. Located in the semi-arid and semi-humid monsoon climate zone, it belongs to the temperate continental climate, with four distinct seasons and simultaneous rain and heat. However, due to the influence of topography, the climate in mountainous Pingchuan is quite different, and the climate characteristics are quite different. [4]
Yuhe
Dayu originates from the northern foot of Qinling Mountains and is the most famous river in Xi. Weihe River is divided into two tributaries near Niutou Temple, namely Zaohe River in the north and Luanhe River in the west into Fenghe River. The river is 67.2 kilometers long and the basin area is 687 square kilometers. Weihe River bypasses the south of Xi 'an.
Sugagawa is the most notorious river in Xi, called Xushui in ancient times, which originated from Dayu on the northern slope of Qinling Mountains in Chang 'an District. According to relevant data, from Paleozoic to the end of Triassic, after many strong regional tectonic movements, multi-stage magmatism, metamorphism and migmatization, a multi-cycle and complex geological structural belt was formed, including Qinling Mountains, Loess Plateau and proluvial. Due to the influence of NW-trending faults and the erosion of Chanhe River and Chanhe River, the loess tableland is divided into four tablelands: Paoli tableland, Bali tableland, Shaoling tableland and Shenhe tableland, of which Shaoling tableland and Shenhe tableland are located in Fan Chuan section of Chanhe River. Due to the long-term effect of flowing water, many deep canyons have formed in Weihe River. Dayu and Xiaoyu are more famous among them. After leaving the valley, it flows through more than ten towns such as Dayu, Wangmang, Duqu, Fancun, Shendian, Guodu, Huang Liang, Neiyuan, Xinglong, Fenghui and Wuxing, and passes through Dayu, Liu Hu, Liuxiu, Wangmang, Nanzhai East Village, Hongmiao, yangqiao, Sipo and Shendian. To the west, it flows into Laihe River at Ji Xiang Temple in Guodu Town, and from the temple to the south, it flows into Fenghe River near Qin Dou Town. The total length of the river is 67.2 kilometers, and the basin area is 687 square kilometers. Rice, corn and wheat are abundant on both sides of the river, and the terrain resources are also quite rich.
haohe river
Originated in Bian Shi Valley, Chang 'an District, Xi, with a total length of 46 kilometers and a drainage area of 292 square kilometers. After the Ji Xiang Temple joins the Weihe River, it flows westward and joins the Fenghe River near Qin Dou Town, Huxian County. Luanhe River surrounds the south of Xi 'an.
Qinghe
Originated in Tangyu, Lantian County, it is the largest tributary of Chan River system, and flows into Bahe River near Guang Tai Temple, Baqiao District, Xi City, with a total length of 70 kilometers. The Chan River surrounds the east of Xi.
Bahe
Originated in Bayuan Town, Lantian County, with a total length of 109 km and a drainage area of 2,563.7 square kilometers. According to historical records, Ba River was originally named Zishui. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin Mugong changed its name to Ba River to show off its hegemony. Tang set up a post office here, where relatives and friends often fold willows to bid farewell. Because willows are planted on the riverbank and catkins are flying like snow in spring, "Liubaxue" has also become one of the eight scenic spots in Chang 'an. Bahe River surrounds the east of Xi 'an.
Bahe River is located in the east of Xi City, Shaanxi Province. According to "Xi An Zhou Zhi", the banks of Baqiao Bridge built dikes for five miles and planted 10,000 willow trees, which amazed tourists. Whenever the spring is full and the spring breeze blows, catkins are flying all over the sky and clouds are lingering, which has become a major landscape of Chang' an Baqiao. In the Tang Dynasty, Baqiao had a post station called Bating. People often greet guests here, say goodbye and give them branches and willows. Liu, stay! Over time, "farewell at Baqiao Bridge" has become a unique custom. Bashui, Liu Ba, Bating, through the ages, countless literati fell for it, and where will you go, parting from sorrow, poetry and painting are all vividly displayed in this place. [5]
Note: Zaohe should not belong to Bashui. This used to be an ancient Chanhe road. This river used to flow directly into the Weihe River along the present river, and then it was artificially transformed in Guazhou Village near Chang 'an District, bypassing the Shenheyuan River, and then joined with the Hesui River near Ji Xiang Temple, known as the Chan River, and flowed westward into the Fenghe River in Qin Dou Town. Zaohe River starts from Shuizhai Village in Chang 'an District, flows through Qu Wei, Ducheng and Shendian in Chang 'an District, enters Xi City, and then enters Weihe River through Zhangbagou, Beishiqiao, Sanqiao Town, Liucunbao and Caotan. The total length is 32 kilometers, and the Xi 'an section is 27.4 kilometers.