Paper reference on warehouse management 1
On the practical application and optimization of warehouse management
Abstract: With the development of the times, the division of social majors is becoming more and more detailed. In the whole economic activities and production and supply links of enterprises, warehousing plays an increasingly important role. This paper mainly summarizes the position and function of warehousing in the whole economic activities and production and supply links, analyzes the problems found and existing in actual work, and analyzes how to improve our warehousing management, warehouse scheme design and application optimization in actual warehousing management.
Key words: warehouse management, design, application and optimization.
First, the importance of warehousing management
The production and profit of enterprises are closely related to the warehousing development of enterprises. Since the industrialization era, there has been storage of materials. With the development of the times, the warehousing of enterprises has also formed a considerable scale and injected more content. Enterprise warehousing is an important link connecting production, supply and material value realization, and plays an important auxiliary role in promoting production and improving efficiency. Warehouse management is the management of warehouses and materials, and it is a process of organization, control and coordination. In practical application, warehousing management includes the acquisition of warehousing resources, business management of warehousing materials contract execution, warehousing process management, warehousing operation management, warehousing management, safety management and other related operations, which play an important role in the whole economic activities and production and supply links of enterprises.
Second, the present situation and existing problems of warehouse management
Warehouse management at work includes two parts: process and management: process includes receiving goods, inspection, warehousing, classification, material preparation according to quota and supply. Management includes: spatial layout, storage management, selection of storage equipment and handling equipment, application of information technology and inventory. There are often many problems in the whole work chain. How to better optimize enterprise warehouse management requires us to use our brains to make our work more efficient and convenient.
In most enterprises, the establishment and use of automated warehouses are relatively rare. Since 1980, only about 300 automated warehouses have been established. In this case, it is very important to choose the location and construction of the warehouse according to the actual situation in order to make the management more efficient. Often warehouses are built at a faster speed, and there will be several problems when they are put into use: simple materials are used in design and construction, and steel bars and cement are not used. In the case of cost saving, it also brings many problems to the later practical work, such as strong wind in rainy season, loud noise in the warehouse, easy parts on the shelves to fall off and get wet, and hot in Leng Xia in winter. The rough construction in the construction makes the warehouse continue to transform the lighting and power supply after a period of use, which brings hidden dangers to the mechanical operation and work in the actual work. Therefore, the location of warehouse construction should be studied from a long-term perspective to better facilitate long-term use and overall arrangement in the future.
Third, optimize and upgrade our warehouse management.
How to improve our warehouse management is reflected in the design of warehouse scheme and the optimization of actual management application;
(1) storage requirement design
There are two aspects in the storage demand design. One is how much storage space is needed, including the total demand space and the demand space of each commodity, and the other is where the spare parts should be stored in the warehouse, that is, the storage design.
(2) Demand space design
To calculate the required area of the warehouse, we must first calculate the average inventory of materials in the warehouse, then understand the characteristics of the stored items such as weight and volume, and determine the storage mode of the items. Generally speaking, storage methods include shelf storage and stacking storage. Secondly, determine the best average inventory level, that is, the determined average inventory can truly reflect the average inventory level in most months. Thirdly, the storage mode of goods is determined. Different storage modes require different warehouse areas. The storage mode of goods in the warehouse can be divided into two types: flat storage and shelf storage. The flat storage can be divided into single-layer and multi-layer according to the characteristics of goods. Different shelf heights and different channel widths required for storing goods should also be considered. Finally, estimate the functional area of the warehouse and determine the total inventory demand area. By calculating the storage area of the warehouse, estimating the areas of other functional areas and auxiliary areas, and summing up the areas, the total inventory demand area can be calculated. In the long run, area estimation should be considered.
The required warehouse area in the next N years = the existing warehouse area? (1+ annual business growth percentage) n
Demand area in the next N years = existing warehouse area? Growth coefficient (the determination of growth coefficient should be judged according to experience, and it also reflects the growth rate of enterprises.
(3) Storage design
The key of warehousing design is to grasp the principle of commodity warehousing: 3. 1 Close to the export principle, and materials with high warehousing frequency need to be placed near the export to reduce the workload; 3.2 According to the principle of weight and size, large materials should be put into corresponding warehouses to ensure the storage safety of precision materials; 3.3 Materials should consider their own characteristics. Materials should be kept at constant temperature when classified and put into storage, which is not easy to be affected with damp. Flammable materials should not be put together when they are put into corresponding warehouses. 3.4 First-in, first-out principle to ensure the quality and quality of materials. 3.5 Channel-oriented principle, important information or signs should face the channel direction to ensure easy observation during warehousing and inventory.
(4) Selection and design of loading and unloading equipment
In the long-term warehouse material management, with the increasing of all kinds of materials, in order to manage materials more scientifically and efficiently, the requirements for the accuracy of material management tools and the details of large equipment are getting higher and higher, which makes the material management tools constantly upgrade.
In practical work, pallet trucks, forklifts, forward forklifts, hydraulic pallet trucks, trolleys, turtle cars and cage cars are all used. Take a forklift as an example. Forklift accessories include: string rod, container spreader, side fork, bucket, side pliers, tilting fork, boom, forging pliers and rotary pliers. Spare parts forklifts for small and medium-sized goods, wooden cases, woven bags, life jackets and other flood control materials and equipment in state-owned power stations can meet the requirements of daily material handling and sorting. Pallet containers are needed for large equipment and materials, such as switchgear, cables without reels, hydraulic turbine cover plates, steel plates and foundation rings. At present, there are seven kinds of pallet containers: a, double-sided flat pallet (including longitudinal beam, panel and fork hole) b, single-sided flat pallet (including 3*3 fork hole) c, bracket (including 4 legs) d, upright pallet e and mesh box pallet (. Relatively speaking, double-sided flat pallet and single-sided flat pallet are widely used in work. Driving needs to be equipped with collars, wire ropes, slings, etc.
(5) Application and inventory of storage equipment and information technology
In the equipment storage management of state-owned enterprises, the process is operated in the traditional mode, and it takes a long time for spare parts to enter and leave the warehouse. Too many documents and other issues; More and more waste materials produced in production and operation are put into warehouses in designated areas, often exceeding the designated areas. When dealing with waste, we must find qualified waste handlers to deal with them. From recycling to destruction, a lot of money needs to be invested. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately analyze the needs of departments in advance and carefully analyze the reasons for wasting materials, so managing existing materials in advance brings a lot of work. Whether it is the existing purchased materials or the waste materials stored for many years or produced in production and operation, it involves inventory. The traditional inventory is based on the inventory list, which takes a long time and needs to find a single item many times. In contrast, the application of information technology in the information age highlights its advantages. In the current warehouse management, RF inventory is based on the cargo information displayed by RF terminals. Do a good job: inventory preparation, RF scanning warehousing, commodity scanning, commodity information at a glance, quantity input, and judging whether the total inventory is consistent with the system information is the end of inventory confirmation; No variance query, variance processing, inventory confirmation and inventory ending. By analogy, information technologies such as warehouse management system (WMS), radio frequency identification (RFID) and computer-aided cargo training system (DPS) have been applied in warehouse management. Establishing and perfecting logistics information systems that meet the actual needs of enterprises will play an important role in the present and future development of private enterprises and state-owned enterprises.
References of warehouse management papers II
Discussion on modern storage management of nuclear power plant
As a safe and clean energy source, nuclear power has been proved by practice. In order to meet the power demand, optimize the energy structure, promote the sustained economic development, and ease the transportation pressure, the state has timely put forward a major decision to develop nuclear power, which will drive China's nuclear power development into the fast lane, and the importance of nuclear power will become increasingly apparent. To develop nuclear power, we must improve the level of nuclear power construction and operation management; As an important part of it, the warehousing management of nuclear power enterprises must also have a corresponding level, because warehousing management is directly related to the safe and stable operation of nuclear power units and the economic benefits of nuclear power enterprises, and is the central link of nuclear power logistics. Compared with general logistics warehousing management, nuclear power warehousing management has distinct characteristics. It is different from the general storage management, with tens of thousands of kinds of spare parts, which increases the difficulty of storage management. The purpose of nuclear power storage management is how to improve the storage management level of nuclear power plants under the background of the rapid development of international logistics, and make due contributions to the safe, stable and efficient operation of nuclear power plants by combining their own characteristics and learning from others.
1 characteristics of warehouse work
1. 1 the significance of warehousing
Warehousing refers to storing and keeping articles through warehouses. Broadly speaking, warehousing management is the management of a series of activities such as storage and transit of goods, loading and unloading, packaging, sorting, sorting and subsequent processing in the logistics process. Warehousing activities exist in all stages of social and economic activities and various industries, and the forms and contents of warehousing management vary greatly.
Warehouse management includes the following aspects: 1) warehouse location and construction; 2) Selection and configuration of warehouse mechanical operation; 3) Organization and process of warehouse operation; 4) Application of warehouse management technology; 5) Operation and management of the warehouse; 6) Comprehensive storage cost control.
The task of warehouse management: rationally plan the network of warehouse facilities; Reasonable selection of storage facilities and equipment; Strictly control the quality of incoming and outgoing goods; Take care of the goods in the warehouse; Ensure the effective operation of the warehouse; Reduce storage operating costs; Ensure the safe operation of the warehouse.
1.2 characteristics of modern warehouse management
The characteristics of modern warehouse management are determined by the contents of warehouse management. With the development of society and the progress of science, warehousing management has the characteristics of economy, technology and comprehensiveness.
1) economy: warehousing activities are an important part of socialized mass production, and warehousing activities are also productive. Like other production activities, it creates commodity value, and with the increase of storage activities, the scope of realizing commodity value is gradually expanding.
2) Technicality: With the progress of science and technology, in modern warehousing management, the mechanization of warehousing operations, the informationization of warehousing management and the application of various new technologies have become a trend.
3) Comprehensiveness: Modern warehousing management includes new technologies, new equipment, new management concepts and methods, involving a wide range of industries. It is necessary to comprehensively apply the theories of various disciplines to carry out commodity management and inventory control to ensure the normal production and circulation of commodities and reduce costs.
2 characteristics of nuclear power plant storage management
Due to the different purposes of warehousing management, the warehousing management of nuclear power enterprises is different from that of traditional warehousing enterprises, which is embodied in the following aspects.
2. 1 There are many kinds of articles.
Nuclear power plant projects include machinery, electricity and chemistry. In order to facilitate management, nuclear power plants generally classify items into four grades: A, B, C and D according to their important characteristics, and there are also dangerous chemicals.
Examples of A-level projects: special electronic instruments and equipment; Special materials; Fuel assembly, fuel assembly, etc. Examples of Class B items: test instruments and electrical instruments; Welding machine, covered electrode and welding wire; Control rod drive mechanism, etc. Examples of Class C items: pumps; Valve; Internal; Emergency steam turbine, etc. Examples of Class D items: water tanks; Heat exchangers and parts; Reactor pressure vessel; Steam generator, etc. Examples of dangerous chemicals: corrosive substances such as acid and alkali; Flammables such as paint, alcohol, acetone and turpentine; Compressed gas, combustible gas; Ammonia water.
2.2 There are many types and quantities of warehouses.
Corresponding to a wide variety of items, nuclear power plants have storage facilities of corresponding grades and standards. Storage facilities are divided into five levels: A (temperature and humidity controlled warehouse), B (humidity controlled warehouse), C (indoor warehouse at normal temperature), D (open yard) and E (dangerous goods warehouse). Articles of all grades should be stored in storage places of corresponding grades. When items of different grades are stored together, the requirements of the items with the highest grade shall prevail.
2.3 meet the requirements of nuclear power management
Compared with general industries, the management requirements of nuclear power industry are higher. In the warehousing work, it is mainly reflected in: the division of responsibilities of each post is clear; Strict warehousing management; After the goods arrive at the site, many parties need to participate in the acceptance witness, and they can only be put into storage after they are qualified; Employees require high quality.
2.4 Sufficient inventory.
In order to control costs, the general industry will choose to effectively reduce inventory on the basis of ensuring supply, such as? Order purchase, reduce inventory? Theory, etc. Due to the particularity of nuclear power industry, its inventory control is more complicated. The inventory of nuclear power plants is mainly considered from the perspective of ensuring the safe and stable operation of units. The inventory is generally sufficient, and the inventory control needs to be optimized.
2.5 Some spare parts require high storage and maintenance.
Some spare parts, especially strategic spare parts, are not just right? Two defenses and two controls? There are strict requirements and special maintenance requirements for powder (for example, some equipment spare parts should be stored in nitrogen environment). The integrity and availability of nuclear power spare parts are related to the safe and stable operation of nuclear power units. Spare parts, especially strategic spare parts, must be kept in good condition and availability. These spare parts need to be maintained according to the planned requirements. If it is impossible or necessary for professional and technical personnel to carry out important maintenance, they should apply to other relevant departments for assistance in maintenance work in time.
3 nuclear power plant modern warehousing management process
3. 1 receipt
Warehouse management begins with receiving goods. After the goods arrive at the site, the inspection department informs the storage department, which organizes to receive the goods, selects the appropriate hoisting scheme according to the characteristics of the goods, and specifies the corresponding storage location. Storage handling equipment includes truck cranes, travelling cranes and forklifts; Equipment maintenance materials include skids, shed cloth and various tools. The main considerations for equipment selection are: the scale of nuclear power plant units; Characteristics and uses of loading and unloading articles; Mode of transportation, packaging form, etc.
3.2 warehousing
Before warehousing, the inspection department and the warehousing department shall organize unpacking inspection of the items. When unpacking inspection, we should carefully check whether the name, specification, quantity and other information on the packing list is consistent with the real thing, and strictly control the quality. After acceptance, fill out the unpacking inspection report, and if defects are found, issue the Notice of Disposal of Inspection Defects; Then, according to the storage level of the goods, the goods are distributed and placed; Finally, the warehouse personnel input the information into the warehouse management system to complete the warehousing.
3.3 storage
In the storage stage in the warehouse, measures are taken to ensure that the quality of the goods stored in the warehouse will not be reduced according to the storage and storage requirements of the goods. During the storage of articles, it is necessary to do a good job of moisture-proof, theft-proof, insect-proof and dust-proof. Should be stored in accordance with the principle of easy access and easy identification, neatly placed and carefully moved.
3.4 outbound
When leaving the warehouse, the recipients should first fill in the goods requisition or borrowing form and go through the relevant examination and approval procedures. After the warehouse personnel have completed the verification procedures, both parties shall check the name, specification and quantity of the goods to be distributed face to face.
3.5 Warehouse Management Information System
Items in the construction stage of nuclear power plant include equipment, materials, spare parts and tools. There are many kinds and quantities, so it is difficult to meet the needs only by manual operation. In order to manage goods effectively, developing and utilizing modern information technology is the inevitable direction of warehouse management.
4 modern storage management measures for nuclear power plants
Nuclear power industry is a high-tech industry, and traditional warehouse management is difficult to meet the requirements. Modern management means must be adopted, that is, large-scale three-dimensional warehouses, excellent mechanized equipment and facilities, and software such as automatic warehouse control system, modern warehouse management system and quality management personnel must be provided.
4. 1 Large three-dimensional warehouse and excellent mechanized equipment
Large-scale three-dimensional warehouses and sophisticated mechanized equipment have laid a good hardware foundation for nuclear power storage management. At the peak of construction, the daily cargo throughput of nuclear power plants is above several hundred tons. Without thousands of square meters of large-scale three-dimensional warehouses, excellent loading and unloading platforms, forklifts, high-level forklifts, single-beam and double-beam cranes and excellent equipment, it is impossible to successfully complete these tasks. The early completion and commissioning of nuclear power plants cannot be separated from large-scale three-dimensional warehouses and these excellent mechanized equipment.
4.2 Automatic Warehouse Control System
What is the purpose of automatic warehouse control system? Two defenses and two controls? -Fire prevention, theft prevention, temperature and humidity control, including the following subsystems:
4.2. 1 fire alarm system
Fully monitor the fire situation of all warehouses and office buildings, and send out fire alarm signals quickly once a fire is found.
4.2.2 Anti-theft alarm system
Monitor warehouses and office buildings in an all-round way, and send out anti-theft alarm signals in time when abnormal conditions are found.
4.2.3 Temperature and humidity detection system
Because some spare parts of nuclear power plant have strict requirements on the temperature and humidity conditions of the warehouse, it is necessary to install a temperature and humidity detection system in the warehouse to monitor the temperature and humidity data of the control points in the warehouse. When inspectors find that the temperature and humidity are beyond the specified range, they should immediately check the temperature and humidity control equipment (air conditioner, dehumidifier, etc.). ) work normally, and report the abnormal situation of maintenance personnel, so that the temperature and humidity of the warehouse can be restored to the specified range as soon as possible.
5 conclusion
The warehousing management of nuclear power enterprises is related to all aspects of nuclear power logistics. With the overall improvement of nuclear power storage management level, perfect storage management will certainly contribute to the safe, stable and efficient operation of nuclear power units, and will also increase the chips for the steady and rapid development of nuclear power.
refer to
[1] Zhao Yuguo. Warehouse management [M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2008
[2] Gao Jun. Warehouse management [M]. Nanjing: Southeast University Press, 2006
[3] Ren Yongjuan, Xue Runze. Warehousing management in the construction stage of nuclear power plant [J]. Urban Economic Analysis of China, 20 1 1.
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