Knowledge Points 1 building floors, building height and building classification
Knowledge Points 2 layout
Knowledge Points 3 requirements for the setting of densely populated places (1) Auditoriums, conference halls, multi-function halls (2) Song and dance entertainment screening amusement venues (3) cinemas, theaters, auditoriums (4) stores, exhibition buildings (5) buildings for the elderly and children's activities (6) hospitals and sanatoriums inpatient part (7) teaching buildings, cafeterias, food markets
Knowledge Points 4 Safety Evacuation-Safety evacuation is mainly from the door, staircase, access, evacuation width, distance, ventilation and other aspects of the Analyze.
Set dance entertainment projection amusement park multi-storey public **** building evacuation stairs, in addition to the open corridor directly connected to the stairwell, should be used closed stairwells; indoor ground and outdoor entrances and exits of the ground level difference is not greater than 10m and the number of floors for the basement of the two floors and the following should be used to close the stairwells; the ground portion of the outdoor evacuation staircase can also be used for the safety of evacuation. Safety evacuation; can not be natural ventilation or natural ventilation can not meet the requirements, closed stairwells should be set up mechanical pressurized air supply system or set up in accordance with the requirements of smoke-proof stairwells.
In addition to meeting the above requirements, the safety evacuation of cabaret and entertainment venues should also comply with the following provisions:
1) The safety exits and evacuation doors in the building should be decentralized (should not be less than 2), and the horizontal distance between the nearest edges of two adjacent safety exits and two adjacent evacuation doors for each room on each floor of the fire protection division or a fire protection division of the building should be less than 5m.
2) The stairwell of the building should be connected to the roof, and the door or window to the roof should be opened to the outside.
3) Escalators and elevators should not be counted as safety evacuation facilities.
4) song and dance entertainment projection of amusement venues in the floor area of not more than 50m? and the number of people often stay no more than 15 people in the hall, room or room can be set up an evacuation door.
5) cabaret entertainment projection amusement park is located between the two safety exits through the evacuation aisle room evacuation door to the nearest safety exit straight-line distance should not be greater than 25m; located on both sides of the pocket aisle or the end of the straight-through evacuation aisle room evacuation door to the nearest safety exit straight-line distance, and any point in the room to the room straight-through evacuation aisle evacuation door straight-line distance should not be greater than 9m; building all set up in all the rooms of the evacuation door, the evacuation door should not be greater than 9m. Greater than 9m; building all set up automatic sprinkler system, its safety evacuation distance can be increased by 25% according to the above provisions.
6) Stairwells should be in the first floor straight to the outdoors, there are difficulties, can be used in the first floor to expand the closed stairwell or smoke-proof stairwell anteroom. When the number of floors does not exceed 4 floors and do not use the expansion of the closed stairwell or smoke-proof stairwell anteroom, the door to the outdoors can be set at a distance of not more than 15m from the stairwell.
7) public **** building safety exits and evacuation doors of the net width should not be less than 0.90m, the evacuation aisles and evacuation stairs of the net width should not be less than 1.10m.
8) underground or semi-subterranean densely populated halls and rooms and dance entertainment projection of amusement parks, the evacuation of the evacuation of the aisles, safety exits, evacuation staircases and evacuation of the room evacuation door of the respective total net width should be based on the evacuation of the number of people by every 100 people less than less than 15 meters. Number of people per 100 people not less than 1.00m calculated to determine.
9) In addition to video halls, screening halls other than the number of people evacuated from the entertainment venues, should be based on the halls and rooms of the floor area of the calculation of 0.5 people / m?
10) people-intensive places of the evacuation door, its net width should not be less than 1.40m, and should not be set up thresholds, immediately inside and outside the door 1.40m range should not be set up steps. The net width of the outdoor evacuation channel of the crowded places should not be less than 3.00m, and should lead to a spacious area.
11) Evacuation stairwells should be able to natural light and natural ventilation, and it is appropriate to set up against the external wall. When set up against the external wall, the horizontal distance between the window on the external wall of the stairwell, anterior room and common anterior room and the nearest edges of the doors, windows and holes on both sides should not be less than 1.0m;
There should not be any water-boiling room, combustible material storage room and garbage path in the stairwell; there should not be any protruding or other obstacles affecting the evacuation of the stairwell; there should not be any shuttering door for closed stairwells, smoke-proof stairwell and its anterior room;
There should be a natural light and natural ventilation for evacuation of stairwells and they should be set up against the external wall. p>
Stairwells should not be set up A, B, C liquid piping; closed stairwells, smoke-proof stairwells and their front rooms are prohibited to pass through or set up combustible gas piping.
12) In addition to the closed stairwell should be consistent with the provisions of the evacuation stairwell, should also be consistent with the following provisions:
① The first floor of the stairwell can be aisles and foyers, etc., including the stairwell, the formation of an enlarged closed stairwell, but the use of Class B fire doors, etc., with the separation of other aisles and rooms.
② In addition to the stairwell entrances and external windows, the stairwell wall should not open other doors, windows, openings.
③ high-rise buildings, densely populated public **** building, densely populated multi-storey C plant, A, B plant, the closed stairwell door should be used B fire door, and should be opened to the direction of the evacuation; other buildings can be used in two-way spring door.
④ When natural ventilation is not possible or natural ventilation can not meet the requirements, mechanical pressurized air supply system should be set up or set up according to the requirements of smoke-proof stairwell.
13) smoke-proof stairwells should be in line with the provisions of the evacuation of the stairwell, should also comply with the following provisions:
① should be set up to prevent smoke.
② At the entrance of the stairwell should be provided with a front room.
③ The use of the area of the front room: public **** building, should not be less than 6.0m?; residential buildings, should not be less than 4.5m? Shared with the fire elevator room anteroom, the use of shared anteroom area: public **** building, high-rise plant (warehouse), should not be less than 10.0m?; residential buildings, should not be less than 6.0m?
④ Evacuation aisle to the front room and the door of the front room to the stairwell should be used Class B fire door.
⑤ In addition to the entrances and exits of stairwells and anterior rooms, positive pressure air supply vents installed in stairwells and anterior rooms and the anterior rooms of stairwells in residential buildings, no other doors, windows and holes should be opened on the walls of smoke-proof stairwells and anterior rooms.
The first floor of the stairwell can be included in the stairwell anterior room, forming an enlarged anterior room, but should be separated from other aisles and rooms using Class B fire doors.
Knowledge Point 4 interior decoration: from the perspective of the requirements of the level of decoration, common materials (level of materials), the requirements of special parts.
1) When the ceiling or wall surface localized porous or foam-like plastic, its thickness should not be greater than 15mm, and the area shall not exceed 10% of the ceiling or wall area of the room.
2) Closed stairwells, smoke-proof stairwells and the front room of the ceiling, walls and floors should be used Class A finishing materials.
3) Fire pump room, smoke extraction room, fixed fire extinguishing system cylinder room, distribution room, transformer room, ventilation and air-conditioning room, etc., all the internal decoration should be used A-class decoration materials.
4) When there are atriums, open staircases and escalators connected to the upper and lower floors of the building, the roof and walls of the connected parts should be made of Class A decoration materials, and the other parts should be made of not less than Class B1 decoration materials.
5) Horizontal evacuation aisles and foyers of safety exits of buildings on the ground, the ceiling decorative materials should be used A-level decorative materials, and other parts should be used no less than B1-level decorative materials.
6) The foyer of the evacuation aisle and safety exit of underground civil buildings, the decoration materials of its ceiling, wall and floor should be A-level decoration materials
7) The ceiling materials of the hall of the fourth floor above ground and the interior decoration should be A-level decoration materials, and the other parts should be no less than B1-level decoration materials; the ceiling and wall materials of the hall of the first floor of the underground and the interior decoration should be A-level decoration materials, and the other parts should be no less than B1-level decoration materials; the ceiling and wall materials of the first floor of the underground and the interior decoration should be A-level decoration materials, and the other parts should be no less than A-level decoration materials. The roof and wall materials of the ground floor hall and interior decoration should be A-level decoration materials, and other parts should be no less than B1-level decoration materials.
Knowledge 5
1) a fire-resistant building within the first and second class business halls, exhibition halls, when the installation of automatic fire extinguishing system and automatic fire alarm system and the use of non-combustible or refractory decoration materials, the maximum permissible floor area of each fire protection zone can be increased appropriately, and should be in line with the following provisions:
① set in a single-storey building or only set in a single-storey building, or only set in a single-storey building, or only set in a single-storey building. (1) When it is set up in a single-story building or only in the first floor of a multi-story building, it shall not be greater than 10,000 m? (4)
② set in the underground or semi-underground, should not be more than 2000m?3) total floor area of more than 20,000 m?underground or semi-underground stores, should be used without doors, windows, holes in the fire wall, fire-resistant limit of not less than 2.00h floor slabs separated into a number of floor area of not more than 20,000 m? Neighboring areas do need to be partially connected, should be used in sunken plazas and other outdoor open space, fire compartments, refuge aisles, smoke-proof stairwells (smoke-proof stairwells should be used in the door of the class A fire door - B) and other means of connectivity.
2) The height of the building exterior wall, between the lower openings should be set up not less than 1.2m solid wall or pick out the width of not less than 1.0m, the length is not less than the width of the opening of the fire eaves; when the indoor setting of automatic sprinkler system, the height of the solid wall between the upper and lower openings should not be less than 0.8m. When there are difficulties in setting up a solid wall between the upper and lower openings, fireproof glass wall can be set up, and the fireproof glass wall of multi-storey building should be used for fire prevention. Glass wall, multi-storey building of fire-resistant glass wall fire integrity should not be less than 0.50h. Solid walls, fire eaves and partitions of the fire-resistant limit and combustion performance should not be lower than the corresponding fire-resistant building exterior wall requirements.
3) used for fire separation of sunken plaza and other outdoor open space, should comply with the following provisions:
① separated from the different areas leading to the sunken plaza and other outdoor open space openings between the nearest edge of the horizontal distance should not be less than 13 m. Outdoor open space in addition to evacuation of people shall not be used for other commercial or may lead to the spread of fire, which used for the evacuation of the net area should not be less than 169m. The net area for evacuation should not be less than 169m?
② sunken plaza and other outdoor open space should be set up not less than one straight to the ground evacuation stairs. When connected to the sunken plaza fire zones need to use the sunken plaza for evacuation, the total net width of the evacuation staircase should not be less than the total net width of any fire zone to the outdoor open space design evacuation.
③ When it is necessary to set up a windbreak canopy, the windbreak canopy should not be completely closed, the surrounding openings should be evenly arranged, the area of the opening should not be less than 25% of the surface area of the space, the opening height should not be less than 1.0m; openings set up when the shutter, the effective area of the shutter smoke exhaust can be calculated according to the shutter vent area of 60%.
③ When it is necessary to set up a windbreak canopy, the windbreak canopy should not be completely closed, the surrounding openings should be uniformly arranged, the area of the opening should not be less than 25% of the surface area of the space, the height of the opening should not be less than 1.0m; openings to set up the shutters, the effective area of the louvers can be calculated according to the area of 60% of the louvered vents.
4) refuge aisle should be set up in accordance with the following provisions:
① refuge aisle fire partition wall fire-resistant limit should not be less than 3.00h, the fire-resistant limit of the floor should not be less than 1.50h. ② refuge aisle through the ground exit should not be less than 2 and should be set up in different directions; when the refuge aisle is only connected to a fire zone and the fire zone at least 1 straight through to outdoor
When the safety exit, there can be 1 exit to the ground. The distance from the door of any fire partition to the refuge aisle to the nearest exit of the refuge aisle to the ground should not be more than 60m.
③ The net width of the refuge aisle should not be less than the total designed evacuation net width of any fire partition to the refuge aisle.
④ The combustion performance of the interior decoration materials of the refuge aisle should be A class.
⑤ Fire partition to the entrance of the refuge aisle should be set up smoke-proof front room, the use of the front room area should not be less than 6.0m?, open the door to the front room should be used for class A fire doors, the front room to the door of the refuge aisle should be used for class B fire doors.
⑥ refuge aisle should be set up in the fire hydrant, fire emergency lighting, emergency broadcasting and fire telephone line.
5) When fire shutter is set up in the fire separation part, it should comply with the following provisions:
① Except for the atrium, when the width of the fire separation part is not more than 30m, the width of the fire shutter should not be more than 10m; when the width of the fire separation part is more than 30m, the width of the fire shutter should not be more than 1/3 of the width of the part, and it should not be more than 20m.
② fire shutter should have a fire by self-weight automatic closing function.
③ The fire-resistance limit of the fire shutter should not be lower than the "Code for Fire Protection in Building Design" (GB 50016 - 2014) for the fire-resistance limit of the wall of the set part.
④ The fire shutter shall have smoke-proof performance, and the gap between it and floor, beam, wall and column shall be sealed with fireproof blocking material.
⑤ The fire shutter which needs to land automatically in case of fire should have the function of signal feedback.
Knowledge point 6: covered pedestrian street
Here said? The main features of the covered walkway are: the walkway is covered by a roof, and the walkway is covered by a roof. Its main features are: pedestrian street on both sides of the building area of not more than 300 square meters of small and medium-sized retail, catering and entertainment and other commercial facilities or stores, pedestrian street at both ends of the open entrances and have good natural ventilation or smoke conditions. The main difference between a pedestrian street and an atrium in a commercial building is that if the pedestrian street is not covered with a roof, the buildings on both sides of the pedestrian street will become relatively independent buildings, whereas an atrium cannot. In addition, the buildings on both sides of the pedestrian street will not significantly increase the risk of fire spread because of the upper part of the pedestrian street set up a roof, and will not lead to fire smoke in the space of the significant accumulation, so its fire requirements are different from the atrium in the building.
When the buildings on both sides of the pedestrian street to use the pedestrian street for safe evacuation, the length of the pedestrian street should not be greater than 300m, the pedestrian street should not be arranged combustible materials, the main inspection of the following:
Walking street on both sides of the building outside the stores, every 30m set DN65mm fire hydrant, and equipped with fire hose reel or fire hose; stores set up automatic sprinkler system and automatic fire alarm system: inside the shops and the fire alarm system: the shops set up automatic sprinkler system and fire alarm system. Automatic fire sprinkler system and automatic fire alarm system are installed in the stores: evacuation lighting, light evacuation signs and fire emergency broadcasting system are installed both inside and outside the stores. Automatic sprinkler system should be installed in each floor corridor. Walking street should be set up automatic tracking and positioning jet fire extinguishing system.
Covered pedestrian street pedestrian street on both sides of the building of the stores, its side facing the pedestrian street enclosure components should be used for fire resistance limit of not less than 1.00h solid wall, doors, windows should be used for class B fire doors, windows, or fire integrity of not less than 1.00h of class C fire-resistant glass doors, windows; adjacent stores should be set up on the side of the street facing the pedestrian street with a width of not less than 1.0m, the fire-resistant limit of not less than 1.00h solid wall when the door, window, or fire integrity of not less than 1.00h. 1.00h solid wall when the buildings on both sides of the pedestrian street for a number of floors, each level of the stores on the side of the pedestrian street should be set to prevent the vertical spread of fire measures, set corridors or eaves, the width of its pick should not be less than 1.2m; stores on both sides of the pedestrian street in the upper floors need to be set up corridors and connecting bridges, should ensure that the upper floors of the pedestrian street openings should not be less than 37% of the ground area of the pedestrian street, and the openings should be evenly arranged. 37%, and the opening should be evenly arranged;
Walking Street on both sides of the building within the evacuation staircase should be set up against the exterior wall and is suitable for direct access to the outdoors, there are difficulties, can be in the first floor directly to the Walking Street; the first floor of the evacuation door of the stores can be directly access to the Walking Street, Walking Street, any one point to reach the nearest outdoor safety location of the walking distance should not be greater than 60 m. The evacuation of the Walking Street on both sides of the building on the second and the above store levels to the nearest evacuation staircase of that level. The straight-line distance from the door to the nearest evacuation stairway or other safety exit of the building on both sides of the pedestrian street should not be more than 37.5m;
The roof material of the pedestrian street should be made of non-combustible or combustible materials, and the fire-resistance limit of the load-bearing structure should not be less than 1.00h. No combustible materials should be arranged in the pedestrian street;
The height of the roof of the pedestrian street should not be less than 6.0m from the ground, and the ceiling should be set up with a natural smoke extraction facility and should adopt a normally-open type of smoke exhaust. The roof should be equipped with natural smoke exhaust facilities and is suitable for open smoke vents, and the effective area of the natural smoke vents should not be less than 25% of the ground area of the pedestrian street. Normally closed natural smoke exhaust facilities should be able to open manually and automatically in case of fire;
The stores outside the buildings on both sides of the pedestrian street should be equipped with DN65 fire hydrants every 30m, and should be equipped with fire hose reels or fire hoses, and the stores should be equipped with automatic sprinkler systems and automatic fire alarm systems; automatic sprinkler systems should be set up on each floor of the corridors. Walking Street should be equipped with automatic tracking and positioning jet fire extinguishing system
Walking Street on both sides of the building inside and outside the stores should be set up with evacuation lighting, lighted evacuation indicator signs and fire emergency broadcasting system.
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