1. Analysis of the reasons (1) Low salary is one of the reasons for the shortage of catering waiters. After investigation, in terms of salary, the average salary price of waiters in general restaurants in Beijing is around 611 yuan, and the average annual income is around 11,111 yuan, which is higher than that of a few years ago, but the per capita living expenses are also increasing. Xiao Li, who worked as a waiter in Beijing for five years, said: when she worked as a waiter in Beijing five years ago, her monthly salary was three or four hundred yuan, but she could still save some money and send it home; Now the monthly salary is around 711 yuan, but there is no money left. Therefore, she is going to go home during the Spring Festival this year, and she will never come back. Now it is not difficult to find a job of several hundred yuan in the local area, and she can take care of her family. There are not a few people who have this idea of Xiao Li. (2) The integrity of individual operators discouraged job seekers who applied for catering service. Xiao Wang applied for a job as a waiter in a restaurant. The salary agreed in advance was 811 yuan, and the probation period was one month in 611 yuan. However, after the probation period, she was only given a 51 yuan, on the grounds that the efficiency of the restaurant was not good, and it would be supplemented when the efficiency was good. In this way, month after month, after half a year's work, the salary has never been longer. Finally, Xiao Wang turned to be a wine promoter himself. This situation is bound to cause job seekers to distrust employers, making it even worse for catering waiters to recruit. (3) The working hours are scattered and the living environment is poor. Generally, the business hours of restaurants are from 11 am to 2 pm, and then from 5 pm until the guests are gone in the evening, with only a break in the middle. According to another survey, many restaurant waiters only have one day off a week or two days in January. The monthly income of five or six hundred yuan is not high compared with the longer working hours. The accommodation provided for waiters is often more than ten square meters for seven or eight people, and the living conditions are poor. Therefore, the phenomenon of waiters changing jobs occurs from time to time, and the mobility of personnel is large. (4) The specific age structure requirement is also one of the reasons for the shortage of catering waiters. The catering service industry is a labor-intensive industry. Generally, the age of recruiters is limited to 1-25 years old, and the conditions for recruiting waiters have certain requirements for height and appearance. Even in rural areas, many people in this age group are only children. One child in a family, many parents are reluctant to let them go out to work. Experts on rural issues pointed out that family planning has been going on for more than 21 years, and it is time for supply to decrease. The population of China is increasing, but the number of working-age workers is indeed decreasing. In addition, due to the implementation of a series of national policies to optimize the development of agriculture, such as subsidies for farmers' improved varieties, subsidies for purchasing agricultural machinery, subsidies for growing grain, and tax exemption, the most important thing is that the prices of agricultural and sideline products continue to rise, which increases farmers' income. In some areas, farmers' income from farming at home is almost the same as that from working outside. With the relative increase of working costs, farming at home has become a relatively good choice. Besides, it can also take care of the family. Some farmers with better fields have joined the army of agricultural production, and there are more migrant workers working at home, so there are naturally fewer migrant workers working outside. Although the wages of some enterprises are quite good, and they can earn thousands of dollars more than farming at home a year, they are still unwilling to leave their homes and go out to work. (V) The improvement of the comprehensive quality of the labor force has led to the restaurant waiter position with relatively low social status being unpopular. Since the reform and opening up, China has made great achievements in the education reform, and the education level of the labor force is getting higher and higher, especially since the 21st century. With the popularization of nine-year compulsory education and the expansion of colleges and universities, the knowledge level of the labor force has been greatly improved, especially with the promotion of employment training system. More and more laborers have mastered rich knowledge and vocational skills, and many workers often do not give priority to occupations such as restaurant waiters with low academic requirements, low technical content and relatively low social status. (VI) The rapid development of other social service industries directly impacts the recruitment market of restaurant waiters. In recent years, Beijing's GDP has increased at a double-digit rate. Economic development will inevitably lead to employment growth, especially the rapid development of foreign capital and private economy, which will increase the number of employees in other social service enterprises. Advertisements for wine promoters, beauty salons and service personnel in various fitness places are filled with various recruitment media. Compared with restaurant service, they generally have the advantages of better working environment, less labor intensity and higher social status. The salary level is generally higher than that of restaurant waiters, and it is a strong competitor in the catering industry. Second, some ideas to solve the problem: (1) change the overall social professional concept and ensure the reasonable social status of employees in the catering service industry. At present, some job seekers still have the employment psychology of first managing positions, then technical positions, and finally considering service positions. Service jobs such as catering waiters are often considered to serve people, have no status, and have no room for career development. With the adjustment of the national economic structure and industrial structure and the rise of the tertiary industry, the demand for employment in catering industry is increasing, and the contradiction between supply and demand is further increased. Only by gradually improving the social status and wages of employees in the social service industry can the root cause of the shortage of catering waiters be solved. (2) Enterprises should standardize their own employment behavior and ensure the legitimate rights and interests of employees in the catering service industry. Catering waiters are mostly migrant workers and are in a weak position, and their legitimate rights and interests should be fully guaranteed, especially the basic rights that workers such as social security, rest and vacation should enjoy. There is no social insurance, no holidays, long working hours, and wages cannot be paid in full and on time. To solve these problems, enterprises need to standardize their own employment behavior, consciously safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers, ensure their due social security, timely obtain labor remuneration, and have a normal rest and vacation, so that they can work with peace of mind, reduce the loss of employees and alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand. (III) Providing reasonable salary for catering waiters and maintaining the balance between labor expenditure and return. As far as Beijing is concerned, the actual salary of catering waiters plus accommodation and other benefits is lower than that of salespersons and cleaning staff. Taking the cleaning staff as an example, it is assumed that the cleaning staff will work 1.76 hours per month at the monthly salary of 711 yuan, and the labor remuneration for each working hour will be about 4 yuan. The catering waiter assumes that the average monthly salary is 1,111 yuan (including overtime pay), works 11 hours a day, takes two days off every month, works 281 hours a month, and earns about 3.5 yuan per hour. 6 yuan. Through the comparison of these two figures, it can be seen that the actual hourly labor remuneration of catering waiters is lower than that of cleaning staff. Because the labor remuneration does not match the labor payment, many workers prefer to work as salespersons and cleaning staff rather than being catering waiters. If enterprises want to change the current situation that catering waiters can't be recruited and can't stay, it should be imperative to pay the salaries of catering waiters reasonably. (4) Changing the standards for employing people in enterprises and expanding the scope of choice Under the influence of traditional concepts, the standards for employing catering waiters in enterprises are mostly unmarried women aged 18-25. Most of these laborers were born during the family planning period, and their education level and professional skills have improved compared with the previous period. There are not many people who are willing to work as catering waiters. Employment enterprises should learn from the experience of many enterprises in recruiting banquet wives, relax the age limit appropriately, consider accepting male waiters, expand the scope of enterprise selection, and alleviate the shortage of employees. (V) Developing labor resources in poverty-stricken areas to achieve a win-win situation. A large number of wealthy rural laborers in China have entered cities. After years of hard work, many wealthy rural laborers have mastered one or several skills and realized job transfer. However, in many poor and backward areas, there are still many rich laborers who can't be effectively and reasonably utilized because of information occlusion and backward concepts. If we guide, organize and utilize this part of labor reasonably, we can effectively alleviate the current shortage of catering waiters.