Investigation Report on Water Resources 1 Present Situation of Water Resources in China
The present situation of water resources in China is not optimistic. China is a country with severe drought and water shortage. The total amount of fresh water resources is 2.8 trillion cubic meters, accounting for 6% of the global water resources, ranking fourth in the world, second only to Brazil, Russia and Canada. The average per capita is only 2,200 cubic meters, which is only 1/4 of the world average, 1/5 in the United States, 1 in the world and 652 1 in the world. After deducting the hard-to-use flood runoff and groundwater resources scattered in remote areas, the available fresh water resources in China are even less, only about 1 1000 billion cubic meters, and the per capita available water resources are about 900 cubic meters, and the distribution is extremely uneven. By the end of the 20th century, more than 400 cities in China were short of water, among which 1 10 cities were seriously short of water, with a total water shortage of 6 billion cubic meters.
According to the monitoring, the groundwater in most cities in China is polluted to a certain extent, and it is getting worse year by year. The increasingly serious water pollution not only reduces the use function of water, but also intensifies the contradiction of water shortage, which seriously affects the sustainable development strategy being implemented in China, and also seriously threatens the drinking water safety of urban residents and the health of the people.
Evaluation of Water Resources in China
In the early 1980s, with the support of the Ministry of Water Resources, the first national water resources assessment was carried out. Based on the hydrometeorological data of 1956- 1979, the national water resources were assessed.
(1) Total precipitation. The average annual precipitation during 1956- 1979 is 6.2 trillion cubic meters, which is equivalent to the precipitation depth of 648mm, which is about 20% lower than the global land average. Affected by climate and topography, the regional distribution of precipitation is extremely uneven, decreasing from the southeast coast to the northwest inland. The average annual precipitation in Taiwan Province Province is 2535 mm, while the average annual precipitation in Tarim Basin and Qaidam Basin is less than 25 mm. ..
(2) River runoff. In China, about 56% of the precipitation evaporates through land and returns to the air, and the remaining 44% forms runoff. The national river runoff is 2.7 trillion cubic meters, equivalent to the runoff depth of 284 mm, of which the groundwater discharge is 678 billion cubic meters, accounting for about 27%; Glacier meltwater supplies 56 billion cubic meters, accounting for about 2%; The inflow of foreign water is about17.2 billion cubic meters.
(3) Soil water flux. According to the estimation of land evapotranspiration and groundwater discharge, the soil water flux in China is about 4.2 trillion cubic meters, of which about 16% is recharged to the groundwater aquifer by gravity, and finally discharged by rivers to form a river-based flow, and the remaining 3.5 trillion cubic meters is consumed by soil and vegetation evapotranspiration.
(4) Groundwater resources. Groundwater resources refer to the total amount of groundwater directly related to precipitation and surface water. According to the present situation of water resources development and utilization, the national average groundwater resources for many years is about 828.8 billion cubic meters, including 676.2 billion cubic meters in hilly areas, 654.38+0874 billion cubic meters in plain areas, and the repeated exchange between mountainous areas and plain areas is about 34.8 billion cubic meters.
(5) Total water resources. After deducting the duplication of mutual transformation between surface water and groundwater, the total water resources in China is 2.8 trillion cubic meters; Its water volume is more than river runoff 1009 billion cubic meters, which is a part of precipitation and surface water recharge in plains, valleys and basins. Without exploiting groundwater, this part of water is consumed in the form of phreatic water evaporation. By exploiting groundwater, some water can be obtained from evaporation and used. After calculation, the average annual phreatic evaporation in the northern plain is 84.4 billion cubic meters, and that in the southern plain is11900 million cubic meters.
Why is China short of water?
Experts believe that the main reason of water shortage in China is man-made. "The deeper the groundwater is pumped, the farther the water source is, and more and more cities take water from a long distance, and the higher the water consumption cost". This is a true portrayal of the current water shortage in China. Not only is there a shortage of water resources, but the pollution problem is becoming more and more serious: there is no surface water that can be directly drunk around all large and medium-sized cities in China, and the surface water that can be directly drunk in the vast rural areas is gradually decreasing.
Liang Xing, a professor at China Geo University, said that the south of China is rich in raw water, while the north is short of water, but it can maintain a certain balance. Now the rivers, lakes and seas in the south are basically polluted, resulting in water shortage; Due to the indiscriminate exploitation and overuse of groundwater in the north, water has become a scarce substance in the north. This is artificially amplified water shortage. Although the north is seriously short of water, it is using agricultural flooding to waste the already scarce water resources; The construction of paper mills and other seriously polluted enterprises has polluted valuable surface water and even groundwater, resulting in a more shortage of water resources. The problem of water pollution in the south has not been contained, and the Huangpu River can best illustrate the problem. Due to serious water pollution, the water in the whole river is not drinkable. The problems in the Pearl River are also very serious. She said that the rational development, utilization and protection of water resources is imminent.
At present, there are at least 129 kinds of substances that pollute water bodies, and the expansion trend is obvious. Inorganic substances, heavy metals, organic substances, etc. , will make the organism sick, die or cause gene mutation. The treatment of water pollution is not a frontier science, except for a small part of sewage, which has not yet found a good treatment method, most of the sewage can be treated.
What should we do in the face of this severe water resource trend?
Kitchen water:
1, cleaning cookware, tableware, if the oil is too heavy, you can use useless plastic bags to wipe off the oil first (the effect is very good), and then rinse it clean.
2. Washing dishes and chopsticks with rice washing water, noodle soup, overnight tea can remove oil and save water consumption and detergent pollution.
3. Where there is a lot of dirt or grease, you can first use the used tea bag (washed and dried) to smear some cooked oil on the dirty place, and then wipe it with a dishcloth stained with detergent, which is easy to decontaminate.
4. When washing vegetables and fruits, don't wash them directly under the tap, try to put them in a water container and adjust the washing order. For example, leaves and fruits can be washed first, and then root vegetables can be washed; Peel and mud the vegetables with skin first, and then clean them. When washing, the amount of water should be as small as possible.
The last water for washing vegetables can be used as the first water for washing dishes after meals.
6. Don't use water to help thaw food.
Personal cleaning water:
7. Don't always turn on the tap when washing hands, washing face and brushing teeth. You should drain water intermittently. For example, when washing your hands and face, turn off the tap when soaping, and turn off the tap when brushing your teeth. Turn down the tap water when washing your hands.
8, reduce the number of baths, each bath, control the amount of water, about one-third of the water in the bathtub.
9. Collect the released clean water and preheat it for washing clothes.
10 When taking a bath, stand in a collection container to collect used water for flushing the toilet or scrubbing the floor. Don't turn on the shower head for a long time. If the temperature permits, wet your body and hair first, then turn off the shower nozzle, use shower gel and shampoo, and wash for the last time.
12, bathing too often is not good for skin health, and it is most suitable to bathe 2 ~ 4 times a month in early spring. Shower can save 80% more water than bath. Shower intermittently, don't be afraid of trouble when scrubbing, and turn off the water flow in time; The water after bathing can be used for washing clothes, flushing toilets and mopping the floor. When using the shower head to take a bath, master the adjustment of the ratio of cold and hot water; Don't leave the sprinkler on all the time, let alone turn on the water. Take a quick bath, turn off the shower nozzle when your head and feet are wet, wipe it with soap or bath liquid and rinse it immediately; Don't wash clothes "by the way" when taking a bath; Don't fill the bathtub with bath water. 1/3- 1/4 pots are enough.
Laundry water:
13, concentrate on washing clothes and reduce washing times.
14, reduce the use of washing machines, try not to use the full-use mode, and wash small clothes by hand.
15. When rinsing small clothes, turn off the tap, rinse with running water, and collect the used water in the empty basin below, instead of picking up several pots of water and rinsing for many times. This not only facilitates washing, but also reduces the total water consumption and recovers the collected water.
16. The rinsed water can be used as washing water for the next laundry or for wiping the floor.
17, washing powder should be properly added when washing, and phosphorus-free washing powder should be selected to reduce pollution.
18, clothes should be washed centrally, and the number of laundry should be reduced as much as possible; Hand washing is advocated for small pieces and a small amount of clothes; Put a proper amount of detergent, and excessive detergent will cause a lot of waste of water. When washing a small amount of clothes, the water level is set too high, which not only can't wash clothes cleanly but also wastes water; Washing clothes together can also save water; Leaving the rinsed water to wash dirty clothes can save a lot of fresh water.
Bathroom water saving:
19. If conditions permit, please choose a new water-saving toilet.
20. If you use an old toilet that is not water-saving, you can put a drink bottle filled with water in the water tank of the toilet to reduce the flushing volume. (Note: This method should be careful not to hinder the movement of water in the water tank. )
2 1. Toilets are not trash cans. Don't pour leftovers and other sundries into the toilet to avoid the waste caused by washing these sundries. No matter how big or small the garbage is, it should be removed from the garbage passage, not washed away with water through the toilet.
22. Collect clothes, vegetables and bath water to flush the toilet.
23, regularly check the water tank equipment, timely replacement or maintenance, and don't put detergent and other cleaning items in the water tank, which may cause the aging of the rubber and rubber pad in the water tank, leading to water leakage and waste.
24, reduce the flushing water. It's better to replace it with a water-saving toilet. If the water tank of the toilet is too large, it can be replaced with two-stop water tank fittings; Diagnosis of water leakage in toilet water tank. When the inlet valve fails, water will flow away from the overflow. The failure of the drain valve will cause long running water in the toilet, and the water inlet pipe will keep supplying water to the water tank; Flush the toilet with clean waste water from home, so that one water can be used for multiple purposes.
Other water use:
25. When eating out, try to change dishes as little as possible and reduce the amount of dishes washed in restaurants, thus reducing water consumption.
26. Get into the good habit of turning off the tap.
27. Wash the vehicle with reclaimed water.
28. Educate children to save water and encourage them not to play water-saving games.
29. Don't waste the remaining tea and mineral water to water the flowers.
Don't pour out the water in the kettle before filling it. Can be collected and reused together with other circulating water.
3 1, adjust the tap water valve to control the water quantity, and form the habit of turning down the tap intentionally, thus saving considerable water.
32. Choosing vegetable wax to wash the car without water saves water and is beneficial to car maintenance.
33. Pay attention to frost cracking of outdoor water pipes in winter.
Investigation Report on Water Resources 2 Investigator: * * *
Investigation time: 20xx-4- 17
Survey site: surrounding rivers and lakes.
Survey content: About the water resources in my hometown.
Investigation methods: consulting maps, materials and field trips.
The survey results show that due to China's geographical location and special topography, landform and climate conditions, the characteristics of water resources in China are extremely uneven, especially in Shandong Province, which leads to the gradual decline from the southeast coast to the northwest inland, which is not suitable for the distribution of population and land resources. The Yellow River and the Yangtze River are located on the north and south sides of China, which are rich in water resources.
Zouping county is located in the overlapping area of Yishan District, Shandong Province, Thailand and the Yellow River Plain in northern Shandong Province. It is adjacent to Zibo in the east, Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province in the west, Ji Jiao Railway in the south, backed by the Yellow River, and expressway, Qing Ji, passes through the territory.
Zouping county is short of water resources, accounting for less than half of the national population. The Yellow River water has become an important water resource in zouping county. Only by making good use of the water resources of the Yellow River can we achieve real sustainable development.
The Yellow River water is an important source of water in northwest and north China, but it is very limited and has been cut off many times. The average annual discharge is 58 billion m3/a, which is equivalent to 1/20 of the Yangtze River discharge. However, the actual available flow is only 37 billion cubic meters per year ... because the Yellow River is located in the eastern part of Asia and is located in a densely populated area. With the population growth and the rapid development of industrial and agricultural production along the Yellow River, the water consumption has also increased sharply. The Yellow River water has gradually failed to meet the water demand on both sides of the strait, and the contradiction of water supply in the Yellow River is becoming increasingly fierce. The Yellow River is frequently cut off due to precipitation, and the water crisis has seriously restricted the production and development of industry and agriculture in both sides of the river basin.
Only by strengthening management, adopting a series of measures to carry out reform, strengthening the allocation of water resources and implementing the responsibilities of departments at all levels can our mother river be "young" forever, which is the ultimate goal of harnessing and developing the Yellow River.
The Yellow River water has moistened the land of Zou Liang and promoted the healthy, sustained and rapid development of zouping county's industrial and agricultural economy. Only by protecting it well can it become a strong pillar of sound and rapid economic and social development in zouping county.
Investigation report on water resources. The severe water resources problem in China has once again become the focus of public attention. We should fully realize that saving and protecting water resources and realizing the sustainable utilization of water resources have a long way to go. So important, water nourishes human beings, but at the same time it also makes human beings face the survival and security crisis brought by water environment. In this regard, I made a survey on water resources and water pollution in Yongchang County:
The main source of surface runoff in Yongchang County is atmospheric precipitation, with an annual average precipitation of 127026 cubic meters, an annual average runoff depth of1610.5mm, an annual average runoff of 0.0610.30 billion cubic meters, and a p=20% assurance rate of 0.234/kloc-0. Main aquifer in Yongchang County: (1) Quaternary pore water aquifer; (2) Permian sandstone fractured aquifer; (3) Carbonate Ordovician limestone fissure karst aquifer; (4) Weathering cracks and fissure water of igneous rocks invading the contact zone of surrounding rock; (5) The fractured karst aquifer of oolitic limestone in Zhangxia Formation of Middle Cambrian. There are four main water supply sources in Yongchang County, namely Xincheng Zikou Water Source, Hongshanyao Water Source, Jiaojiazhuang Water Source and Dongqinghe Water Source.
The chemical types of groundwater temperature in Dongqinghe Koutou water source area are relatively simple, and it is a good drinking water source area. 1993 the "east water supply" project has been developed in the east Qinghe area, which mainly provides domestic and industrial water for residents in towns and villages along Zhuwangbao and Shui Yuan. The designed daily water supply of this project is 50,000m3, and the actual daily water supply is 25,000m3.
The aquifer of Zhuwangbao Xiangxiatang water source area is rich in water, good in water quality and easy to mine. After exploration and evaluation, the allowable exploitation amount of this water source is 30,000 m3/d.. 199 1 year, and the East-to-West Water Diversion Project has been built in Dongqinghe District, with a designed daily water supply of 30,000 m3 and an average actual exploitation amount of 24,500 m3/d for many years. ..
There are abundant groundwater recharge sources, developed underground karst fractures, good water conductivity and storage conditions, and large aquifer thickness in Huangcheng water source area. At present, the water source of Yongchang County's "West-to-East Gas Transmission Project" has been built, with a designed daily water supply of 25,000m3.
The surface water sources are mainly Huangcheng Reservoir and Xidahe Water Source. The dam site of Huangcheng Reservoir is located in the middle reaches of Shiyang River Basin, 35 kilometers south of Dongzhai Township, Yongchang County. The control basin area above the dam site is 7880km2. The designed total storage capacity of the reservoir is 88.9 million m3, the storage capacity of Li Xing is 79.8 million m3, the dead storage capacity is 765,438+500,000 m3, the Li Xing water level is 234 m, and the dead water level is 205m. It is a large reservoir mainly for flood control, irrigation and urban and rural water supply, and it is an excellent choice for urban drinking water sources. Huangcheng Reservoir plans to provide 200,000 m3/d domestic and industrial water to Yongchang County and jinchang.
With the rapid development of industrial and agricultural production, water pollution and water shortage in Yongchang County are becoming increasingly serious, mainly distributed in the coastal areas of Xihe River and coal-bearing strata such as Hongshanyao, Xinchengzi and Jiaojiazhuang. The main causes of pollution are the cascade pollution of groundwater caused by sewage in the upper reaches of Shiyang River, wastewater discharged by enterprises along the river and mineral resources such as coal.
Therefore, if we don't pay attention to protecting water resources, the situation of water pollution will be more serious.
It is urgent to protect water resources. In order to curb the deterioration of the water environment, relevant departments are stepping up conservation and protection. At the National Conference of Water Conservancy Directors, Wang Nucheng, Minister of Water Resources, proposed to change the past situation of attaching importance to the development, utilization and management of water resources, ignoring the allocation, conservation and protection of water resources, and regard water conservation and protection as a major national policy to realize the transformation from engineering water conservancy to resource water conservancy and from traditional water conservancy to modern water conservancy and sustainable water conservancy.
It is understood that the state will take practical measures to strengthen preservation and protection on the basis of comprehensive planning and comprehensive management. In terms of planning, we will change the simple way of engineering planning in the past, and put projects such as saving, optimal scheduling of water resources and water environmental protection in an important position to speed up construction and development. Institutionally, it is necessary to strengthen the function of river basin management, actively promote the establishment of the management system of urban water affairs bureau, and provide institutional guarantee for the scientific allocation of water resources. In management, we should formulate and improve scientific management science and measures, make full use of economic levers such as water price and water resources, and adopt effective scientific and economic means to realize the optimal allocation of water resources, improve the utilization rate of water resources and give full play to comprehensive benefits. In the rule of law, we should resolutely implement the water law, flood control law, soil and water conservation law and other relevant laws and regulations, do a good job in supporting the construction of relevant laws and regulations, especially the revision of the water law, strengthen law enforcement, and adhere to the management of water resources according to law. In scientific research, we should break through the previous scientific research mode of water conservancy engineering science, not only strengthen the basic science of water conservancy, but also develop comprehensive science and interdisciplinary science. We should not only study the problems of water conservancy projects, especially key projects, but also closely focus on the prominent contradictions and problems faced by China's water conservancy, study the relationship between various control measures, scientifically allocate them, promote the close combination of water resources management and economic development, and promote the coordination and unity of economic, social and environmental benefits.
Saving is the key to protect water resources.
Saving water is beneficial to the present and the future. The way to save water resources is actually very simple.
On the one hand, we should start from the enterprise, because the water consumption of enterprises accounts for a considerable proportion, and enterprises use more water at one time. If enterprises do not save water, even if workers save water, it will not help much. On the one hand, you will inadvertently save a lot of water by developing good water-saving habits in your daily life. Here are some water-saving common sense in daily life: waste of brushing teeth: continuous drainage for 30 seconds, water consumption of about 6 liters; Water consumption is 3 cups and 0.6 liter. A family of three can save 486 liters of water every month twice a day.
Laundry waste: The washing machine continuously adopts the washing-water injection-dehydration-water injection-dehydration mode, with water consumption of 1 10 liter per time and water saving of 55 liters per time. Washing for four times a day can save 220 liters of water. In addition, centralized laundry can reduce the number of laundry; Hand washing is advocated for small pieces and a small amount of clothes, which can save a lot of water; Too much detergent will waste a lot of water. Bathing waste: a long uninterrupted water shower will waste a lot of water. Too much bath water, or even overflow, or open the water plug and inject water at the same time, the waste will be amazing.
Water saving: intermittent shower (such as bicycle, induction, etc.). ). Turn off the water in time when scrubbing. Avoid taking a long shower. The water after bathing can be used for washing clothes, washing cars, flushing toilets and mopping floors. Kitchen waste: the tap was turned on and washed for a long time. Boiling water for too long, a lot of water vapor evaporates. Rinse vegetables and fruits with tap water.
Water-saving: first wipe the oil stains on cookware and tableware with paper, and then clean it, which can save water. Control the flow of the faucet, and change the uninterrupted flushing into intermittent flushing.
Waste of car washing: rinse with water pipe for 20 minutes and use about 240 liters of water.
Water saving: 3 barrels of water are needed for car washing, and the water consumption is about 30 liters. Wash the car with car wash water, car wash water. Rinse with a water-saving spray gun. Use mechanical automatic car washing, car washing water treatment recycling.
Everyone knows how to save water after reading my introduction!
Building a conservation-oriented society is a "social revolution" related to the harmonious coexistence between man and nature. How to save water and protect water resources has become an unavoidable and necessary problem to realize sustainable development, and saving water and protecting water resources is not only a realistic problem, but also a conceptual problem.
Investigator: Zhang Yuxia.
Investigation report on water resources 4 I. Basic situation of water resources
In recent years, the pace of economic transformation in our city is getting faster and faster, and many large projects have landed one after another, further highlighting the problem of water shortage in our city. In view of the shortage of supply and demand, over-exploitation and deterioration of water resources environment in our city, the water resources situation in our city was investigated.
Zoucheng city has a total of 534 million cubic meters of water resources for many years, with an exploitable amount of 296 million cubic meters and a per capita possession of 450 cubic meters, which is only one-fifth of the national per capita possession, and belongs to a water crisis area. At the same time, the geographical distribution of water resources is uneven. Groundwater resources are mainly distributed in Zouxi water source in Zhongdian-Beisu-Pingyang Temple-Taiping area, tangcun water source with tangcun as the center and the newly discovered Jiulong Mountain water source. However, despite the abundant surface runoff in Zoudongshan hilly area, the available water resources are very scarce due to the lack of water storage projects and the disrepair of existing projects.
The water source of Zouxi is Quaternary water, with a buried depth of 20 ~ 30m and an annual exploitable output of 64 million cubic meters. At present, the mining capacity is 70 million cubic meters, and an over-exploitation funnel area of more than 70 square kilometers has been formed. The groundwater level is decreasing year by year, which has a serious impact on industrial and agricultural production. There are nearly 80 thousand mu of coal mining subsidence areas in this area, which are divided into many unconnected small pieces. Because each block only accumulates rainfall in a single watershed in the subsidence area, the annual change is large and the guarantee rate is low. It is basically passive water and cannot meet the demand of industrial water. Although Sihe River and Baima River, the two largest rivers in our city, pass through Zouxi area, most of the runoff directly flows into Nansi Lake because of the serious pollution of the two rivers and the lack of sewage interception, diversion and waterlogging storage projects.
Ordovician limestone water is the main water source in tangcun, with a depth of more than 80 meters, large reserves and good water quality. After exploration by the Third Provincial Team, the daily recoverable amount is 2,595,438+0,000 cubic meters. In the last century, it has been identified as the water source of Zouxian Power Plant. Due to the sharp decrease of urban public water supply sources and the sharp increase of water consumption, municipal water supply company, Zouxi Community of Yankuang Group, Nantun Coal Mine and other units have also drilled wells to get water from tangcun water source. Coupled with local agricultural irrigation water, today's water intake is nearly 300,000 cubic meters, which is also in an over-exploitation state.
Jiulongshan water source area is rich in groundwater, which is one of the three underground water-rich areas in Shandong Province, with a total reserve of 654.38+0.7 billion cubic meters, equivalent to the storage capacity of half Weishan Lake. There is no obvious and potential pollution source in this area, and the groundwater is in the original state, but the exploitable amount has not been proved.
The hilly area of Zoudongshan has a total area of 1 0,050.8 square kilometers, with an average annual rainfall of more than 730 mm and an average annual rainfall of 767 million cubic meters, forming a surface runoff of 23 1 10,000 cubic meters. Up to now, Zoudong * * * has built 84 small (II) reservoirs with a drainage area of 350.3 square kilometers, a total storage capacity of166 million cubic meters and a storage capacity of 0.7 1 100 million cubic meters, accounting for 30.7% of the surface runoff. Because the eastern hilly region is characterized by high middle and low periphery, it is like a "subsurface", which is easy to cause soil erosion and the water source changes greatly, so it is difficult to be used as the water source for industrial projects. According to estimates, about 65.438+0.6 billion cubic meters of runoff carries 3 million tons of soil to surrounding cities and counties every year, and there are 50 million cubic meters of runoff in Chengqian Town and Gehe River alone.
Affected by topography, landforms and geological conditions of water, although the amount of precipitation resources in this city is gradually decreasing from east to west (the annual runoff in Zoudong is 200,000-250,000 m3/year, and the annual runoff in Zouxi is 500-65438+ 10,000 m3/year), because the water storage conditions in the east are worse than those in the west, the groundwater resources in the west have greater utilization advantages than those in the east, while the development potential of surface runoff in Zoudong is relatively large.
The precipitation in our city is mainly concentrated from June to September every year, and it is mostly caused by several heavy rains. The average annual precipitation from June to September in flood season generally accounts for 73.8% of the annual precipitation. Surface water resources are mainly concentrated in the flood season, and the runoff from June to September accounts for 88% of the annual runoff, forming the hydrological characteristics of spring drought, summer waterlogging and late autumn drought. The task of drought and flood control in this city is relatively heavy. On the other hand, it also shows the necessity of retaining surface runoff in Zoudong.
Second, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources.
The third phase of Zouxian Power Plant and the expansion project of Liyan Power Plant have been completed. Because there is no suitable water source in our city, we have to take water from Weishan County and Yanzhou City. The daily water intake of the two enterprises is 80,000 cubic meters. The daily water demand of 500,000-ton methanol project in Guo Hong Chemical Industry Phase I, Zoucheng Thermal Power Plant Project and Zouxian Power Plant Phase IV Project is 6,543,800 cubic meters. According to the daily water supply of 43,000 cubic meters after the reinforcement of Xiwei Reservoir and 40,000 cubic meters after the joint dispatching with Mo Ting Reservoir, the daily water supply of urban industries and residents is less than 77,000 cubic meters.
With the development of investment promotion in our city in recent years, the implementation of the strategy of southern Shandong Economic Belt and the construction of China cultural symbol city projects, the water consumption will further increase, and the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources will become more prominent. At present, the available water resources in Zoucheng City is 296 million cubic meters. According to the comprehensive planning of water resources in Zoucheng, it is predicted that the water demand of social and economic sectors in Zoucheng will be 4.7 1 m3 and 497 million m3 in 20xx and 20xx respectively. According to the available water resources, the water shortage is 65.438+0.7 billion cubic meters and 206.5438+0 billion cubic meters respectively. It can be seen that the shortage of water resources has become and will become a major bottleneck in the economic and social development of our city for a long time.
Three, the main problems in the development and utilization of water resources
Water conservancy projects have played an important role in ensuring national economic and social development. As the basic material to ensure development, water conservancy strongly supports social and economic development. However, in the development and utilization of water resources, there are still some problems that cannot be ignored and need to be solved urgently in our city, mainly including:
(a) the water conservancy project is aging, disrepair, low supporting rate and in urgent need of maintenance.
Most of the water conservancy projects in our city were built in the 1960s. There are some problems in design, construction and operation management, which affect the use function and safety of the projects. In particular, due to the above factors and water quality, water storage and pumping projects have not been fully utilized.
(B) the surface water storage capacity is low, and the water supply source structure is unreasonable.
The hilly area in the east of our city is rich in surface water resources, and the topographic conditions for the construction of surface water storage projects are also favorable, with great development potential. In the west, there are also good river conditions and water storage conditions (using coal mining subsidence as storage capacity), but they are not fully utilized. At present, the available water supply provided by urban surface water storage accounts for only 34.4% of surface water resources, 9.5% of surface water supply and 90.5% of groundwater supply. At present, the deep groundwater accounts for 16.9% of the groundwater exploitation, which leads to the deterioration of hydrogeological environment such as land subsidence, cracking and groundwater falling into the funnel in some areas.
(3) The allocation of water supply sources is unreasonable and the spatial distribution of water supply sources is contradictory.
At present, the water source of industrial and mining water is basically groundwater. Even the Xiwei Reservoir with great development potential can only supply 20,000 cubic meters of water to He Guohong Thermal Power Plant at present. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the city has built irrigation and drainage stations and pumping stations 16 in Baima River Basin, with a total designed water intake of 75 million cubic meters. At present, only 1 irrigation and drainage station (Guo Zhuang) operates normally, and the water intake index is wasted, not to mention taking water from the lake to supply water to towns and industrial and mining areas. In addition to natural factors, the problems existing in the management mechanism should also be paid enough attention.
(d) The quality of water sources is worrying, which seriously affects the safety of water resources and the environment.
The quality of water resources in hilly areas in the east and low mountains in the southwest of our city is good. Most of the rivers in the western region are water that exceeds the environmental quality standard of surface water, and the groundwater has also been polluted to varying degrees, especially along the river below Dashahe city, where surface water leakage is more polluted.
Due to improper management of water supply and drainage in individual enterprises, the local groundwater has been seriously polluted. For example, the groundwater in Zoucheng Yingkelai Power Plant has been yellowish brown, and the hexavalent chromium exceeds the standard by more than 50 times.
(e) Agricultural water consumption is high and water use efficiency is low.
At present, agricultural water consumption (farmland irrigation, agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery) accounts for 54.6% of the city's total water consumption. Although this ratio is reasonable in the national water consumption structure, it should be further optimized relative to the socio-economic structure of our city. At the same time, there are some problems in agricultural irrigation channels, such as disrepair, aging projects, water leakage and so on.
(VI) The industrial water consumption is growing rapidly and the demand is large, so the water use efficiency needs to be improved.
Compared with the early 1990s, the industrial water consumption in our city has doubled, accounting for the proportion of the total water consumption in the city.