Although more than 40 years have passed, in April of 199 1, an article titled "Jiangyin Fortress Destroyed by Tang Jiaban" was published on the cover of the fourth issue of Biography published by Taiwan Province Province, saying that "the Kuomintang should remember the historical dagger in its heart." It is enough to show that the Jiangyin fortress uprising dealt a heavy blow to the Kuomintang reactionaries!
The Yangtze River is wide and narrow from Nanjing to Jiangyin, especially near Jiangyin. Due to the control of Huangshan bedrock, the river surface shrinkage is only 1200 meters wide. Once crossing Jiangyin, the river suddenly opened up and formed a trumpet shape.
After the Huaihai Campaign, Chiang Kai-shek was unwilling to fail. While creating a conspiracy of "peace talks", he pieced together the remaining military forces and actively arranged "defense against the Yangtze River" in an attempt to continue fighting the natural barrier of the Yangtze River. At this time, the fire equipment and defense situation of Jiangyin fortress are as follows: the artillery main station equipment 100 mm cannon and 100 mm cannon, the March 7th War 16 anti-aircraft gun, and two guns on February 25th, with a total of 42 guns and more than 0,000 soldiers/KLOC-0. Swimming artillery regiment, about 3000 people, has three battalions and is equipped with 36 anti-aircraft guns during the May 7th War. Among the heavy artillery, there is a German Krupp 18 150 cannon with a range of 13250 meters; German-made 18 150 howitzer with a range of 15 100 m; Bofors cannon made in Germany, with a range of 22,000 meters; American Bosley 155 cannon with a range of 22,860m. The firing rate of the above heavy guns is 3 ~ 5 rounds per minute. 57 anti-aircraft gun (made in America) has a range of 9930m, and its firing rate is 10 rounds per minute. These guns were the largest caliber advanced weapons in the world at that time. Jiangyin fortress is equipped with nearly 100 guns, which is more powerful than a group army of Kuomintang. Controlling the narrow river and the Han River, which are 25 kilometers east and west of Jiangyin, can achieve a tightly sealed fire density. Infantry light and heavy firearms can be said to be completely effective in attacking ships on the river 1000 meters. Our army crossed the river from the front of Jiangyin, and it would be very difficult not to seize the fortress. There is also a guard corps, which consists of three brigades; About 3,000 people, equivalent to a reinforced infantry regiment; There are about 200 engineering battalions; The total strength is about 7,000 people, which is equivalent to setting up a division. Especially after 1948, Dai Rongguang, the commander of a "younger generation" fortress, was replaced to strengthen river defense in an attempt to prevent the PLA from crossing the river from the east. Dai Rongguang became the commander of Jiangyin fortress because of Tang's help. It is precisely because Jiangyin Fortress is known as the "gateway to defend the Yangtze River" that it has always been a battleground for military strategists. Some people in the Kuomintang army are obsessed with money and think that the commander of Jiangyin fortress is a good job that can make a lot of money. Because the fortress is related to the card in Jiangyin Huangtian Port, it is a traffic tunnel between the north and the south of the Yangtze River, and it can smuggle and accept bribes; Income of reeds along the Yangtze River; There are mines near the fortress, and there are hundreds of acres of fertile land for rent in the fortress; Plus, you can buy shares in Jiangyin Cotton Yarn Factory, and you can sit on the ground and pay dividends; You can also use the fortress Public Offering of Fund to speculate in Shanghai; There are also extra money such as eating soldiers. Therefore, in May of 1948, among them, Kong Qinggui (a native of Yizheng, Jiangsu, graduated from Baoding Military Academy) resigned as the commander of the fortress. After the news of living in an apartment was revealed, the number of people who sponsored Chiang Kai-shek to come to the fortress continued. Kong Qinggui once sponsored Li Daogong, head of the 5th1Artillery Regiment of Jiangyin Fortress, or Xia Qi, chief of staff, to succeed the commander of the fortress. Hu Zongnan also recommended Guan Ruichong as a joke. Chiang Kai-shek wanted to choose a "younger generation" from Huangpu Department for this position, so none of these referees were approved.
At that time, Dai Rongguang was serving as the Director of Major General of Ordnance Department of Nanjing Army Headquarters. Because Gu and Dai, the commander-in-chief of the army, are fellow villagers in northern Jiangsu, and they are related, underground Tang, party member and others think that Dai Rongguang's brother Dai Keguang and his brother Dai Shuguang are revolutionary cadres and people who can be close in the future, so they use Gu's subtle relationship to carry out secret work in the Military Affairs Bureau of the Kuomintang government. As far as possible, Dai Rongguang was listed as the first candidate, and Dai's evaluation materials were particularly well written, so Chiang Kai-shek circled Dai Rongguang, the director of the Military Affairs Bureau, Yu Jishi, who ranked first in the submission.
A few days later, Chiang Kai-shek personally summoned Dai Rongguang in the official residence and made a short speech before taking office. In addition to encouraging politeness, he also gave strict instructions on the overall defense of Jiangyin fortress. Since then, Dai Rongguang went to Jiangyin Fortress to take office. As early as the spring of 1946, Tang (then the first secretary of Sheyang County Committee of Central China * * * *) accepted his fourth brother Tang (graduated from Huangpu 10, and was then the head of the special forces division of the Kuomintang Ministry of National Defense) and his fifth brother Tang (1938) to join the New Fourth Army in February, and then joined Huangpu/kloc-0. The content of the letter is "it is difficult for us to do small-scale business when we work alone outside." I hope to go home and do big business. " Tang immediately reported to Ying Diqiu, secretary of the five prefectural committees in Central China. According to the struggle situation at that time, the battalion clearly instructed them to stay in the Kuomintang army and do underground work, and sent people to get in touch with them secretly.
/kloc-in the spring of 0/947, the five places in Central China appointed the deputy head of Shanggang District Committee (Tang's cousin) to go to Shanghai via Jianyang County Committee (now jianhu county) to meet Tang, and asked his brother Tang to stay in the White Area and "go deep into the Kuomintang troops to seize power". And convey the superior indicators: in order to disperse the enemy's forces attacking the liberated areas, directly reduce the pressure of the enemy attacking the liberated areas, and lead the battle to the Kuomintang-ruled areas, the party decided to send a vanguard column to cross the river from Jiangyin, open up a new battlefield in the south of the Yangtze River, and directly threaten Nanjing, the heart of the Kuomintang. At this point, Tang has been transferred to Jiangyin fortress as the colonel's chief of staff. Through his introduction, Tang was appointed as the main staff officer in charge of the fortress work in the Third Hall (War Room) of the Ministry of National Defense. Since then, he has been serving as an underground political traffic police, responsible for maintaining a single-line contact with the Tang brothers and often traveling between Jiangbei and Jiangnan. 1June, 948, Tang Jianhua was arrested in Bugu, Zhenjiang. Since then, Zhong * * * has reassigned Wu Ming as a political traffic policeman, who is responsible for contacting the Tang brothers. Soon, party member Tang Zhongheng (Tang's cousin) was sent to Jiangyin and set up a fixed liaison station, directly under the leadership of the Party Committee of Subei District.
1At the end of June, 1947, the two armies of the People's Liberation Army, Liu and Deng, crossed the Yellow River to the Dabie Mountains, led Chiang Kai-shek's main force, crushed the rampant attack of the die-hards on the liberated areas, and opened the curtain of our army's strategic and political advancement. Due to the strategic action of advancing into the Central Plains, it was originally scheduled to send an advance column to Jiangyin to open up a new guerrilla base area, threatening the suspension of Nanjing's operational plan.
1947, 1 1, East China Bureau established Central China Working Committee. In order to strengthen the resistance against the Kuomintang troops, the Central China Working Committee decided to list Yin Ting Fortress as the focus of resistance. In the same month, Guan, member of the Standing Committee of the Central China Working Committee and commander of the Central China Command of the East China Field Army, approved Tang, Tang and Wu (a native of Yancheng County, graduated from Huangpu in the eighth stage) on behalf of the Central China Working Committee and became cousins with Tang. At that time, he served as a colonel's staff officer in the first hall of the Kuomintang Ministry of National Defense, and three people were specially underground in party member. Since then, the seeds of revolution have been planted inside Jiangyin fortress.
During this period, Chen Pixian, secretary of the Central China Working Committee, and Guan, commander of the Central China Command, repeatedly gave clear instructions on the counter-insurgency work of Jiangyin Fortress: "We should strengthen the upper-level work", "We should vigorously grasp the strength" and "We should try to overhead the fortress commander Kong Qinggui". "Special caution", "absolute secrecy" and "working among quite reliable people". This is extremely beneficial to the rebellion of the underground party in Jiangyin fortress.
According to the instructions of the Central China Working Committee, Tang and other underground special party member took advantage of the relationship between classmates, fellow villagers and colleagues, and took measures such as connecting feelings and helping solve difficulties to unite the middle and lower-level officers who were excluded and dissatisfied with Kuomintang rule. In the * * * underground party member, Tang and others gained the trust of Dai Rongguang, so they used Dai Rongguang's expansion to increase their troops. According to the intention of the Central China Working Committee in northern Jiangsu, Dai Rongguang stepped forward and skillfully transferred Wu and his classmates from Huangpu Military Academy-Wang Derong, former deputy director of the Ordnance Department (later party member, the underground special commission of * * *), to Jiangyin fortress, and Wu served as the chief of staff (before the uprising). After Wu and Wang Derong arrived at Jiangyin fortress, the strength of the underground party in the fortress was strengthened and the rebellion work was further deepened. They fought for unity in the artillery headquarters, the mobile artillery regiment, the detachment directly under the headquarters, and the newly formed engineering barracks (Tang needed to be the battalion commander because of his work). Shortly before the uprising, the real power of several units in Jiangyin fortress was always in the hands of party member and Dai Rongguang, commander of the fortress, and Jiangyin underground party completely controlled the fortress.
The activities of the underground party in Jiangyin fortress once aroused the suspicion of the other party. /kloc-in the winter of 0/948, several fleeing landlords from northern Jiangsu in Jiangyin and Shanghai reported to the Jiangsu Provincial Security Command of the Kuomintang: "There is a colonel named Tang in Jiangyin Fortress, and his brother is an unreliable producer." Although these words were a great threat to Tang, Dai Rongguang's trust in Tang played a "protective" role. On one occasion, Dai Rongguang attended a joint defense meeting of the Jiangsu provincial government. Ding, commander of the first appeasement area of the Kuomintang and chairman of the Jiangsu provincial government, and the security commander all asked Dai about Tang. Dai Rongguang had a good idea and quickly explained, "The legends of the Tang Dynasty are all guesses. I know his roots. He is a younger brother (referring to the late Huangpu classmate) and loyal to the headmaster. His brother is a producer of * * * and his own! I also have a younger brother who is a producer. Am I also a producer of * *? Therefore, this legend cannot be trusted. " After Dai said this, some upper-class people did dispel their doubts, but later some die-hards had doubts about Dai Rongguang. Li Zongren, the acting president of the Kuomintang, once received a tip-off, saying: "The activities of the * * * production party in Jiangyin fortress are rampant, and Dai Rongguang, the commander of the fortress, is ready to rebel when the * * * army crosses the river." Li Zongren went to the staff office to discuss the matter and offered to get rid of Dai. Gu thought the rumor was not to be believed, saying that Dai was a Huangpu student and was highly valued by Chiang Kai-shek, and was appointed as the commander of the fortress. Besides, Gu said that he had nothing to do with his relatives. At the same time, the head of the military system, who was placed in Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou and garrison headquarters by the Ministry of National Defense, also got the news and was preparing to attack Dai. Later, Vencent Yang, a fellow countryman and head of the Shanghai military system, also surnamed Gu and saved Dai Rongguang in front of Mao Sen.
After the victory of the three major battles of the People's Liberation Army, the battle of crossing the river was ready, and the rebellion in the fortress also reached a critical moment. 1February, 949, Tang attended an operational meeting in the Kuomintang Ministry of National Defense, and took the opportunity to obtain the top secret military information of the Kuomintang's "Outline of the Deployment and Operational Plan of the Yangtze River Defence Force" personally approved by Chiang Kai-shek. He came to Jiangyin fortress in the name of visiting relatives, and studied the struggle situation and fortress rebellion with Tang, Wu, Wang Derong and others in the main service desk office of Huangshan fortress. In order to prepare for our army to cross the river successfully, it was decided that Tang secretly crossed the river, reported to the Central Working Committee and asked for specific tasks.
1949 On the night of the second day of the second lunar month, Tang disguised himself as a businessman and secretly crossed the river in Zhangjiagang under the arrangement and cover of party member Wu, the general garrison commander of the fortress and the underground special commission. After many hardships and dangers, I finally arrived in Jiangbei and met Comrade Tang in Yancheng. Later, accompanied by Comrade Tang, he went to Huaiyin and reported the whole situation in detail to the leaders of China and the central government. He was welcomed by the leading comrades such as Fang Pixian, Wang Wei and Wang Wei, and spoke highly of the work of the underground party in Jiangyin Fortress.
On behalf of the Central China Working Committee, according to the current situation and the spirit of the the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Conference, Comrade Guan gave a series of instructions on the tasks of the anti-insurgency work of the fortress underground party and the preparations for crossing the river. He said: "National liberation is not far away, and our army is near crossing the river." We need a huge army to cross the river from Jiangyin, which is the main direction and place for our army to cross the river. This is a strategy, not a tactic. The underground works of the fortress have reached the final stage. Your task is to ensure the smooth and safe landing of the troops crossing the river and consolidate the landing point. Organize this uprising with the underground party as the center, get out of the way, and cover it with artillery fire from the fortress battery when necessary to ensure the safety of our army crossing the river. This burden is heavy and hard. "
1April, 949, on the eve of the Battle of Duting, Wang Zhiming, the intelligence chief of the Ministry of Social Affairs, was dispatched by the East China Bureau and arranged by the Central China Working Committee, and was secretly detained in Jiangyin Fortress to assist the underground party organizations in rebellion.
At the beginning of April, in order to cooperate with the army to cross the river, the Central China Working Committee handed over the rebellion of Jiangyin fortress to the leadership of the Party Committee of the Tenth Corps of the Third Field Army of the People's Liberation Army. Ye Fei, commander of the 10th Corps of Sanye at that time, and Wei Guoqing, political commissar, told Wang Zhiming, who was sent to Jiangyin to cooperate with the underground party of the fortress, that the basic task of the rebellion in the fortress of Yin Ting was: "Keep a 60-mile defense zone, control three or four ports, and welcome our troops to land. The so-called greeting means not shooting, not shooting. Completing this is Ting Du's first achievement. " According to the requirements of party member Tang and others in the underground of the fortress, Xu Yixun and Liu Derong, the heads of the 10th Corps of Sanye and the instructors of the 29th Army, secretly entered Jiangyin Fort under the cover of "guards" and "orderlies" respectively, and Tang and Tang put them in the artillery headquarters, the swimming artillery regiment and the police regiment.
On the evening of April 18, Wang Zhiming arrived in Jiangnan under the escort of the traffic police of the Central Jiangnan Working Committee, and also entered the Yin Ting fortress. The next afternoon, Wang Zhiming called the underground party member of the fortress, and conveyed the command of the commander of the 10th Corps of Sanye and the password of the fortress troops on the day of the uprising, as well as the white cloth on his left arm as a mark, and made a specific division of labor. After the meeting, the fortress underground party took action to prepare for the army crossing the river. 1April 20, 949, the peace talks between the two sides failed. Dai Rongguang received an order from Ding, commander of Chiang Kai-shek's first appeasement area, to "prepare for war" and drove to Huangshan Fort to take command in the afternoon. At night, Chiang Kai-shek's 2nd1Army Division145th Division, which was arranged as the bridgehead in Jingjiang Bawei, was attacked by the PLA. The chief of staff of this division called Tang, the stationmaster of the fortress gun station, and asked for "artillery support". After receiving the call, Tang expressed his support and ordered the Huangshan Fort to reduce its range by 400 meters, so that the shells landed on the position of Chiang Kai-shek Army 145 Division. Some telephone lines were interrupted because of the dense shells, which made the army howl like wolves. 145 division commander was so anxious that he begged on the phone: "Please stop shelling!" At this time, Commander Ye Fei of the 10th Sanye Corps in Jiangbei also heard clearly from the walkie-talkie. He happily struck the table and ordered: "Time is up, all aboard!"
At about 2 1 am 1 pm, Du Ting's vanguard troops of the People's Liberation Army landed in Xiaoshan and the northern foot of Changshan. Xu Yixun, an underground party member, received the landing troops from the People's Liberation Army Pavilion at the foot of Xiaoshan, and immediately led them to Huangshan to join forces with the fortress uprising troops.
After two o'clock in the morning, judging from various situations, it was confirmed that the striker of the Duting troops of the People's Liberation Army had arrived at the south bank. In order to cooperate with the army crossing the river, Tang and Li arranged to cut off the external traffic of Jiangyin fortress immediately. On the other hand, the appointed artillery company was arranged to carry out a feint shooting plan (that is, to launch shells without insurance and fuze) to continue to confuse Chiang Kai-shek.
At this point, Dai Rongguang is in the command post at the reception desk. His boat begging guard has been managed by underground party member, and he himself has been monitored by comrades Tang, Wu Ming and others, but he is still kept in the dark. It was not until Tang ordered the firing of the unfurled torch bomb that Dai Rongguang found that the situation was not good and shouted angrily, "What gun did you shoot?" Is this a welcome gift? ! "But it is too late, and there is no guardian around him. Although he had a few words in his heart, he said nothing.
At dawn, Xu Yixun led the vanguard troops of the People's Liberation Army to cross the river to the foot of Huangshan Mountain, joined forces with the fortress uprising team, and under the arrangement of Tang Dynasty, he changed posts and stood guard at various fortresses in Huangshan Mountain. After Tang summoned Wu Minghe and others to discuss outside the headquarters command post, the three men rushed into the command post with guns and pointed at Dai Rongguang. Wu Ming announced to Dai Rongguang: "I am the representative of the China People's Liberation Army, and all the officers and men of Jiangyin Fortress announced the uprising." Hearing this, Dai Rongguang turned pale with fear and quickly confessed, "I have never fought with your army. I have always been friendly to your army." Wu Ming said: "We know your situation like the back of our hand, so don't say more!" Dai Rongguang looked at it and said helplessly, "Since it happened, I will hand over the gun!" As he spoke, Dai took off his revolver and bullet bag, stuffed it beside Tang, and then collapsed on the camp bed.
At this point, Tang immediately ordered all artillery companies and mobile artillery regiments in Jiangyin fortress to turn the muzzle and hold a battlefield uprising. Our Yugoslav army failed to cross the river on the eastern front without firing a shot. At that time, Jiangyin Fortress Uprising shocked China and foreign countries. However, the fact has passed, but there have been different opinions for many years. Someone in the Kuomintang once said that the Jiangyin fortress uprising was nonsense, and * * bribed Dai Rongguang, the commander of the fortress, with "500 gold bars". Some people in the party who don't know the truth also have different opinions.
Li Zongren once wrote in his memoirs: "I don't know that when the army crossed the river on April 2 1 * *, Dai Rongguang really defected and counterattacked my Jiang Fang fleet with fortress guns. The fleet sank or fled, and the army crossed the river. " And the analysis said: "Dai Rongguang may not have defected purely for 500 gold bars. The biggest reason for his defection is that he feels that the tide is gone and should "make contributions" to the * * * party; The second possibility is that Mr. Jiang instructed him to "save his strength" and let the * * * army cross the river. * * * The army crossed the river, no way back, and he simply surrendered. "
In fact, the success of Jiangyin Fortress Uprising was first attributed to the bravery and good fighting of China People's Liberation Army. On the other hand, it is also the success of the underground party in the fortress under the correct leadership of the Central China Working Committee and the Party Committee of Sanye Corps for a long time. Third, several Huangpu soldiers and the vast number of fortress officers and soldiers hate civil war and unanimously hope for peace. Uprising on the battlefield is the will of the people and the general trend.