Abstract: At present, China is in the dilemma of grasping the economic growth opportunities and low carbon conversion. We should not only follow the general laws of economic and social development and climate protection, conform to the trend of development of the times and the trend of low-carbon economy, but also in line with China's basic national conditions and national interests to find a coordinated long-term, short-term interests, trade-offs between various types of policy objectives, and the pursuit of the victory of the low-carbon development path. Based on the low-carbon economy profile and development analysis of the requirements and finally come to the development strategy of China's several low-carbon economy.
Keywords: low carbon economy
Low power consumption, energy saving, low carbon economy profile
1
The so-called low carbon economy the concept of low carbon economy refers to. The concept of sustainable development, through technological innovation, institutional innovation, industrial transformation, new energy development and other means, as far as possible, to reduce the energy consumption of high-carbon coal and oil, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, to achieve economic and social development under the guidance of ecological and environmental protection to win the economic development model. The development of low-carbon economy, on the one hand, is to actively undertake environmental responsibility, to complete the national energy saving and consumption reduction targets; on the other hand, is to adjust the economic structure, improve the efficiency of energy use, the development of new industries, the construction of ecological civilization. This is the first time ever to abandon the pollution, first low-end high-end, after the first extensive practical approach to the intensive development model is to achieve win-win economic development, environmental protection and the inevitable choice of resources.
2. Low-carbon economy proposed background
"Low-carbon economy" made in the context of global warming is a challenge to human survival and development. With the growing global population and economic scale, energy consumption and environmental problems are causing people to continue to recognize not only the harmful effects of smog, photochemical smog and acid rain, but also the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere and the causative factors of global climate change are also recognized as indisputable facts.
In this context, "carbon footprint", "low carbon economy", "low carbon technology", "low carbon development ", "low carbon lifestyle", "low carbon society", "low carbon city" and a series of new concepts, " Low Carbon World", new policies are born. ? The result of significant changes in energy and value in the economy, may be on the implementation of ecological civilization gradually upward will embark on a new path, namely: abandon the traditional growth model of the 20th century, the direct application of innovative technologies and innovative mechanisms of the new century, through the low-carbon economic model with a low-carbon lifestyle, to achieve sustainable development of society. The ideal form
"Low-carbon economy" is the comprehensive development of "sunshine economy", "wind energy economy", "hydrogen energy economy", "bio-energy economy", "wind energy economy", "hydrogen energy economy", "bio-energy economy", "bio-energy economy", "bio-energy economy" and "bio-energy economy". "wind energy economy", "hydrogen energy economy", "biomass energy economy". In the transition from "Carbon Fuel Civilization" to "Solar Civilization" (wind energy, biomass energy converted to solar form) in the coming decades, "Low Carbon Economy" has an important meaning One of the important meanings of "low carbon economy" and "low carbon life" is to save the consumption of fossil energy and provide time guarantee for the popularization and utilization of new energy. Especially from China's energy structure, low carbon means energy saving, low carbon economy is based on low energy consumption, low pollution-based economy.
Two, foreign low-carbon economy open
1 Japan: consumers to buy "carbon" agriculture
Recently released Mizuho Research Institute of Japan, a survey results show that more than 50% of Japanese consumers are willing to buy certified "low-carbon" agricultural products. " agricultural products. The institute surveyed Japanese women over the age of 20, a demographic that is a major purchaser of agricultural machinery. Of the 2,062 respondents, 71 percent said it was "necessary" to implement a certification system for "low-carbon" agricultural products, and 53 percent were willing to buy certified "low-carbon" agricultural products.
The institute also surveyed the price level that consumers accept for "low-carbon" agricultural products, with rice, tomatoes and melons as examples. The results found that consumers are willing to accept a certain level of price. Assuming that the agricultural production process, such as carbon dioxide emissions of 100%, consumers are willing to accept: rice prices increased by 24%, the price of melons increased by 22%, tomato prices increased by 15%.
The researchers believe that the survey results show that the "low carbon" added value has agriculture, agricultural practitioners deserve efforts to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
2 Germany:
EV electric vehicles break through technical difficulties is one of the representative products of low-carbon economy. Germany believes that the development of electric vehicles on the road will not replace the internal combustion engine car electric car so simple, but requires the active participation of the entire society in major matters, and the opportunity for a complete reorganization of energy and transportation for the whole society.
"The major breakthroughs in many countries and different technical difficulties electric vehicles themselves, more emphasis on the German electric vehicle solutions, systems that promote the overall development of electric vehicles." Qin Yuxue, a Chinese engineer and project manager at the Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Berlin, said.
It is reported that the German society actively promote "electric transportation" system solutions, efforts are mainly manifested in the following eight aspects: First, the main focus on the energy structure adjustment. A major problem to be solved is the pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from electric vehicles. If power companies still rely heavily on non-clean methods that produce non-recyclable electricity, it amounts to a fundamental problem that has not been solved. Second, the power of fundamental innovation. Demand for a large number of electric vehicles will drive a fundamental change in society as a whole, which will then optimize the distribution of plant locations, peak demand hours on the overall grid, and significant changes in the requirements put forth so that new smart grid technologies are in their infancy. Third, technological breakthroughs in electric vehicles themselves. This is one of the major car companies. The focus of the German government is to guide companies. In addition, the German government also encouraged in 2012 to 2014 to buy between consumers of electric cars can get the German government to provide 3,000?5,000 subsidies.
3 Russia: exploring a new energy-efficient path Recently, environmental policy class Schwartz, director of WWF-Russia, told reporters that Russia has embarked on a new path to explore the development of energy-efficient.
Because of the rich oil and natural gas reserves, Russia has a long-term lack of energy-saving power, the construction of energy-saving economy did not pay enough attention. The resulting economic inefficiency has become a major drawback for Russian companies in international competition. In November 2009, Russia agreed at the 24th EU-Russia Summit that by 2020 Russia's greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced by 20-25% from 1990 levels. At present, Russia has already begun to show the effects of energy saving.
Analysts say that with the further implementation of domestic energy-saving measures, Russia will eventually find new ways of energy saving suitable for the development of its national conditions.
Three, the development of a low-carbon economy is the inherent requirements of sustainable development, we can no longer
resources, high energy consumption and heavy pollution of the environment in exchange for a moment of economic growth. If all also put GDP as the development of, but also have to export in exchange for cheap resources or GDP rebates, if you have more money in your pocket, but environmental degradation of survival, the air is dirty, the water is dark, with the intention of developing countries in the departure, and in the scientific concept of development contrary to its essence. More of a low-carbon economic development model of transformation, reduce the cost of resources and the environment per unit of GDP, by natural resource investment to restore and expand the stock of resources, the use of ecological principles to design processes and industrial processes to improve the efficiency of resource utilization, so that the effect will be better *** enjoy the fruits of the development of the people.
1. The development of low-carbon economy is an important way to adjust the industrial structure. There is a misunderstanding that in order to develop a low-carbon economy, you must give up steel, building materials, high energy-consuming industries, and therefore can not develop a low-carbon economy. However, China is in the stage of rapid industrialization and urbanization, steel (4358,21.00,0.48%), cement, electricity and other materials for large-scale infrastructure needs to ensure that these "high-carbon" industries are a new round of economic growth driven by industry, can not be huge domestic demand in the international market to be met. The development of these industries is justified. Through the development of a low-carbon economy, we can improve the efficiency of resource and energy use, reduce the carbon intensity of the economy, and promote the optimization and upgrading of China's economic and industrial structure.
2. The development of a low-carbon economy is a possible measure to optimize China's energy structure. More oil, less gas resources lack of coal, decided in the future of the country for a long time, coal will still be the main primary energy. Coal is a "high-carbon" energy source, and China does not have the advantage of utilizing cheap international oil and gas and other "low-carbon" energy sources. The development of low-carbon economy, increase the proportion of renewable energy, carbon dioxide emissions can effectively reduce primary energy consumption.
3. The development of a low carbon economy is a possible path to leapfrog development. Our skill level, limited R&D and innovation. This is the reality we have to face, but also China from the "high-carbon" economy to the "low-carbon" transition of the biggest challenge. In recent years, the development and utilization of renewable energy industry has been increasing rapidly. If you increase investment and vigorously develop a low-carbon economy, China can achieve leapfrog development in this region.
4. The development of a low-carbon economy, China is the international cooperation, to participate in the development of international routes "rules of the game". While China's industrialization and globalization to enjoy, institutional arrangements, industrial structure, technological revolution, advantage, but we have to accept the developed countries dominated by the international rules must be in the profit "smile curve" of the international division of labor at the low end of the labor. Low-carbon economy, not only in the developed countries *** with the development of related technologies, but also can directly participate in the game of the new international rules of discussion and formulation, in order to facilitate our long-term development and long-term stability.
4, low-carbon economic development of China's road
In recent years, with the destruction of the environment, climate change and environmental resources highlighted the dilemma faced by mankind jumped to the forefront in the perceived underdeveloped countries to develop a low-carbon economy is the ultimate way out of this bottleneck
Breaking the response to the actions taken in the low-carbon economy around the world, technological innovation and institutional innovation is the key factor in government-led and business participation. Government-led and enterprise participation are the key factors are the main form of implementation. For China, the development of low-carbon economy can be from the following aspects:. 1 transformation, focusing on low-carbon industrial development. In accordance with the requirements of the 17th Party Congress, efforts to realize three changes in the mode of economic development, as well as the transformation of the overall national economy urgent and major strategic tasks. Promote the strategic adjustment of industrial structure, vigorously develop high-tech industries and modern service industries, vigorously develop service trade, and further strengthen the policy to curb high energy consumption, high emissions products exports, efforts to develop and produce high-value, low power products, to achieve the overall structure of low-carbon industries.
2. Develop and grow the circular economy, focusing on the circular economy industrial energy saving
Development, will prioritize the cuts, cuts to reduce the production chain from the beginning to promote the recycling of resources and the efficient use of energy, turning waste into treasure, turning harm into benefit. Continue to promote energy conservation and emission reduction, the current focus should be placed on industrial energy conservation, which is the stage of development, the proportion of China's industrial energy consumption decisions. Control the rapid growth of high energy-consuming, high-emission industries, accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity, control the rapid growth of energy consumption in construction and transportation; strengthen the construction of the system of assessment goals, implementation and evaluation to enhance accountability, and effectively complete the binding targets set out in the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan".
Vigorously promote the development of eco-agriculture and agricultural circular economy, significantly reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the utilization rate of agricultural and forestry waste can be used as feed, fertilizer, fungus substrate, industrial raw materials and electricity, reduce the burning of airports around the city and the pollution of the environment, and accelerate the promotion of solar energy and biogas technology, both to increase the supply of energy to the countryside, and at the same time improve the health of the farmers to ensure food safety. Food safety.
3. Land use planning and construction of low-carbon, low-carbon economy pilot
Concept of building low-carbon cities and infrastructure. Low-carbon concept design specifications, the introduction of rational planning of the layout of the city's functional areas, the construction of construction, and promote the use of solar energy, the use of natural ventilation and lighting as far as possible, the selection of energy-efficient heating cooling system; the selection of thermal insulation materials, decorative advocate appropriate, to put an end to the rough room; in the main field to promote the use of energy-saving lamps and energy-saving electrical appliances, without affecting the quality of life at the same time to effectively reduce the carbon emissions of daily life.
Emphasis on the direction of low-carbon transportation. Strengthen the various modes of transport, building forms motor vehicles, bicycles and pedestrians in a harmonious road system of articulation, the construction of modern logistics information systems, reduce the rate of transport idling; strengthen the intelligent building management system, modernization, intelligence, scientific management of the implementation of the situation; the development of hybrid cars, electric cars and other new energy vehicles, diesel, hydrogen fuel and other clean energy, reduce the pressure of the transport on the environment.
Select typical regions, cities and key sectors to pilot the low-carbon economy. International experience, the introduction of low-carbon economic development guidelines to guide the development of low-carbon economy in local and urban development, economic, energy, carbon emissions, research and development of pricing mechanisms for China to shape a sustainable low-carbon future of comprehensive considerations.
4. actively encourage technological innovation, and encourage the research, development and application of low-carbon friendly technologies
Low-energy, low-pollution based "low-carbon economy", an important support is "low-carbon technology", therefore, the development of low-carbon technology, become a low-carbon economy, the development of low-carbon technology, the development of low-carbon technology, become a low-carbon economy, the development of low-carbon technology, the development of low-carbon technology, the development of low-carbon technology, become a low-carbon economy. The development of low-carbon technology has become an inevitable choice for a low-carbon economy.
From the point of view, in the short term, China's domestic carbon status quo technology, China should vigorously develop energy saving and energy efficiency technologies, such as clean coal, oil and natural gas, efficient development and utilization of technology renewable energy and new energy technologies; in the medium and long term, China's major technology research should include: emissions control and disposal of major industries, such as carbon dioxide and methane greenhouse gases, the use of technology, biological and engineering carbon sequestration technology, advanced technology and technology. Biological and engineering carbon sequestration technology, advanced coal, nuclear power and other major energy equipment manufacturing technology, carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage technology. Not only to develop advanced low-carbon technologies, but also to focus on technological innovation and application of low-carbon technologies in other industries, in order to achieve a low-carbon economy as a whole.
5. To establish an important driving factor, the low carbon economy legal protection mechanism, to promote the development of low carbon economic innovation and policy system, which is an important initiative to solve the problem of low carbon technology innovation in China. The current low-carbon economy should strengthen the construction of legal protection mechanisms, the development of "low-carbon economy law", and urgently formulate "renewable energy law" and "energy conservation law" (revised) in a timely manner. Supporting normative documents some of the efforts to change the environment and resource law areas, such as "Environmental Protection Law", "Environmental Impact Assessment", "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law", "Mineral Resources Law "Mineral Resources Law", "Coal Law", "Electricity Law", urgently formulate and management measures to conserve electricity, save oil management methods, such as building energy-saving management regulations to strengthen clean energy, low-carbon energy development and utilization. Energy, low-carbon energy development and utilization of incentives, and take action to implement these laws to support enterprises to put the low-carbon economy on the road to development.
In short, China should actively respond to the low-carbon economy, establish the development of low-carbon production and consumption patterns, encourage the development of domestic and international carbon policies, legal systems and market mechanisms, and ultimately leapfrog from the "carbon" era to the "low-carbon" era