And these types of buildings of fire water supply, fire code has not been clearly stated, the construction unit is often a weak sense of fire, heavy economic benefits and disregard for fire safety, unwilling to invest more money. Some designers understand the code wrong, the implementation of different standards, some missed fire water; some in order to avoid responsibility, through the review, from the strict implementation of the code, resulting in waste. Hunan Hengyang eight-story commercial and residential building after the mega-fire, whether construction, design units, or fire authorities, commercial and residential building fire prevention problems have generated enough attention.
I. How to distinguish between commercial service outlets and commercial business hall?
On the commercial service outlets: "Building Design Fire Code" GBJ16-87 (2001 Revision) (hereinafter referred to as "Building Regulations") noun explanation is: building area of not more than 300m2 of department stores, food stores and grain stores, post offices, savings, food stores, barber stores, small repairs and other services such as public *** service room. It can be inferred from this: a single room with a floor area of more than 300m2 commercial premises is a commercial business hall.
Two, commercial and residential buildings, fire prevention and fire fighting characteristics
Fire, the development of the entire process is the spread of heat, heat convection is the most important factor causing the development of fire (when the fire is in the development stage, the heat radiation has become the main form of heat propagation). Between commercial outlets, between commercial outlets and residential units, and between units of residential buildings, there is a fire separation (wall panels), and there is no air flow between the units, so the conditions for early fire development - heat convection is absolutely limited, and the range of fire spread and development is greatly restricted, and each unit, as a naturally independent and intact fire prevention unit, in a certain period of time, it effectively prevents the fire from Horizontal expansion (to other units), so that the possibility of horizontal development of fire in residential and commercial buildings is relatively small. There is no production or processing of fire-hazardous materials in the residential building, and there is no storage of hazardous materials in the residential building, so the fire hazard in the residential building is relatively small. The possibility of fire is greater in commercial outlets, due to the storage of a large number of combustible goods, and there are more electrical lighting processing equipment. Multi-storey commercial and residential buildings, not only between units separated by fire separation, fire separation between sub-family is also very complete, thus the fire, the development of the conditions are poor, and fire fighting conditions are better, even if the firefighters to focus on fire fighting, the fire will be eliminated or limited to a unit or a household.
Three, whether the design of fire water supply
1, a building, a commercial outlet (one per household, about 30m2), the second floor of the merchant dormitory, three - five-storey residential units, the total volume of more than 10,000m3, the first floor of the total volume of more than 5,000m3, whether the need to set up a fire hydrant?
According to the "Building Design Fire Code" (hereinafter referred to as "Building Regulations") Article 8.4.1: the following buildings should be equipped with indoor fire water supply: more than seven floors of the unit-type housing, more than six floors of the tower-type housing, through the corridor type housing, the ground floor of the unit-type housing with commercial outlets. More than five floors or the volume of more than 10,000m3 of the school building and other civil buildings.
The construction unit is considered to be a two-story merchant dormitory, but also residential, the fire danger is not higher than residential. Even if the second floor is also open store, two floors can be considered as an expanded or unfolded layer, should be a unit type residence with commercial outlets. If you set up a fire hydrant, each room, too much, the implementation of difficulties, and for non-professional firefighters, set up a fire extinguisher is far more practical than a fire hydrant. But the designers insisted: businessmen are likely to transform the second floor into a place of business, the building should be considered as a comprehensive building, set up fire water supply. Finally, the construction unit to consult the local fire building review department, the same conclusion with the designers.
2, Lianjia store, two or three floors, localized four floors. The first floor for the front room, are 4-6 meters open, 10-12 meters deep. Above the merchant residence, the total volume is more than 10000m3. For this building whether to set fire hydrant, the code does not specify.
Shanghai "small commercial buildings fire technical provisions" 3.4.2: independent construction of the total volume of more than 5000m3 small commercial buildings, when the following conditions are met, may not be equipped with indoor water fire extinguishing system: (1), the construction of the building adjacent to the construction of the building, the total volume of each building does not exceed 5,000m3 (2), the use of firewalls between the buildings separated by firewalls on both sides of the firewalls between the windows and doors spaced not less than 2m . 2m. (3), the depth is not more than 15m. I have discussed this matter with the local fire management department, the following conclusions:
(1), for the whole building are commercial buildings, should be equivalent to the store, when its volume is greater than 5000m3, should be set up indoor fire hydrant water supply system.
(2), for the first and second floors of the "family store", on which is a residential or office buildings, or with residential and office buildings, should be considered in accordance with the design standards for complex buildings, when it is more than five floors or the volume of more than 10,000m3, should be provided with indoor fire hydrant water supply system.
3, a commercial and residential buildings, the top of the leap, including the leap **** seven floors, whether or not to set up fire water? Residential Building Design Code GB 50096-1999 Article 4.1.6 Note: ③ top floor for the two sets of leapfrog residential, leapfrog part does not count the number of floors. Therefore, it can be assumed that such a building may not be set up. If the middle floor for the leap, should be counted in the number of floors, more than six floors must be set. Similarly, ten-storey residential building, the top floor for the leap, according to the multi-storey residential building design fire water supply. 4, a residential, one for the bicycle storage (height 2.2m), two to ten floors of residential, eleven floors for the leap, the height of the gable is less than 32m, is the high-rise or multi-storey building design fire water supply?
Referring to the recent "Building Regulations" (draft for approval) on the calculation of the number of floors of the building: the height of the ground floor does not exceed 2.2m bicycle storage can not be counted in the number of floors of the building, the top floor for the leaping floors are also not counted in the number of floors of the building, this building belongs to the multi-storey building, can be designed in accordance with the requirements of the "Building Regulations".
5, multi-storey residential ground floor for a private car garage, is it necessary to set up a fire water supply system? According to the "garage, garage, parking lot design and fire code" 7.1.2 meet one of the following conditions of the garage may not be equipped with fire water supply system: 7.1.2.1 fire resistance level of one or two and the number of cars parked not more than 5 car garage. Therefore, if the garage with more than 5 cars should be protected by fire hydrant, the outdoor fire hydrant can be arranged next to the garage (the box with only hose and water gun is hung on the outer wall of the garage) or the indoor fire hydrant box is set up on the outer wall of the garage. Stock less than 5 cars in the garage can be configured in each room fire extinguishers.
Four, how to design the fire water supply
1, commercial outlets indoor fire hydrant layout
For commercial outlets indoor fire hydrant layout, some difficulty in practice, most commercial outlets are small, indoor fire hydrant per layout in the economy and reasonableness of the lack of the point of view of the practical effect, can be used in the following way: for the personnel and combustible materials gathered and more places. Gathering and combustible materials more places, and the need to set up more than two evacuation stairs "even store", should be set up on each floor of the indoor fire hydrant.
For commercial outlets, due to small openings, such as in the second floor arrangement of fire hydrant, rescue operation space is limited, it is appropriate to set up indoor fire hydrant box on the ground floor of the exterior wall or other public *** part of the arrangement should ensure that there are two guns of the water column to reach any part of the room full of water. Set in the ground floor of the exterior wall of the fire hydrant, pay attention to anti-theft and anti-freezing problems. In cold winter areas, the fire hydrant pipeline can be made into a dry pipe, without insulation, near the valve well, the well is equipped with a relief valve, open the valve can be used.
For the opening is particularly small, the total area of each split unit is particularly small "even store" type of building, no public **** the outer wall can be utilized, can not be arranged indoor fire hydrant, you can consider the reasonable arrangement of a few *** with outdoor fire hydrant, or in the public **** part of the only set up indoor fire hydrant spigot, open and concealed can be, but the Each merchant is equipped with sufficient water hose and water gun.
2, store part of the fire riser how to connect the ring?
According to the "Building Design and Fire Prevention Code" Article 8.6.1: Indoor fire water supply pipes, should meet the following requirements: more than six floors of the tower (with the exception of the use of dual-exit hydrants) and corridor-type residential, more than five or more than 10,000m3 volume of the volume of the other civil buildings, such as indoor fire risers for two or more than two risers, should be connected to at least two risers to form a ring pipe.
For the two storey store building, usually the owner does not want to install the fire riser in the second floor indoor, many designers will be each fire hydrant is connected to a separate layer of fire riser, the riser will be made into a ring, so that there is no fire riser to speak of, thus avoiding the riser connected to the ring this problem.
3, residential fire hydrant layout, usually these units of residential buildings for more than six floors of frame or brick structure building, floor height 2.80-3.00m, staircase opening 2.60-2.70m, the optional location of the fire hydrant box is only two places, one is near the door, the second is the staircase rest platform.
V. Discussion of other issues
1, "Building Regulations," Article 5.2.1 of the fire separation between civil buildings, ① two buildings adjacent to the higher side of the external wall for the fire wall, the fire separation is not limited. Therefore, if a commercial/residential building, or even a family store, is long and the total volume is more than 10,000m3, then with a firewall in the middle, it can be considered as 2 buildings (each with a total volume of less than 10,000m3), and there can be no fire-fighting water supply. As mentioned above, Shanghai "small commercial building fire technical regulations" 3.4.2 is an example. The above is just the author's personal opinion, whether it is feasible, you can consult with the local fire department.
2, the total number of floors of the building for eight or nine, the bottom one or two floors for commercial outlets, the upper part of the unit type of residential, such buildings in the fire design will be a problem of building characterization, such as it is designated as a complex, due to the total height of more than 24m, the fire design should be in accordance with the "Code for the Design and Fire Protection of High-rise Civil Buildings," design, such as it is designated as a commercial and residential buildings set up commercial outlets on the ground floor, then the fire design should be in accordance with the "Building Design Fire Code". If it is designated as a commercial and residential building with commercial service outlets on the ground floor, then its fire protection design should be in accordance with the "Building Design Fire Code" design.
First of all, the amount of water used for indoor fire fighting is very different. (See the table below) hydrant water consumption (L / S) the number of hydrants (branch) per gun minimum flow (L / S) per standpipe minimum flow (L / S) fire tank volume m3 seven to nine residential buildings 5 2 2.5 53 two high-rise complex (less than 50m) 20 4 5 1012, according to the table above, the layout of the hydrant, the fire riser when there is a big difference in the corresponding fire hose pipe diameter, the number of fire pump junction is not the same. The number of water pump joints is also different, as well as their fire filling water column is also different. Comparison of the above can be seen, due to the characterization of the building is different, the corresponding fire technology design is also a big difference. If it is positioned as a multi-storey commercial and residential buildings, and does not meet the specification requirements. If it is designated as two types of high-rise complex, the upper residential and the bottom can meet the fire requirements, but this will sometimes lead to excess or waste phenomenon. Suggested code provisions should be considered when revising this issue, and recommended the following measures:
1, the bottom of the store floors are single room, the area of each household are less than 300m3, according to the design of multi-storey composite building fire.
2, the bottom of the floors are large space shopping malls or other communal activities hall, which has combustible goods, at this time should be designed according to the second category of high-rise buildings for fire protection. In summary, for multi-storey commercial and residential building fire water design, both the strict implementation of the relevant norms, but also from a practical point of view. In the provisions of the specification is not clearly stated, can be discussed with the local fire department. On the premise of not violating the provisions of the code, try to save investment for the owners, but not unprincipled to accommodate the owners.
More about the engineering/service/procurement category of the tender writing production, to enhance the winning rate, you can click on the bottom of the official website customer service free advice:/#/?source=bdzd