Also known as abstract and content summary, it is a short article that describes the important contents of the document concisely and accurately, with the aim of providing a summary of the contents of the document without comments or supplementary explanations.

It is very important for a paper, and some peer reviewers can basically judge the quality of a paper through the abstract. Therefore, writing a good abstract is of great help to improve the employment rate of submission.

The research system, main methods, important findings and core conclusions of this paper should be briefly summarized. Before writing an abstract, we must make clear the elements and basic requirements of the abstract.

The carrier of human knowledge is recorded by words, graphics, symbols, audio and video, or it is understood as knowledge solidified on a material carrier. Now it is usually understood as the sum of books, periodicals and other publications. Literature is the most effective means to record, accumulate, spread and inherit knowledge.

The requirements for writing an abstract are as follows:

1, the abstract should be self-explanatory, and have the same amount of main information in a document, that is, you can get the necessary information without reading the full text of the document. Therefore, the abstract is a complete essay that can be quoted.

2. Use the third person. As an independent style that can be read and retrieved, it can only be written in the third person, not in other people. In some abstracts, "we" and "author" appear as the themes of abstract statements. Generally speaking, this will weaken the objectivity of abstract statements, and sometimes it will be illogical.

3. Exclude the content that has become common sense or popular science knowledge in this discipline.

4. Don't simply repeat the information already stated in the title of the paper.

5. To objectively and truly reflect the content of the original text, we should focus on the new content of the paper and the content specially emphasized by the author.

6. Briefly summarize the research system, main methods, important findings and core conclusions of the paper. Before writing an abstract, we must make clear the elements and basic requirements of the abstract.