Fire is a kind of disaster with high frequency, which is not limited by time and space. This disaster is accompanied by the history of human use of fire; Fire prevention and control of fire (ancient name? Fire politics? ), it came into being. The following are the publicity materials of community fire safety knowledge I collected, I hope you can read them carefully!

In recent years, according to the statistics of fires in this area and even the whole year, the number of household fires accounts for a large proportion of the total number, and it is on the rise. These fires have caused great losses to people's lives and property, and even a fire instantly wiped out a family's wealth, and the husband and wife never left for two days. So we should attach great importance to it. The lack of household fire prevention knowledge is the main factor leading to the fire. Now I will dedicate the collected family fire prevention knowledge to you to learn and master, and wish you a safe home:

First, the common sense of family fire prevention

The main causes of family fires are: first, matches, lighters, smoking, stoves and other careless use of fire. Second, it is caused by improper operation of combustible gases such as gas, natural gas, liquefied gas or hair gel and air freshener; Third, it is caused by improper use of flammable liquids such as gasoline, kerosene and vegetable oil; Fourth, improper use of household appliances; Fifth, it is caused by natural fire sources such as lightning and static electricity. Therefore, family fire prevention should pay attention to the following aspects:

1 Parents and teachers should educate their children to develop the habit of not playing with fire and monitor their family activities at any time;

Don't throw cigarette butts and matchsticks on the ground or in the wastebasket at will, and don't smoke on the bed or sofa.

The free burning speed of cigarettes is related to the place where they are placed. When they are placed horizontally, it takes 14- 15 minutes to burn from cigarette ends to filter tips, and when they are placed vertically, it takes 12- 13 minutes to burn from bottom to filter tips. According to the experiment, it takes 3-7 minutes for cigarettes to ignite cotton wool and kapok, and only 1 minute for acrylic fiber to ignite. Therefore, it is not surprising that littering cigarette butts can easily lead to fires.

It is forbidden to burn paper and set off fireworks and firecrackers in balconies and corridors, and close the windows in time to prevent the invasion of foreign firecrackers and Fei Huo;

4 set off fireworks correctly, and check and clean up the scene in time after setting off;

5. Monitor the situation of food processing in the kitchen at any time, and form the habit of people getting out of the fire;

In summer, mosquito-repellent incense should be put on the shelf and kept together with flammable materials such as curtains and mosquito nets.

A certain distance;

7 When sleeping, the mobile phone should be turned off and charged, and placed in a safe place;

8 the use of electric fans should keep a certain distance from the curtains to prevent objects from entering the rotating bearings of the fans and causing fires;

9 Don't connect the wires privately, don't overload the electricity, don't use too much electrical equipment on the socket, and always check the electrical appliances and lines used in daily life. It is strictly forbidden to overload the electricity, and the plugs are loose, the wires are aging, and the pipes are brittle and broken.

10 electrical appliances shall be used in strict accordance with the scope of application, operating procedures, service life and precautions in the manual;

1 1 Turn off or disconnect the unnecessary power supply when going out, so as to avoid the electrical appliances being energized for a long time; When the electrical equipment is not used for a long time, cut off the power supply or unplug it. Don't touch, approach or approach flammable materials when using electric heating appliances, and don't bake clothes.

12 in case of power failure, unplug the plug or turn off the electrical switch in use in time to avoid the fire caused by the loss of monitoring when the electric iron, electric mattress and electric heater are still in a continuous state;

13 when painting flammable and explosive paint indoors, open the window to keep ventilation;

14 it is forbidden to store dangerous chemicals such as gasoline and alcohol indoors;

15 try to use other or flame retardant materials for home decoration;

16 it is forbidden to store articles in corridors and stairs, which hinders safe evacuation and is easy to be ignited by legacy fire;

17 before going to bed, check the electrical appliances, gas switches and residual kindling;

18 Don't leave vehicles lying around in residential areas, which will hinder the passage of fire engines and affect fire fighting and rescue.

Two, the safe use of liquefied gas, natural gas should pay attention to matters.

(A) the use of common sense

1 liquefied petroleum gas cylinders must be inspected by nationally recognized manufacturers, and other cylinders are not allowed to be used at will, and gas pipelines are not allowed to be modified at will;

2 Before using the steel cylinder, check whether the master valve leaks and is closed, and then open the sealing membrane at the interface to connect with the pressure regulating valve:

3. Gas cylinders shall be used vertically, and shall not be used horizontally or upside down. When the pressure regulating valve is connected with the steel cylinder, the pressure regulating valve should be kept in a horizontal position, facing upwards;

4 Pressure regulating valve, tee joint, conduit, stove, etc. shall be connected with pipe clamp or clamp, and no air leakage shall be allowed after tightening;

5 The conduit shall be laid in a place that is scratch-proof, collision-proof, collision-proof and pressure-proof, and shall be treated with anti-corrosion. Tees connecting multiple conduits must be tiled and not inclined upward;

6 Every time a new gas cylinder is replaced, carefully check the angle valve, pressure regulating valve and various interfaces to make sure there is no air leakage before use;

7 There can be no open flame or tempering when the stove is used;

8 Pressure regulating valve interface and angle valve sealing ring are damaged, falling off and aging;

9 It is forbidden to heat the steel cylinder with fire, steam or hot water, which will increase the pressure in the steel cylinder;

10 residual liquid must be sealed and recycled, and it is forbidden to pour it into rivers, ditches or sewers at will;

1 1 It is forbidden to repair the angle valve and pressure regulating valve without permission;

12 It is strictly forbidden to fill, replace and fill gas cylinders without permission;

13 When entering the kitchen, do not turn on or off the electrical appliances, and quickly open the kitchen and indoor doors and windows for ventilation.

14 steel cylinder and stove should keep a safe distance of more than 0.5m;

15 strengthen monitoring in the process of using and managing liquefied gas and natural gas. If the stove is found to burn abnormally or the conduit and interface leak off, the upstream angle valve should be closed immediately, and ventilation and evacuation should be done at the same time. It is forbidden to turn on or off any electrical switch during treatment;

16 regularly adopts the steps of smelling, listening and testing, and uses soapy water to check whether the interfaces are leaking, so as to check whether the pipes, rubber joints, pipe clamps, pressure regulating valves and stoves are damaged or loose. If problems are found, they should be dealt with in time. It is forbidden to check the leakage with open flame.

(2) operating instructions

1 When starting, first check whether the switch in front of the furnace is turned off;

2. First open the liquefied gas cylinder and natural gas master valve, and then turn on the switch in front of the furnace for ignition, so as to achieve the effect of fire and other gases;

3 when stopping the furnace, close the main valve first, and then close the switch in front of the furnace after the fire is extinguished.

(3) Storage of steel cylinders

1 It is forbidden to store and use liquefied gas cylinders in the business halls of restaurants and other catering places;

It is not allowed to be stored or used in underground or semi-basement places;

The warehouse for storing liquefied gas cylinders shall not be in the same building as the place where people live, and keep a safe distance;

4 When more than one gas cylinder is used in the kitchen of commercial users and restaurants, a separate gas cylinder storage room shall be set as the storage room, and the following requirements shall be met:

(1) The room should be provided with windows, and the window area should meet the pressure relief requirements, with good ventilation;

(2) The electrical appliances in the room should be explosion-proof electrical appliances;

(3) The indoor floor should be a surface layer without sparks;

(4) Adjacent rooms should be places without fire and sparks;

(5) Gas concentration alarm shall be set;

(6) At least two 8 kg dry powder fire extinguishers shall be provided.

(4) Handling of fire in use

1 When the cooker catches fire due to air leakage or loose duct, the duct should be immediately folded and clamped, and the trachea should be cut off or the main valve should be quickly closed;

2 When the main valve of liquefied gas cylinder leaks and catches fire, immediately cover your hands with wet towels or incombustible substances, and then close the main valve. If the master valve fails to close, move the cylinder to a safe place quickly, control its combustion and never put out the fire.

3. Quickly organize evacuation, alarm and fire fighting.

Three, household electrical wiring and electrical fire prevention knowledge.

In recent years, with the popularity of home decoration and the extensive use of household appliances, the situation of fire accidents caused by irregular electrical wiring and improper use of electrical appliances has become more prominent, which should arouse the general concern and great attention of the majority of families. In this paper, some fire prevention knowledge about the wiring of household appliances and the use of 10 household appliances is collected for your reference:

(a) How to lay wires in the home?

1 The withstand voltage level of the conductor should be higher than the working voltage of the line, and the safe current of the section should be greater than the load current;

2 lines should avoid heat sources, and if they must pass, they should be insulated;

3. Metal devices used for line laying should be treated with anti-corrosion;

4 all kinds of open wiring should be laid horizontally and vertically. The conductor shall be not less than 2.5m from the ground when laid horizontally and not less than 1.8m when laid vertically, otherwise it shall be protected.

5 Wall-penetrating wires shall be installed on wall-penetrating pipes, with both ends sticking out of the wall not less than10 mm;

6 when decorating, the wires should be protected by metal pipes or PVC pipes with oxygen index greater than 35;

7 The cross-sectional area of the conductor should be one size larger than the actual load;

8 Lighting lamps, ballasts and other heating parts shall be installed on incombustible materials.

(B) how to prevent wire insulation damage

1 The current passing through the conductor shall not exceed the safe current carrying capacity of the conductor;

2 Don't get wet, heated, corroded, bruised or crushed the wires, and try not to let the wires pass through places with high temperature and humidity and corrosive vapors and gases;

3 wires should be properly protected where they are easy to be bruised;

4 temporary laying should also be fixed to prevent pulling, scraping and pressing, and lamps should keep a safe distance to prevent baking other items;

5 regularly check the maintenance lines, repair them immediately if there are defects, and replace the old and aging wires in time.

(3) How to prevent wire overload

1 according to the size of the power load, choose the appropriate size of the wire;

2 lines should be installed according to equipment regulations to prevent leakage and short circuit accidents caused by insulation damage;

3. Always check the line load and insulation, and solve problems in time when found;

4 fuses used to protect lines or equipment should be properly selected;

5 fuse shall not be arbitrarily thickened or replaced by copper wire or iron wire;

6 indoor total air switch should calculate the total power of the whole room electrical appliances and then set the insurance value.

(d) How to prevent TV from causing fire?

1 The TV should be placed in a place with good ventilation and heat dissipation;

Don't turn off the TV with the remote control for a long time, cut off the power and unplug it after watching TV;

3 the viewing time should not be too long;

4 watch TV as little as possible in thunderstorm days, and don't use outdoor antennas;

5 TV installation should be stable to prevent explosion and fire falling.

(5) How to prevent refrigerator fire

1 Don't put inflammable and explosive articles such as gasoline, alcohol and adhesive in the refrigerator to avoid explosion;

The refrigerator can't be used in the environment with flammable gas, and flammable spray paint can't be used next to the refrigerator. If gas or liquefied petroleum gas leaks, don't unplug the power supply, open and close the refrigerator door and turn off the thermostat, otherwise electric sparks will occur and an explosion will occur.

3 absorption refrigerator, always check the tightness of the system pipeline to avoid burning and explosion accidents caused by refrigerant leakage;

4 should be placed in a well-ventilated and heat-dissipating position.

(6) How to prevent air-conditioning fire?

1 The air conditioner should be equipped with a protective device, and in case of failure, the fuse will cut off the power supply;

2 when using air conditioning, it should be operated in strict accordance with the requirements of air conditioning;

3. The watt-hour meter and wires of the air conditioner should have enough margins, and appropriate power fuses should be selected to prevent overload;

4 The air conditioner must be protected by grounding or zero connection, and the insulation resistance should not be less than 2 megohms before it can be used. The sealing terminal of the fully enclosed compressor should be tested for withstand voltage and insulation to prevent it from causing the spilled refrigerant oil to catch fire;

Flammable articles shall not be piled up around the air conditioner, and curtains shall not be hung on the window air conditioner.

6 Outdoor fans should be equipped with rain-proof facilities and maintained frequently.

(7) Fire prevention measures for washing machines

1 Don't put clothes that have just been scrubbed with flammable liquids such as gasoline into the washing machine immediately. Instead, it should be taken to the outdoor air to dry, and then washed with a washing machine after the flammable liquid adsorbed in the clothing fiber evaporates;

If too much clothes are put into the washing machine at one time, or the pulsator is stuck by small objects such as ropes and hairpins, the motor will be too heavy, or even stop running, resulting in heating, short circuit and fire on the line. Pay attention to it when using it.

(8) Fire prevention measures of vacuum cleaner

1 The power socket should have sufficient capacity, and it should not be used at the same time with other household appliances with high power, such as electric irons and heaters, so as to avoid overload and heating of electrical lines;

2 the use time should not be too long. If the plastic shell of the barrel is obviously heated by hand, stop using it for a period of time before continuing to use it to prevent the motor from overheating and burning;

3 vacuum cleaner should not be used in damp places to avoid short circuit and fire when the motor is damp;

Clean the dust on the filter bag (filter) immediately after each use to prevent the air inlet and air outlet from being blocked by large objects, resulting in power drop and motor overheating causing fire;

Don't suck matches, fireplace dust, cigarette butts and other smoking things into the vacuum cleaner, and don't use the vacuum cleaner to suck the sundries in the ashtray and wastepaper basket to avoid fire.

6 It is forbidden to use vacuum cleaners in inflammable and explosive dangerous places. Don't use vacuum cleaners in rooms that have just used flammable liquids or painted, so as not to cause fire and explosion accidents;

7 After using the vacuum cleaner every time, be sure to unplug the power cord from the socket and keep it properly to prevent children from playing with it and causing accidents.

(9) Fire prevention measures for electric blanket

1 Don't buy products that are shoddy, have no safety measures and have not passed the inspection to prevent accidents caused by poor quality, especially improper joint connection;

Please read the instructions carefully before use, especially pay attention to the voltage. Never connect the 36V low-voltage electric blanket to the 220V voltage line. Imported electric blankets also have100V or110V, so you should not be careless when using them.

3 When the electric blanket is used for the first time or put on hold for a long time, it should be electrified under the supervision of someone 1 hour to check whether it is safe;

4 Do not fix the position of folding electric blanket. Don't use linear electric heating wire blankets on sofas, Simmons and wire beds. This kind of electric blanket is only suitable for wooden beds.

5 Pay attention to moisture protection when using electric blankets, especially to prevent children or patients from wetting the bed;

6. Avoid contact between the electric blanket and the human body, and do not spread sheets on the electric blanket casually to prevent the electric blanket from being wrinkled by the human body, resulting in local overheating or wire damage and accidents;

7 the electric blanket is dirty, so it can only be brushed with a brush, not rubbed by hand, in case the electric hotline is broken;

When the electric blanket is not used, be sure to cut off the power supply.

(10) Fire prevention measures for electric cookers

1 Don't forget to cut off the power supply in time when cooking soup with a rice cooker;

2 The surface of the electric heating plate and the inner pot should not be stained with foreign matters such as rice grains, so as to ensure close contact between them:

3 avoid colliding with the inner pot during use. If the inner pot is severely deformed, it should be replaced immediately;

When in use, the inner pot should be placed correctly, and then rotated back and forth to ensure that the electric heating plates are in close contact.

5 Don't replace the inner pot with ordinary aluminum pot;

6 Do not clean the shell, electric heating plate and switch of the rice cooker with water.

(eleven) fire prevention measures for electric cups and kettles.

1 Never put the power plug of the electric cup on the power socket for a long time, and control it by the switch connected in series with the plug. Because it is easy to have illusions, it is often mistaken for on and off, and it is mistaken for on;

2 The electric kettle must be used on a nonflammable base, and there must be no other combustible substances around it;

3 be careful when cleaning the electric cup, and don't let water flow into the charged part of the electric cup;

Be sure to cut off the power supply after using the electric kettle.

(12) Fire prevention measures for household electric irons

1 When the power is on, the operator should not leave easily. During the interval of ironing clothes, the electric iron should be placed stably or on a special electric iron stand, never on flammable items, let alone on iron plates or bricks with flammable substances below;

Don't put the electric iron that has just been cut off at will, wait until it is completely cooled before putting it away. Industries that use electric irons a lot, such as clothing industry, should be managed by special personnel. Cut off the power supply after work, and store it in a special toolbox made of incombustible materials after cooling;

Ordinary electric irons should not be energized for a long time to avoid overheating, scalding clothes and scalding. Different fabrics have different ironing temperatures, which are quite different. Therefore, when ironing all kinds of fabrics, you should choose a temperature-regulating electric iron. However, it should be noted that when the thermostat of the temperature-regulating electric iron fails, it should be repaired in time, otherwise the temperature can not be controlled and it is easy to cause a fire;

4 the power socket of the electric iron should not be affected with damp, and ensure that the plug is in close contact with the socket;

5 The conductor section of the power supply line of the electric iron should not be too small, and it should not be used in the same socket with household appliances, nor can it be used at the same time with other household appliances with high power consumption such as rice cookers and washing machines, so as to prevent the line from being overloaded and causing fires.

(13) Fire Prevention Measures for Blowers

1 After the hair dryer is powered on, people can't leave, let alone put it on flammable materials such as benches, sofas and mattresses.

2. Electrified heating wires are included in the scope of open flame management. It is strictly forbidden to use hair dryers in fire-forbidden places, especially in inflammable fire danger places;

Get into the habit of unplugging the power cord from the power socket immediately after use, especially in the case of power failure or hair dryer failure.

(14) What problems should be paid attention to after power failure?

1 When using emergency lighting such as candles, keep away from flammable items such as curtains and paper, and put candles on nonflammable objects. At the same time, someone must take care of them so that people can put out the fire when they leave or sleep.

2. Unplug the power plugs of electric irons, hair dryers, electric blankets and other appliances in time to prevent these appliances from burning the surrounding combustible materials after the call.

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