the main categories of modern western food

French cuisine

French people have always been famous for being good at eating and being good at eating, and French cuisine still ranks first in the world.

French cuisine is characterized by a wide selection of ingredients (such as snails and foie gras), fine processing, exquisite cooking, strong and light taste and many varieties of colors; French cuisine also pays more attention to eating semi-cooked or raw food, such as steak and leg of lamb, which are characterized by semi-cooked and tender, seafood oysters can also be eaten raw, and roasted wild ducks can be eaten when they are six ripe.

French dishes attach importance to seasoning, and there are various kinds of condiments. Flavoring with wine, there are strict rules on what kind of wine to choose for what kind of dishes, such as wine for clear soup, brandy for seafood, and all kinds of sweet wine or brandy for dessert. French food and cheese are diverse. French people like cheese, fruits and all kinds of fresh vegetables very much.

The famous French dishes are Marseille fish soup, foie gras steak, Paris lobster, red pheasant, Savoro chicken, chicken liver steak and so on.

2. English dishes

pay equal attention to simplicity and etiquette.

British food cooking is known as a family delicacy.

English dishes are characterized by less oil and light taste, and less wine is used for seasoning. Most condiments are put on the dining table for guests to choose. Cooking pays attention to freshness, light taste, seafood and all kinds of vegetables, and the quantity of dishes is small but fine. The cooking methods of English dishes are mainly steaming, boiling, burning, smoking and frying.

The famous English dishes are: chicken salad, roast prawn souffle, stewed mutton with potato, roast sheep saddle, winter solstice pudding, Meiji steak and so on. At the same time, fish and chips is the most familiar English food.

3. Italian cuisine

During the Roman Empire, Italy was once the political, economic and cultural center of Europe. Although Italy fell behind later, it was the ancestor in terms of western cooking, and it can rival France and Britain.

Italian cuisine is characterized by its original flavor and strong flavor. Cooking pays attention to frying and smoking, and is good at frying, frying, frying and stewing.

Italians love pasta and eat it in many ways. Its noodles are unique. There are at least dozens of noodles with various shapes, colors and tastes, such as letter-shaped, shell-shaped, solid noodles and macaroni strips. Italians also like to eat Italian wonton and Italian jiaozi.

The famous Italian dishes are: macaroni and vegetable soup, baked wonton, baked macaroni with cheese, macaroni with minced meat, pizza and so on.

4. American cuisine

American cuisine is developed on the basis of British cuisine, inheriting the simple and light characteristics of British cuisine, with salty and sweet taste. Americans are generally not interested in spicy taste, and prefer grilled dishes. Fruits are often used as ingredients to cook with dishes, such as pineapple ham and roasted duck with vegetables and fruits. I like to eat all kinds of fresh vegetables and fruits.

Americans don't have high requirements on diet, as long as they are nutritious and fast, they stress the original flavor. However, the requirements for meat quality are very high. For example, beef from Angus, USA, is selected for burning beef fillet with lobster. Only half-cooked beef has wonderful beef juice.

compared with the complicated etiquette of traditional western food, American food culture is much simpler. There are not many knives, forks and plates on the dining table, only the most basic knives, forks and spoons. It is said that only in very formal banquets or family banquets will there be more rules and procedures.

The famous American dishes include roast turkey, roast duck with orange, American steak, apple salad, pancakes with sugar sauce and so on. Pies are the main dishes of American food.

5. Russian cuisine

The upper class in the Tsar's Russian era worshipped France very much. The nobles were not only proud of speaking French, but also learned from France in food and cooking techniques. But after years of evolution, especially in Russia, food pays attention to high-calorie varieties and gradually forms its own cooking characteristics. Russians like to eat hot food, and they like to eat buns and patties made of fish, minced meat, eggs and vegetables. All kinds of snacks are quite famous.

Russian dishes are heavy in taste and like to use oil, so the preparation method is relatively simple. Taste is mainly sour, sweet, spicy and salty. Pickled cucumber and pickled cabbage are often necessary foods on the dining table of restaurants or families.

The cooking method is characterized by roasting and fumigation. Russian cuisine has a great influence on western food. Some ethnic people in the Nordic countries and Central Europe and Yugoslavia in the cold zone have similar daily habits to Russians, and most of them like pickled fish, bacon, sausage, ham, sauerkraut and pickled cucumber.

The famous Russian dishes include assorted cold cuts, Luo Songtang, caviar, sour cucumber soup, cold apple soup, fish steamed stuffed bun, chicken rolls with butter and so on. Due to historical reasons, authentic Russian western food is still preserved in Harbin.

6. German cuisine

Germans are not particular about food. They like to eat fruits, cheese, sausages, sauerkraut, potatoes, etc. They don't seek glitz, but only seek affordable nutrition. They first invented self-help fast food.

traditional dishes: vegetable salad, fresh mushroom soup, grilled fish steak, etc.

Germans like to drink beer, and the annual Oktoberfest in Munich consumes about 1 million liters of beer.

other cuisines

Greek cuisine: characterized by lightness, elegance and original flavor.

Spanish-Portuguese dishes are famous for their rice, which is often accompanied by stewed meat and seafood.

Eastern European cuisine is similar to Russian cuisine.

Extended information:

Western dining etiquette

1. The most appropriate way to sit is to sit on the left. When the chair is pulled away, the body will stand up straight at a distance almost touching the table, and the leader will push the chair in, and when the leg bends and touches the chair behind, you can sit down. When sitting, keep your body straight, don't put your elbows on the table, don't tilt your feet, and keep a distance from the table to facilitate the use of tableware. Don't fiddle with the tableware set on the dining table. Fold the napkin in half and gently put it on your lap.

2. When eating with a knife and fork, take the knife and fork from the outside to the inside, holding the fork in your left hand and holding the knife in your right hand; When cutting things, hold the fork in your left hand and hold the food, and hold the knife in your right hand to cut it into small pieces and send it to your mouth with a fork. When using a knife, the blade should not be outward. When you put down your knife and fork during a meal, you should put them in a figure of eight and put them on the edge of the plate respectively. The blade is facing itself, indicating that you will continue to eat.

after each dish, put the knife and fork together on the plate. If you are talking, you can hold a knife and fork without putting it down. When you don't use a knife, you can hold a fork in your right hand, but if you need to make gestures, you should put down your knife and fork. Never hold a knife and fork in the air, nor wipe your mouth with a napkin in one hand, nor take a glass in one hand and a fork in the other. Remember, never put one end of the knife and fork on the plate and the other end on the table.

When eating, the upper arm and back should lean against the back of the chair, and the abdomen should keep a fist distance from the table. Sitting with your feet crossed is best avoided.

3. Don't sip when drinking soup, but shut up and chew when eating. Don't lick your lips or smack your lips. If the soup is overheated, wait until it is slightly cold before eating, and don't blow it with your mouth. When drinking soup, scoop it out from the inside with a spoon. When the soup in the soup plate is almost finished, tilt the outside of the soup plate slightly with your left hand and scoop it out with a spoon. After eating the soup, leave the spoon in the soup plate (bowl) and point the spoon at yourself.

4. When eating fish, meat and other dishes with thorns or bones, don't spit directly. Cover your mouth with a napkin and spit gently on the fork and put it into the plate. If there is a small amount of dishes left in the plate, don't scrape the bottom of the plate with a fork, let alone use your fingers to help you eat, but use a small piece of bread or fork to help you eat. When eating noodles, you should roll them up with a fork and then send them into your mouth.

5. Bread is usually broken into small pieces and sent to your mouth. Don't bite the whole piece of bread. When spreading butter and jam, break the bread into small pieces before spreading it.

6. When eating chicken, most Europeans and Americans regard chicken breast as the most expensive. When eating chicken legs, you should first remove the bones forcibly, and don't eat them with your hands. When eating fish, don't turn the fish over. After eating the upper layer, remove the fish bones with a knife and fork, and then eat the meat at the lower layer. When eating meat, cut one piece and eat one piece. The pieces can't be cut too big, or cut all the meat into pieces at once.

7. If you want to add milk or sugar when drinking coffee, stir it evenly with a small spoon and put the spoon on the saucer of coffee. When drinking, you should hold the cup handle in your right hand, put the saucer on your left hand, and drink directly with your mouth, instead of scooping it with a spoon. When eating fruit, don't bite the whole fruit. Cut it into four pieces with a fruit knife, then remove the skin and core with a knife and fork it.

8. When eating meat with bones with a knife and fork, you can eat it with your hands. If you want to eat more elegantly, you'd better use a knife. Fix the whole piece of meat with a fork (you can put the fork up and press the meat with the back of the fork), then insert a knife along the bone and cut the meat. It is best to eat while cutting.

when you have to eat with your hands, hand washing water will be attached. When hand washing water is served with meat with bones, it means "please eat with your hands". After eating with your fingers, wash your fingers in a bowl filled with hand washing water. When eating ordinary dishes, if you get your fingers dirty, you can also ask the waiter to bring hand washing water, and pay attention to washing your hands gently.

9. Don't dip bread in sauce until there is no sauce left. This is courtesy to the chef. Be careful not to "lick" the bread plate very clean, but fork the bread that has been torn into small pieces and dip it in a little sauce to eat. This is the elegant way to do it.