With the continuous development of online new media technology, new media represented by the Internet, cell phone clients and network TV have become an important field for the public to express their interests and demands. According to the 44th Statistical Report on Internet Development in China released by the China Internet Network Information Center (CNN- IC), as of June 2019, China's Internet users were 854 million, with 25.98 million new Internet users in the year, and the Internet penetration rate reached 61.2%; the scale of cell phone users reached 847 million, with 29.84 million new cell phone users in the year; and the proportion of Internet users who use cell phones for Internet surfing The proportion of Internet users using mobile phones to access the Internet increased from 98.6% at the end of 2018 to 99.1%.0 ③ These data show that, driven by new media technology on the Internet, the continuous generalization and spread of information on the Internet has contributed to the fact that online public opinion focusing on campus emergencies, in an environment where people and information are constantly intertwined, may produce a social ripple effect that goes far beyond the emergencies themselves.

The behavior and emotional orientation of netizens will have a strong chain reaction on the direction of online public opinion on campus emergencies. Internet users obtain information about campus emergencies through media reports and new media platforms, process the information through individual cognition, and then express their emotions and demands through the new media platforms, which often show irrational characteristics and are easily affected by negative information, resulting in a group polarization effect. There are stakeholders with different identities and statuses in the netizen group, such as online rumor makers and disseminators of false information, etc., who will spread a large amount of false information, which will make the netizens' cognition of the event itself be skewed.

Risk elements of schools and education authorities' response behavior

The leading departments in effectively handling online public opinion on campus emergencies are mainly schools and education authorities. As campus emergencies have low flashpoints and many explosive points, and netizens have a strong sense of empathy, it is very easy for schools and education authorities to form public opinion "slots" in the process of responding to public opinion. The behavior of education authorities is often the focus of media attention. When schools and education authorities respond to online public opinion on campus emergencies, if they misbehave or do not respond positively, they will quickly become the focus of media and public attention and attack, and "confrontational interpretation of official information" will occur, easily triggering secondary public opinion and making it more difficult to deal with public opinion.

The new media provides a social environment for the evolution of the risk of campus emergencies, and at the same time promotes the change of the main body and public behavior in responding to campus emergencies. According to the social amplification framework of risk, risk events through "information dissemination, institutional structure and individual behavior*** together shape the social perception of risk, and then form the outcome of risk "1, and the process of social amplification of risk includes both the information diffusion mechanism of risk and the social amplification mechanism of risk. ② The evolution process of campus emergencies online public opinion is relatively complex. According to the life cycle theory, the evolution process of campus emergencies online public opinion can be divided into four stages: "gestation stage, diffusion stage, escalation stage, and recession stage". (3) Due to the complexity of the risk evolution of campus emergency online public opinion, combined with the four stages of online public opinion evolution based on the life cycle theory, and on the basis of the social amplification framework of risk, the risk evolution process of campus emergency online public opinion can be subdivided into four advancement mechanisms, i.e., the generation mechanism, the diffusion mechanism, the amplification mechanism, and the effect mechanism of public opinion risk. Meanwhile, based on the perspective of risk identification, the evolution of campus emergencies public opinion risk can be divided into two dimensions, namely, the dimension of amplification of public opinion risk focusing on the campus emergencies themselves, and the dimension of risk effect due to the interaction between the public and online public opinion.

After the outbreak of campus emergencies, multi-interested subjects including schools, media, and government grasp the development trend of campus emergencies through the perception of public opinion risk °The schools' perception of and response to the online public opinion of campus emergencies are crucial in the whole process of public opinion risk response. If the response to online public opinion is not timely, it is easy to miss the best time to manage the risk of campus emergencies online public opinion. The process of spreading the risk of campus emergencies online public opinion is also the process of interaction among multiple interest subjects. To clarify the interaction among interest subjects and prevent the risk information from spreading and evolving into new public opinion risks driven by irrational factors, it is necessary to build a collaborative system of responding to the risk of campus emergencies online public opinion, to realize the information***sharing, to achieve the tacit understanding of mutual trust, and to control the rumors, false information and negative information from spreading freely and to block the spread of the rumors, false information and negative information. It is necessary to build a collaborative response system for school emergency online public opinion risk to realize information ***sharing and reach a tacit understanding of mutual trust, so as to control rumors, false information and negative information, and block the channels of risk amplification. At the same time, we should improve the construction of risk communication mechanism, guide the public to express their rational demands, and develop diversified risk communication channels in the new media environment, so as to form a collaborative response system for campus public opinion in the multi-dimensional collaboration of "family, school and society".

The aggregation of online public opinion risk factors in campus emergencies leads to public opinion crises, and at this time, if effective public opinion risk management measures are not taken, it will lead to deeper social opinion crises. Applying the idea of resilient governance to the process of managing online public opinion risk in campus emergencies, and adopting appropriate risk intervention measures to control the public opinion risk within a controllable range, can help to quickly resolve the public opinion crisis at this stage. Resilient governance can minimize the conflict of stakeholders in campus critical incident online public opinion and effectively contain the public opinion crisis. During the process of responding to the risk of public opinion on campus emergencies, schools and education authorities should take the initiative to interact and communicate with victims and their families, understand the interests and demands in a timely manner, and restore the truth of the public's concerns through multiple channels and methods to repair the trust mechanism. In addition, focusing on cultivating the awareness of public opinion risk in schools and summarizing the lessons learned in public opinion crisis response are also the core of resilient governance thinking. Schools and government departments should focus on evaluation and learning after the event, and on the basis of summarizing experience, constantly revise and improve the emergency response plan for campus emergencies, so as to improve their ability to adapt to changes in the environment and their ability to deal with risks.