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What is the food quality and safety market access system
Market access is also called market access control, which means that in order to prevent inefficient or excessive competition in resource allocation, ensure economies of scale, scope and improve economic efficiency, government functional departments manage the market access of enterprises through approval and registration. Market access system is the relevant rules and regulations about market subjects and trading objects entering the market, and it is an institutional arrangement for market management and economic development by the government. It is embodied by the registration, issuance of permits and licenses of market entities by relevant government departments.
for the market access of products, the general understanding is the extent to which the subject (producers and sellers of products) and object (products) of the market are allowed to enter the market. The food market access system, also known as the food quality and safety market access system, refers to the supervision system that in order to ensure the quality and safety of food, producers with specified conditions are allowed to carry out production and business activities, and foods with specified conditions are allowed to produce and sell. Therefore, the implementation of food quality and safety market access system is a government act and an administrative licensing system.
The core content of the food market access system mainly includes the following three aspects:
First, the food production and processing enterprises are subject to production license management. The implementation of production license management refers to the review of environmental conditions, production equipment, processing technology, raw materials control, implementation of product standards, personnel qualifications, storage and transportation conditions, testing capacity, quality management system and packaging requirements of food production and processing enterprises, and sampling inspection of their products. Enterprises that meet the requirements and whose products have passed all the project inspections shall be issued with food quality and safety production licenses, allowing them to engage in food production and processing.
The food produced and processed by an enterprise that has obtained the Hygiene Registration Certificate of Export Food Factory issued by the entry-exit inspection and quarantine institution is sold in China; As well as enterprises that have obtained HACCP certification, when applying for food safety and quality licenses, they can simplify or avoid the examination of factory production prerequisites.
second, compulsory inspection shall be carried out for food leaving the factory. There are two specific requirements: first, those enterprises that have obtained the food quality and safety production license and been approved by the quality and technical supervision department and have the ability to inspect their products before leaving the factory can carry out self-inspection of their food. Enterprises that carry out self-inspection shall regularly send samples to designated legal inspection institutions for regular inspection; Second, enterprises that have obtained food quality and safety production licenses, but do not have the ability to conduct ex-factory inspection of products, entrust designated statutory inspection agencies to conduct ex-factory inspection of food according to the principle of convenience nearby; Third, the inspection institutions undertaking food inspection must have legal qualifications and conditions, and be examined and approved by the quality and technical supervision departments at or above the provincial level (including the provincial level), and the AQSIQ will uniformly publish the list of inspection institutions undertaking food inspection.
third, implement the management of food quality and safety market access signs. An enterprise that has obtained a food quality and safety production license must mark the food quality and safety production license number uniformly formulated by the state on the food packaging of the smallest sales unit and affix or affix the market access mark of food quality and safety, and express it with the abbreviation "QS" of the English name of "quality and safety" before leaving the factory for sale. The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) shall uniformly formulate the style and use methods of market access marks for food quality and safety.
what is the food production license system
the food production license system is an integral part of the industrial product license system, and it is a monitoring system designed to control the production conditions of food production and processing enterprises, which is formulated and implemented by the national administrative department in charge of quality supervision in the field of food production in order to ensure the quality and safety of food. The system stipulates that citizens, legal persons or other organizations engaged in food production and processing must have the basic production conditions to ensure the quality and safety of products and obtain the Food Production License according to the prescribed procedures before they can engage in food production. An enterprise without a Food Production License may not produce food, and no enterprise or individual may sell unlicensed food.
why implement the market access system for food quality and safety
implement the market access system for food quality and safety is an important measure to ensure the quality and safety of food based on the actual situation in China.
implementing the market access system for food quality and safety is the need to improve food quality and ensure the safety and health of consumers. Food is a special commodity, which is directly related to the health and life safety of every consumer. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the problem of food quality and safety has become increasingly prominent. The level of food production technology is low, the qualified rate of product sampling is not high, fake and shoddy products are repeatedly banned, and poisoning and casualty accidents caused by food quality and safety problems have occurred frequently, which has affected the safety and health of the people and attracted great attention from the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. On July 3, 2111, Zhu? When Premier Ji inspected the AQSIQ, he clearly instructed that "the AQSIQ must take good care of the food that concerns people's lives and health." In order to ensure food quality and safety from the source of food production and processing, it is necessary to formulate a set of food quality and safety supervision system that meets the requirements of socialist market economy, operates effectively and is consistent with international practices.
implementing the market access system for food quality and safety is the basic condition for ensuring food production and processing enterprises and the need to strengthen the legal management of food production. There is still a big gap between the production technology level of China's food industry and the international advanced level. Many food production and processing enterprises are extremely small in scale, with poor processing equipment, poor environmental conditions, weak technical force and weak quality awareness, so it is difficult to ensure the quality and safety of food. In 2111, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine conducted a special investigation on the production and processing enterprises of rice, flour, oil, soy sauce and vinegar in China. The results showed that more than half of the production enterprises did not have the ability to inspect products. Products are not inspected before leaving the factory; Many enterprises have chaotic management and do not organize production according to standards. Enterprises are the main body to ensure and improve the quality of products. In order to ensure the quality and safety of food, we must strengthen the supervision and management of food production and processing, and ensure market access from the production conditions of enterprises.
The implementation of food quality and safety market access system is the need to adapt to the reform and opening up and create a good economic operating environment. In the field of food production, processing and circulation in China, illegal activities such as lowering standards, cutting corners, shoddy, and fake are also rampant. In order to standardize the market economic order, maintain fair competition, adapt to the further opening of China's social economy after China's accession to the WTO, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, we must also implement the market access system for food quality and safety, and take measures such as reviewing production conditions, compulsory inspection, and labeling to effectively supervise and manage such illegal activities.
Scope of application of market access system for food quality and safety
According to the Implementation Opinions on Strengthening the Supervision and Management of Food Quality and Safety, "every citizen, legal person or other organization engaged in food production and processing within the territory of the People's Republic of China must have the necessary conditions to ensure food quality, obtain a Food Production License according to the prescribed procedures, and the food produced and processed must be inspected and affixed (printed) with a food market access mark. The administration of import and export food shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant state regulations on the supervision and administration of import and export commodities. "
At the same time, it is stipulated that the AQSIQ is responsible for formulating the Catalogue of Key Products for Food Quality and Safety Supervision and Management, and the AQSIQ shall implement the food quality and safety market access system for foods included in the Catalogue of Key Products for Food Quality and Safety Supervision and Management.
according to the above provisions, the scope of application of the market access system for food quality and safety is:
applicable area: the people's Republic of China and the territory of China.
applicable subjects: all citizens, legal persons or other organizations engaged in food production and processing and whose products are sold in China.
applicable products: foods listed in the catalogue of key products for food quality and safety supervision and management published by AQSIQ and produced and sold in China. The import and export of food shall be handled in accordance with the relevant state regulations on the supervision and administration of import and export commodities.
which foods were the first to implement the market access system for food quality and safety
There are many kinds of foods, and a large number of enterprises with different economic types are engaged in food production and processing. Therefore, to solve a large number of quality problems in food and food production, it requires government departments to take appropriate administrative measures to seize key points, solve outstanding key problems and standardize market order while giving full play to the market mechanism.
the implementation of catalog management in the market access system of food quality and safety is to solve the outstanding quality problems of food step by step. There are five types of food: wheat flour, rice, edible vegetable oil, soy sauce and vinegar. These five kinds of food are necessary for people's daily life and closely related to people's life; At the same time, these five types of food have a large production capacity, many production enterprises and many quality problems, and the average sampling pass rate is less than 61%; Such as excessive use of whitening agent in wheat flour, preparation of vinegar with non-edible glacial acetic acid and excessive use of preservatives. More importantly, these five kinds of food are also the basic raw materials of many kinds of food and catering industry. If these five kinds of food have quality problems, the scope and degree of harm will be greater. Therefore, we should implement the market access system from five categories of food: wheat flour, rice, edible vegetable oil, soy sauce and vinegar. At the same time, a special survey on the quality status and basic production conditions of five types of products, such as meat products, dairy products, beverages, condiments and tea, was carried out nationwide to prepare for the next implementation of the market access system.
What is the relationship between food production license and industrial product production license?
Food production license is a part of industrial product production license, and it works according to the working procedures, examination conditions and work deployment formulated by AQSIQ. But there are also some differences between them. First, the management mode is different. If the production license of industrial products is accepted by the provincial bureau of quality and technical supervision, the provincial bureau of quality and technical supervision or the examination department is responsible for the examination; The food production license shall be accepted by the Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision at or above the prefecture level and undertake the examination.
Secondly, the industrial product production license system is a relatively independent system, while the food production license, as a link of the food quality and safety market access system, ensures food quality and safety by examining the necessary conditions for food production and processing enterprises to ensure food quality and safety. The food production license system, compulsory inspection system and market access labeling system in the food quality and safety market access system are closely related, mutually supporting and inseparable complete systems.
What laws, regulations and rules are mainly involved in the food quality and safety market access system, and what are its main functions?
There are three main aspects: First, laws, administrative regulations and departmental regulations. Laws and regulations such as Product Quality Law of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Law of the People's Republic of China, National Metrology Law of the People's Republic of China, Trial Regulations on Production License of Industrial Products, Regulations on Quality Responsibility of Industrial Products, Measures for the Administration of Production License of Industrial Products, Provisions on Investigating and Punishing Illegal Acts of Food Labeling, and Provisions on Product Labeling are The second is normative documents. In order to solve the serious quality problems existing in the domestic food production and processing field, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, based on the above-mentioned laws and regulations and according to the management functions entrusted by the State Council, formulated the Notice on Further Strengthening the Supervision and Management of Food Quality and Safety and the Implementation Opinions on Strengthening the Supervision and Management of Food Quality and Safety, established the basic framework of the market access system for food quality and safety, and defined the purpose, division of responsibilities, work requirements and main working procedures for implementing the market access system for food quality and safety. The third is technical regulations. In order to unify the access standards of food production and processing enterprises nationwide and standardize the management behavior of quality and technical supervision departments, AQSIQ has also implemented detailed rules for specific food production licenses. The Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Rice Production License, the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Wheat Flour Production License, the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Edible Vegetable Oil Production License, the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Soy Sauce Production License and the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Vinegar Production License issued this time are highly technical specifications, which are commonly referred to as technical regulations, and are used to guide enterprises to improve the necessary conditions for ensuring product quality, and to guide the implementation of food production license review and food compulsory inspection in various places.
the above three laws, regulations and normative documents provide a basic working basis for standardizing food production and processing behavior, effectively strengthening the supervision and management of food quality and safety from the source, improving food quality in China and ensuring consumers' personal health and safety.
What are the prerequisites for applying for a Food Production License?
A food production and processing enterprise shall meet the requirements for the establishment of an enterprise as stipulated by relevant laws, administrative regulations and relevant state policies. In other words, enterprises engaged in food production and processing should obtain the food hygiene license issued by the administrative department of health in accordance with the prescribed procedures, and should obtain the business license issued by the administrative department of industry and commerce.
an enterprise engaged in food production and processing in the catalogue of key products for food quality and safety supervision and management must have a food hygiene license and a business license, and should also apply for a food production license.
What are the necessary conditions for food production and processing enterprises to ensure product quality?
According to the relevant provisions of the Implementation Opinions on Strengthening the Supervision and Management of Food Quality and Safety, the necessary conditions for food production and processing enterprises to ensure product quality include 11 aspects, namely, environmental conditions, production equipment conditions, processing technology and process, raw material requirements, product standards requirements, personnel requirements, storage and transportation requirements, inspection equipment requirements, quality management requirements, packaging and labeling requirements, etc.
different food production and processing enterprises have different specific requirements for ensuring product quality, and detailed provisions are made in the corresponding detailed rules for the implementation of food production licenses.
What are the basic requirements for the environmental conditions of food production and processing enterprises?
According to the relevant provisions of the Implementation Opinions on Strengthening the Supervision and Management of Food Quality and Safety, food production and processing enterprises must have environmental conditions to ensure the quality of products, mainly including no harmful gases, radioactive substances and diffuse pollution sources around food production enterprises, and no potential places where insects breed in large quantities; Production workshops, warehouses and other facilities should be equipped with corresponding effective measures to prevent rats, mosquitoes and flies, insects from invading, hiding and breeding according to the hygienic requirements of production processes and the characteristics of raw material storage, so as to avoid endangering food quality and safety.
what are the basic requirements for the production equipment conditions of food production and processing enterprises
according to the relevant provisions of the implementation opinions on strengthening the supervision and management of food quality and safety, food production and processing enterprises must have production equipment, process equipment and related auxiliary equipment to ensure product quality, and have workshops or places suitable for raw material processing, processing and storage to ensure product quality. Different products require different production equipment. For example, wheat flour production enterprises should have screening and cleaning equipment, specific gravity stone removal machine, magnetic separation equipment, flour mill, screening equipment and flour cleaning.