I. General Provisions This Code is formulated in order to guarantee the basic housing conditions of urban residents, improve the functional quality of urban housing and make the housing design meet the requirements of applicability, safety, hygiene and economy.
This Code is applicable to the residential design of new and expanded cities in China.
The house is divided into the following floors: 1. The low-rise residence is one to three floors; Two, multi-storey residential four to six floors; High-rise residential buildings with three or seven to nine floors; Four, ten floors and above high-rise residential buildings.
Residential design must implement national policies and regulations, and abide by the relevant provisions of safety and health, environmental protection, land saving, energy saving, material saving and water saving.
Residential design should meet the requirements of urban planning and residential area planning, make the building in harmony with the surrounding environment, and create a convenient, comfortable and beautiful living space.
Residential design should be standardized and diversified, and new technologies, new materials and new products should be actively adopted to promote the modernization of residential industry.
Residential design should not only meet the requirements of recent use, but also consider the possibility of future transformation.
Residential design should be people-oriented, not only to meet the general living requirements, but also to meet the special use requirements of the elderly and the disabled.
In addition to this code, residential design should also meet the current national mandatory standards.
Second, the indoor space (1) should be designed according to the apartment, and each apartment should have basic spaces such as bedroom, living room (hall), kitchen and bathroom.
Ordinary residential units are divided into one to four categories, and the number and use area of living space should not be less than the regulations.
(2) 4. The design of1staircase and * * * elevator stairwell shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings (GBJ 16) and Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings (GB50045).
4. 1.2 The clear width of the stair section should not be less than 1. 10m.
For residential buildings with six floors or less, the width of stairs with railings on one side should not be less than1m.
Note: The clear width of the stair section refers to the horizontal distance between the wall and the center of the handrail.
4. 1.3 stair tread width should not be less than 0.26m and tread height should not be greater than 0.175 m.
The height of handrails should not be less than 0.90 meters.
When the length of the railing in the horizontal section of stairs is more than 0.50m, the height of the railing should not be less than1.05 m.
The gap between the uprights of stair railings should not be greater than 0.11m.
4. 1.4 The clear width of the landing should not be less than that of the stair section, and should not be less than1.20m..
The vertical height from the lower edge of the stair platform structure to the pedestrian passage shall not be less than 2m.
There should be a height difference between the ground at the entrance and the outdoor ground, which should not be less than 0. 10m.
4. 1.5 When the stairwell width is greater than 0. 1 1m, measures must be taken to prevent children from climbing and sliding.
4. 1.6 For residential buildings with seven floors or more, elevators must be provided for residential buildings with outdoor design floors exceeding 16m.
Note: ① For multi-storey houses with shops or other rooms on the ground floor, elevators must be installed when the height between the entrance floor and the outdoor design floor of the building exceeds 16m; (2) For multi-storey houses with overhead floors or storage spaces on the ground floor, elevators must be provided when the height of the entrance floor is greater than 16m from the outdoor floor of the building; (3) When the top floor is a two-story duplex apartment, the jump floor is not counted.
When the height between the top entrance floor and the outdoor design ground of the building is less than 16m, there is no need to set up an elevator; (4) When the middle floor of the building has an entrance and exit directly leading to the outdoor ground and a fire escape, the number of floors can be calculated from the middle floor; 4. 1.7 12 floors and above, each building should have at least 2 elevators, and 1 elevators can accommodate stretchers.
4. 1.8 There should be a station on each floor of the elevator for high-rise residential buildings.
When there is no station on each floor of residential elevator, the number of floors without station should not exceed two.
The elevators in tower and corridor high-rise residential buildings should be arranged in groups.
When each unit of modular high-rise residential building has only one elevator, communication corridor should be used for communication.
4. 1.9 The depth of the elevator waiting hall should not be less than the depth of the largest car in multiple elevators, and should not be less than1.50m.
4.2 corridors and entrances 4.2. 1 verandah, inner patio and master bedroom roof railing clear height, low-rise and multi-storey houses should not be less than 1.05m, middle-high-rise and high-rise houses should not be less than 1. 10m. The railing should be designed to prevent children from climbing, and the distance between the vertical poles should not be greater than 0. 168.
4.2.2 The verandah of high-rise residence as the main passage should be a closed verandah with openable window sashes.
The clear width of the corridor should not be less than1.20m.
4.2.3 When public entrances and exits of residential buildings are located at the lower part of balconies, verandahs and open stair platforms, safety measures should be taken to prevent falling objects from injuring people.
4.2.4 The entrance and exit of the residence should have identification marks; Mailbox can be set by household.
The entrance and exit of high-rise residential buildings should be equipped with foyer, management room and newspaper room.
4.2.5 Wheelchair ramps and handrails shall be provided at the entrances and exits of residential buildings with elevators when there is a height difference.
4.3 Garbage collection facilities 4.3. 1 Residential buildings should not be equipped with garbage pipes.
When there are no garbage pipes in multi-storey houses, corresponding facilities should be set up according to the garbage collection method.
When there is no garbage pipe in the middle and high-rise residence, each floor should be provided with a closed garbage collection space.
4.3.2 When garbage pipes are installed in houses, the following requirements shall be met: 1 Garbage pipes should not be arranged beside bedrooms and living rooms (halls); 2. The effective section of garbage pipeline shall not be less than the following provisions: 1) 0.40mX0.40m2 for multi-storey houses; 0.50mX0.50m3 for medium-high-rise houses; 0.60mX0.60m3 for high-rise houses; The garbage hopper and the garbage hopper door shall be corrosion-resistant and tightly closed; The top of the garbage pipe should pass through the roof, and the bottom should be provided with a closed garbage room.
4.4 Basement and Semi-basement 4.4. 1 The residence should not be arranged in the basement.
When arranged in a semi-basement, there must be lighting, ventilation, sunshine, moisture-proof, drainage and safety protection measures.
4.4.2 When the basement and semi-basement are used as storage rooms, bicycle garages and equipment rooms, the clear height should not be less than 2m; When used as a garage, it should comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standard Code for Design of Garage Buildings (JJ100).
4.4.3 Waterproof, moisture-proof and ventilation measures should be taken for basement and semi-basement; Drainage measures should be taken for light wells.
4.5 Attached to public housing 4.5. 1 It is strictly forbidden to set up shops, workshops and warehouses that store and use Class A, B and C fire hazards, nor to set up shops, workshops and entertainment facilities that produce noise, vibration and pollute the environment.
4.5.2 It is not advisable to decorate restaurants in residential buildings. When conditions permit, the chimney and exhaust duct in the kitchen should be higher than the roof of the house, and the air conditioning, refrigeration equipment and machinery should be treated for vibration reduction and noise elimination, and should meet the relevant requirements of environmental protection laws and regulations.
4.5.3 Equipment rooms with noise and vibration sources such as boiler room and transformer room should not be arranged in residential buildings.
Conditional layout, should comply with the current building fire prevention, building sound insulation and related professional norms.
4.5.4 The entrances and exits of residential buildings and affiliated public buildings should be set separately.
Three. Indoor environment 5. 1 sunshine, natural lighting and natural ventilation 5. 1. 1 Each house should have at least one living space with sunshine. When the total number of living spaces in a house exceeds four, two of them should get sunshine.
5. 1.2 The sunshine standard of residential space that meets the sunshine requirements shall conform to the current national standard Code for Planning and Design of Urban Residential Areas (GBJ50 180) on the sunshine standard of residential buildings.
5. 1.3 The residential daylighting standard shall conform to the provisions of Table 5. 1.3 on the minimum value of daylighting coefficient, and its window-to-ground ratio can be taken as specified in Table 5. 1.3.
4. The window area ratio of stairwell 1 is the ratio of the side window opening area Ac of the room with direct natural lighting to the building area Ad of the room.
2 This table is calculated according to the single-layer ordinary glass fiber reinforced plastic window in Class III waiting area. When it is used in other waiting areas or other types of windows, it should be adjusted according to the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Building Lighting Design Standard".
3 humanly scaled openings below 0.50 meters from the ground are not included in the lighting area.
The height from the upper edge of humanly scaled opening to the ground should not be less than 2m.
5. 1.4 The bedroom and living room (hall) should have natural ventilation that circulates directly with outdoor air.
Ventilation measures shall be taken for one-way houses.
5. 1.5 The ventilation opening area of a naturally ventilated room shall meet the following requirements: 1 The ventilation opening area of the bedroom, living room (hall) and bathroom shall not be less than 1/20 of the building area of the room.
2 The ventilation area of the kitchen should not be less than110 of the building area of the room, and should not be less than 0.60m2 ..
5. 1.6 The bedroom, living room (hall) of the residence in severe cold area should be provided with ventilation facilities, and the kitchen and bathroom should be provided with natural ventilation channels.
5.2 Thermal insulation 5.2. 1 Residential buildings shall ensure the basic indoor thermal environment quality, and adopt measures of thermal insulation in winter and summer, heat prevention and energy saving for heating and air conditioning.
5.2.2 The energy-saving design of residential living rooms in cold and cold regions shall conform to the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "Energy-saving Design Standard for Civil Buildings (Heating Residential Buildings)" (JGJ26), in which the building shape coefficient shall be controlled below 0.30.
5.2.3 In cold, hot in summer and cold in winter, hot in summer and warm in winter areas, sun-shading measures should be taken for the west-facing external windows of residential buildings; Thermal insulation measures should be taken for the roof and the external wall facing west.
5.2.4 For air-conditioned rooms, insulation measures should be taken for the envelope.
5.3 Sound insulation 5.3. 1 The allowable noise level (sound level A) of the bedroom and living room (hall) of the house should be less than or equal to 50dB during the day and less than or equal to 40dB at night. The weighted sound insulation capacity of air sound on the walls and floors of residents should be greater than or equal to 40dB, and the weighted standardized impact sound pressure level of floors should be less than or equal to 75dB.
5.3.2 The bedroom and living room (hall) of the residence should be arranged on the side facing away from the noise source.
5.3.3 The elevator should not be arranged beside the bedroom and living room (hall).
Sound insulation and vibration reduction measures must be taken where conditions require adjacent arrangement.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Let me explain something else first: When restaurants, canteens and other rooms are installed in residential buildings, the kitchen will produce a lot of steam and oil smoke, and the kitchen is generally located on the ground floor. Therefore, its chimneys and ventilation pipes should go straight out of the top roof of the house to prevent backflow, so as to avoid harmful smoke from invading the house, ensure safety and protect residents' health.
At the same time, air conditioning, refrigeration equipment and machinery often produce noise and vibration, which affects residents' rest, so it is necessary to reduce vibration and noise.
Second, in residential areas, in order to save land, increase the green area and public activity area, and facilitate residents' lives, public service facilities such as shops are often arranged at the bottom or appropriate parts of the house.
With China's economic reform and the development of the tertiary industry, services operated by collectives or individuals are often arranged in residential buildings.
Judging from the present situation, commercial service outlets are mainly located on the first and second floors of multi-storey, medium-high-rise and high-rise residential buildings. In many areas, "commercial and residential buildings" are built, and large shopping malls, restaurants, restaurants and other services are arranged on the first and third floors of the building.
There will be more and more public facilities attached to residential buildings to serve residential areas (even the whole area), and public houses such as shops, postal services, banks, kindergartens, restaurants and repair businesses necessary for residents' daily life should be allowed.
However, in order to ensure the safety of residents and prevent the occurrence of fires and disasters, it is necessary to prohibit the layout of petrochemical shops, liquefied petroleum gas cylinder storage warehouses and other shops, workshops and warehouses that store and use Class A and B fire dangerous goods.
The relevant protection requirements should still be implemented according to the relevant provisions of the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings.
Shops, workshops and entertainment facilities that produce noise, vibration and environmental pollution shall not be set up in residential buildings, and specific projects shall be approved by local competent authorities according to law.
Third, public facilities such as boiler room and power distribution room should not be arranged in residential buildings. If it is really necessary to arrange it in a high-rise residential building, measures such as sound insulation, vibration reduction and noise elimination should be taken for the equipment and rooms to prevent interference to residents and ensure the safe operation of the equipment. Relevant requirements shall comply with the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings and relevant professional specifications.
Fourthly, entrances and exits include plane traffic and vertical traffic, and vertical traffic refers to stairs and elevators.
In the layout of public houses such as shops in residential buildings, it is mainly to solve various contradictions arising from putting houses with completely different functions together.
In addition to solving the contradiction between structure and equipment system, the entrances and exits of residential buildings and affiliated public buildings should be arranged separately without interference.
If the ground floor shops are set up, the customer entrance, the purchase entrance and the salesperson entrance should be arranged separately from the household entrance, and the residential entrance should not be used as the business and purchase entrance.
The layout of public houses such as kindergartens shall also comply with the provisions of this article.
Multi-functional buildings and apartments should have separate entrances and exits, and should not be shared with entrances and exits of other functional areas.
This is not only convenient for daily use, but also conducive to fire prevention and safe evacuation.
6. Indoor environment 1. Sunlight is one of the basic elements of human survival and health. Adequate sunshine in indoor environment is an important condition to ensure the physical and mental health of residents, especially those who are old, weak, sick and disabled, and it is also an important factor to ensure indoor hygiene, improve indoor microclimate and improve comfort. Therefore, this article stipulates that different types of houses should have a certain number of houses in winter.
2, natural lighting residential building lighting should be based on the lowest value of lighting coefficient as the standard.
This article shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of the national standard "Building Lighting Design Standard".
In the design stage of residential scheme, we should estimate the lighting of the window-to-ground ratio index of each room according to Article 5. 1.3, and then calculate the minimum lighting coefficient according to the determined window-to-ground ratio.
Ensure good natural lighting in the room.
3. The bedroom and living room (hall) of a naturally ventilated house should have good natural ventilation.
In the residential design, the position and direction of the window opening on the external wall of the above room should be arranged reasonably, and the natural wind that circulates directly with the outdoor air should be effectively organized.
This article emphasizes that bedrooms and living rooms (halls) should organize convection flow between exterior walls and windows or circulating corner wind between adjacent exterior walls and windows.
When the design conditions of the residence make it necessary to adopt one-way residence, effective measures such as ventilation window above the door, louvers below or mechanical ventilation devices should be taken to ensure good ventilation conditions in the bedroom and living room (hall).
The size of the vent in a room is not equal to the area of the window. In reality, the windows in many rooms are in the form of sliding windows and fixed Liangzi, which greatly reduces the area where the ventilation openings can be opened.
This article requires that the area of ventilation openings be ensured.