Born of humble origins in the chaotic world when the emperor
Ju Qiyu's biological mother Wu, was originally a maid of honor in the residence of the Han King. At that time, Emperor Xuanzong on his uncle, King of Han, Zhu Gaoxu military, the Royal Palace to capture Zhu Gaoxu father and son, and the King of Han's Palace of women into the harem as slaves. On his way back to the capital, Emperor Xuanzong met Wu, a maid of the Han Palace, and was impressed by her beauty and intelligence, so Wu was able to accompany Emperor Xuanzong until he returned to the capital. After returning to the capital, Wu, a slave, could not be made a concubine, so Emperor Xuanzong arranged for her to be placed in a large mansion close to the palace walls, where she was often visited. Wu gave birth to a son named Zhu Qiyu, who became Emperor Daizong of the Ming Dynasty. Wu was named Xianfei (賢妃), but still lived outside the palace.
Sunde eight years, Emperor Xuanzong is seriously ill, so he sent to Wu's mother and son called into the palace, and entrusted his own mother, Empress Dowager Zhang to treat Wu's mother and son, after the death of the orphan. Empress Dowager Zhang soon named Zhu Qiyu as King of Zhoukou, and built a royal residence for mother and son to live.
Originally, the king could have spent his life in peace, but the smoke of the Tumu Fortress changed his life. First, he was ordered to serve as the supervisor of Yingzong during his imperial campaign, but later, as Yingzong was captured and his eldest son was only two years old, the country was left without a permanent ruler, and King Kuk was thrust into the foreground. Under the authorization of Empress Dowager Zhang, the King succeeded to the throne, the temple name of Emperor Dai Zong, the year name "Jing Tai", remote respect for Emperor Ying Zong as the Supreme Emperor, and the establishment of Emperor Ying Zong's eldest son, Zhu Jin Shen, as the Crown Prince. Therefore, Emperor Daizong of Ming Dynasty was also known as Emperor Jingtai.
Daizong to Prince into the reign, drunkenness, indulgence and pleasure. One of his greatest hobbies was to scatter silver beans and money on the ground, and ordered the court ladies to scramble for them for fun.
The house arrest of Yingzong and the abolition of the crown prince led to discontent in the court
Soon, Yu Qian defeated the Warat army on the outskirts of the capital. On the third day of the eighth month of the first year of Jingtai (1450), Emperor Yingzong set out from the camp of Yixian on a journey south to return to his country. It was the first time in Chinese history that a Han Chinese emperor was captured and released back without any humiliating conditions attached.
After arriving in Beijing, King Yingzong entered the city by the Anding Gate. Afterwards, Emperor Yingzong changed to take the French ride, into the Dong'an Gate, Jingtai Emperor from the Dong'an Gate to meet, the salute, Yingzong replied to the worship, pulling each other's hands, tears and tears staining the lapel, each other excuses and concessions for a long time.
After a few years, although Emperor Yingzong for the Emperor, but was under house arrest in the South Palace.
The emperor of Jingtai, who had been on the throne for just over a year, did not want to see King Yingzong return to the court, and in order to prevent him from communicating with his old ministers, the emperor of Jingtai was on guard against every move he made. 1455 in the summer of the year, he accepted the suggestion of the eunuch Gao Ping to cut down all the trees in the South Palace to prevent people from communicating with King Yingzong over the high wall.
The Jingtai emperor, by enlisting his ministers and after some twists and turns, finally raised his own flesh-and-blood son to the position of the crown prince.
In 1452, the Jingtai emperor formally declared his decree to abrogate the crown prince, Zhu Mishen, as the king of YI, and to set up his royal son, Zhu Mizi, as the crown prince, at the Fengtian Gate.
After the change of the Eastern Palace, it was not expected that the good times would not last long, and Zhu Jianji, who had been in the Eastern Palace for only a year, died in November of the fourth year of Jingtai (1453), which was the first year of the reign of Emperor Jingtai's reign.
When King Yingzong was captured during the "Tumu Mutiny," Empress Dowager Zhang ordered King Kukuo to oversee the country, and at the same time, almost at the same time, set up King Yingzong's son, Zhu Jishen, as the crown prince. Empress Dowager Zhang's intention is very clear: the Ming dynasty is still the King's, the King is only an agent of the ruling only. Yingzong returned to the capital, Jingtai Emperor, the protection of the country has been successful, did not return the throne to Yingzong is still reasonable, but he counter Yingzong's son of the crown prince position is also abolished, the courtiers and ministers think that Jingtai Emperor selfishness is too heavy, there is a loss of people's hearts. Guizhou Province, the supervision of the Royal Historian Zhong Tong once said: "the prince died, enough to know the fate of heaven is there." At the same time and Chen all the ills. Jingtai emperor heard the news was furious, Zhong Tong was sentenced to death.
The Rape of the Gates
Two days after losing the throne, he died
In December of 1456, Emperor Jingtai was seriously ill and could not perform the rites of the palace. Shi Heng saw the Emperor's condition and estimated that he would not be able to die, so he and Xu Youzhen secretly planned to prepare for the restoration of Emperor Yingzong. Afterwards, they secretly reported to Empress Dowager Zhang and obtained her permission.
Jingtai eight years (1457) the first month of the 17th four o'clock in the morning, Shi Heng and others led the army to open the Chang'an Gate, and then quickly rushed to the South Palace, to ask King Yingzong to return to the throne. To the East China Gate, the guards shouted to stop, Yingzong shouted: "I am the emperor!" Donghuamen opened with the sound.
Five o'clock, all the officials in the afternoon outside the court room waiting for Jingtai emperor ascending dynasty, suddenly heard the palace bells and drums ringing, the palace door is wide open, Xu Youzhen came out and loudly announced: "the emperor reset carry on!" Dumbfounded officials in Xu Youzhen's urging, hurriedly team into the palace to congratulate.
The next day, Emperor Yingzong arrested Yu Qian, Minister of War, Wang Wen, and a number of ministers and eunuchs in prison. On the 21st day of the first month, the eighth year of Jingtai was changed to the first year of Tianshun. Eight years later, at the age of 31, Emperor Yingzong once again became the master of the Ming Empire. This event is known as the "Rebellion of the Captive Gate", or the "Restoration of the Southern Palace".
After the "change of the door", Emperor Yingzong accused Emperor Daizong of being "unfilial, unfaithful, unkind and unrighteous, and the filth to be heard, the gods and men **** indignation", and announced that he would be abolished as King of the Cuckoos. Lost the emperor's name Zhu Qiyu was moved to the West inside the Yongan Palace to live, his condition soon tended to deteriorate, in 1457 on the 19th day of the first month passed away.
Did Emperor Daizong die of an illness or was killed? Historical records vary. One account says, "Emperor Jingtai's death was caused by a eunuch, Jiang An, who strangled him with a piece of silk."
After the death of Emperor Jingtai, Emperor Yingzong destroyed the Shouling Mausoleum built during his lifetime, and was buried in Jingtai Mausoleum in Jinshan, west of Beijing, in the rite of the Prince, which was not only relegated, but also humiliated. Chenghua eleven years (1475), the son of Emperor Xianzong to his uncle "counter-insurgency to protect the state, Dianan Zongshe" in the country's merit, to restore his status as emperor, to change his posthumous name to "King King Emperor Gongding", and then ordered the Secretary to repair the mausoleum, and its offerings and the royal tombs to enjoy the same treatment. The next order is to have the Secretary to repair the tomb, its offerings and the imperial tombs enjoy the same treatment. Jiajing period, Jinshan Jingdi Mausoleum and some remodeling, but also the green tile uniformly replaced by only the emperor can use the yellow glazed tiles, but Jingtai emperor's remains have not been moved into the thirteen mausoleums originally built in the Shouling. Therefore, Jingdi mausoleum alone in Jinshan, Jingtai emperor also became the only Ming dynasty not buried in the thirteen mausoleums of the emperor. The original mausoleum in the Thirteen Tombs for its construction of the mausoleum, a hundred years later buried only 29 days as emperor of the Ming Guangzong Zhu Changluo, which is now the thirteen mausoleums in the Qingling mausoleum.
Links to the civil war
July 1449 AD, Yixian attacked the Central Plains, the northern border emergency. The eunuch Wang Zhen encouraged Emperor Ming Yingzong to lead an expedition. However, due to the hasty deployment of the Ming army, the army was not organized, food and supplies were not in order, and the mood of the soldiers was very low. After a series of defeats, Emperor Yingzong panicked and retreated in a hurry. On the way back, Wang Zhen did not listen to the Datong general to let the British Emperor quickly into the Zijingguan suggestion, but instead invited the British Emperor to the Weizhou (so that the Hebei Weixian) his home, to show off the countryside. Fourteen days stopped at the Tumu Fortress, was surrounded by Yixian troops, Ming Yingzong was captured.