this merger is a horizontal merger.

horizontal mergers and acquisitions refer to mergers and acquisitions between competitors in the same industry, with the purpose of eliminating competitors, expanding market share and improving industry concentration.

As a global food and beverage giant, Nestle has expanded its position in the coffee market and enhanced its competitiveness by acquiring Starbucks' retail coffee business. This M&A will also help Nestle to further expand its market share in the retail coffee field.