at 14: 11 on February 8, 2122, the 246th press conference on epidemic prevention and control was held in Shanghai. Wu Jinglei, deputy director of the Office of the Leading Group for Epidemic Prevention and Control in Shanghai, introduced the implementation of 11 national measures to further optimize epidemic prevention and control in Shanghai.

Wu Jinglei said that Shanghai has made it clear that it will no longer carry out nucleic acid testing for all employees according to administrative regions, and all personnel except employees in high-risk positions and high-risk areas are willing to complete the testing in principle; Those who have no record of nucleic acid detection within 7 days will no longer be given yellow code. From today, Shanghai will no longer implement "landing inspection", "three inspections in three days" and "four inspections in five days" for those who come to Shanghai and return to Shanghai; Those who have come to Shanghai and returned to Shanghai for less than 5 days will no longer be marked with "less than 5 days after coming to Shanghai" and "place code", and they will no longer be restricted from entering relevant public places.

Wu Jinglei said that Shanghai has optimized and adjusted epidemic prevention requirements in some places. Except for places with special epidemic prevention requirements such as old-age care institutions, child welfare institutions, medical institutions and schools, closed entertainment places and catering service places will no longer check negative nucleic acid test certificates from tomorrow. Shanghai will continue to keep normalized nucleic acid testing sampling points and provide free testing services.

Further reading:

Ceng Guang: COVID-19's infected people recovered or developed secondary infection but the symptoms were milder

On February 7th, the comprehensive group of joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council released the Notice on further optimizing and implementing the prevention and control measures of COVID-19 epidemic, which put forward ten further optimization requirements for the delineation and management of risk areas, nucleic acid detection and isolation methods. In order to better understand the "New Ten Articles", on February 7th, Red Star journalists had an exclusive interview with Ceng Guang, a famous epidemiologist, in Tik Tok and today's headline live broadcast room, asking him to interpret the "New Ten Articles" and the recent epidemic prevention and control policies, and to answer questions that netizens were concerned about.

= Red Star Journalist Dialogue Ceng Guang

Talking about the "New Ten Articles"

The virus has changed, so have we

We should unify our thoughts and actions

Talking about the "New Ten Articles" just released, Ceng Guang said that it is a critical period for China to adjust its epidemic prevention strategy. The adjustment of prevention and control strategies needs a good turning point, which should be in the best interests of national health and national economy. At present, the dominant mutant in China is Omicron BF.7 The most typical characteristics of this mutant are its secret transmission, short incubation period and high incidence rate, but its mortality rate is very low. And these characteristics are relatively stable.

Ceng Guang said that from the public health point of view, this is a good turning point. However, the turning point of prevention and control strategies in Europe and America occurred under the condition of high mortality, and they paid a high price. In the past, China's epidemic prevention and control strategies were basically successful. But after Omicron BA mutant came, we found that the epidemic situation has changed. At present, it is characterized by rapid onset and high input cost.

"If the enemy has changed, so will we. In the process of turning, we should unify our thoughts, actions and steps. The' new ten articles' introduced under this condition will play an important role in the turning point of epidemic prevention and control. "

Ceng Guang said that a typical feature of the "New Ten Articles" is that the scope of containment and control is very limited. In addition, nucleic acid can be omitted in places where there is no epidemic risk, and it is unnecessary for the elderly and residents who work at home. Nucleic acid detection is cooling down.

Looking back at the initial stage of the epidemic, Ceng Guang said that at the initial stage of the epidemic in Wuhan, new pneumonia was included in Class B infectious diseases, and Class A prevention and control measures were taken. Class A management means that you can take large-scale closure measures, interrupt traffic, close communities, and forcibly isolate infected people, suspected cases, close contacts, etc. Because the characteristics of the disease at that time were high incidence and high mortality.

Ceng Guang said that the epidemic situation in COVID-19 is now more like influenza, with the focus on rescuing critically ill patients. Monitor the epidemic trend of diseases, strengthen vaccine development, monitor the use of antiviral drugs and virus resistance.

Talking about personal protection

The situation has changed, and the requirements for residents have also changed

More N95 masks should be worn

Ceng Guang said that it is necessary to realize that the number of infected people has increased at present, which is not caused by the "Twenty Articles on Epidemic Prevention and Control", nor the increase in the number of infected people after the introduction of the "Twenty Articles", but by the laws of the disease itself.

He said that at present, there are a large number of asymptomatic infected people and mild patients, which may lead to some situations that cannot be counted, leading to some infected people still flowing in the society. Now, more emphasis should be placed on the responsibility of individuals and families. Everyone should take care of his family, and the elderly at home should wear masks. Social prevention and control is relaxed, and personal prevention and control should be strengthened.

Ceng Guang advocates wearing more N95 masks, increasing antigen testing while reducing nucleic acid testing, and making it easier for residents to obtain antigen testing kits and learn to use them. After the test is positive, report it in time to prevent the epidemic from spreading.

"The situation has changed, so have the requirements for residents. Residents should raise their awareness, test positive, and accept standardized management, such as home isolation, as well as people living together. The media should also strengthen publicity and guidance in purchasing drugs, material supply and vaccination, especially to mobilize the enthusiasm of vaccination. The epidemic prevention and control measures will continue to be optimized, and if they are released, they will not be at ease. The vaccination rate of the elderly is particularly important. "

When talking about drugs, Ceng Guang said that the diseases infected in COVID-19 are basically self-healing diseases, and mild and asymptomatic diseases can self-heal.

"It is more important than medicine to drink more water, rest more, enhance nutrition, be cheerful, and not be stressed. These are more important than taking medicine." He also reminded that some Chinese patent medicines have certain therapeutic effects, but they are not preventive drugs. Don't eat them if you are not sick.

"Young people can take some antipyretic and analgesic drugs when their body temperature exceeds 38 degrees. If their fever is low, it is unnecessary to take medicine. Drink more water and have more rest. If symptoms appear after infection, or the basic diseases and chronic diseases of the elderly get worse, they should be treated in time. The purpose of asking for asymptomatic and mild illness at home is to vacate the ward and serve the critically ill patients. " Ceng Guang said that the necessary personal protection and isolation is to keep the peak of infection from being too high, and to keep the peak down so as not to have a medical run.

Ceng Guang said that the number of doctors, nurses and wards per million people in China, especially infectious disease wards, is far behind that in developed countries. The key to balance the gap lies in our steady liberalization.

= live broadcast

Talking about vaccination:

Adverse reactions of the elderly are less than those of young adults

It is suggested that chronic patients should be vaccinated selectively

Talking about vaccines, Ceng Guang said that it is difficult to improve virus variation by developing vaccines. Examples at home and abroad show that the research and development of vaccines can't keep up with virus variation. In this case, let the developed vaccine play a certain protective role, and do a good job of homologous immunity and sequential immunity. Experimental data show that the sequential immunization effect is more obvious. He also mentioned that the current vaccine is still effective for the current mutated virus, especially for reducing critical cases and deaths.

When talking about the vaccination of the elderly, Ceng Guang said that the elderly people's willingness to vaccinate is low, which is not only reflected in the COVID-19 vaccine, but also the influenza vaccination rate is very low. Another reason for the low willingness of the elderly to vaccinate in China is that the vaccination in COVID-19 was mainly from October to June, 2121. At that time, the elderly were not greatly threatened, while the young and middle-aged people were the main groups at risk of external exposure to the virus, and their awareness of vaccination was stronger. In foreign countries, during the period of vaccine marketing and vaccination, a large number of elderly people have been infected or even died, so it is easy for the elderly to be vaccinated. The "new ten articles" mentioned vaccination for the elderly, which is a bright spot. Strengthen the vaccination of the elderly as a principle to all localities, and through publicity and mobilization, the situation will soon change.

Ceng Guang also mentioned that because the immune response of the elderly is not as fast and high as that of young people, the probability of side effects and adverse reactions in the elderly is lower than that of young people. He also pointed out that only a small number of people could not be vaccinated. I hope that some people with chronic diseases, as long as they are not in the late stage or in a special period, will try to vaccinate as soon as possible. He said that in the "new ten articles", vaccination is heating up and nucleic acid detection is cooling down, which is very suitable for the current situation in China.

Talking about sequela

Sequela mainly concentrated before June last year

It was not a problem at that time

Some netizens mentioned in the live interaction that there would be a second infection after COVID-19 recovered. Ceng Guang said that there may be a secondary infection, but the probability is very low and the symptoms are milder.

Regarding the question raised by netizens whether COVID-19 infection will leave sequelae, Ceng Guang said that those infected before June 2121 may have sequelae of COVID-19, when the original strains, α and β, were prevalent, with severe illness and high mortality. However, the epidemic situation in China is well controlled, and the sequela is not a problem for our country.

Compare influenza with COVID-19 and Ceng Guang in detail. He said that influenza has caused serious harm to human beings, with a known history of more than 111 years. It is a disease that the World Health Organization attaches great importance to and is an infectious disease monitored globally. There are thousands of laboratories in China collecting influenza information. "We can say that we have thoroughly understood the situation of influenza and know how it mutates and how the vaccine responds."

Ceng Guang thinks that COVID-19 can't be compared with influenza in this respect. The history of COVID-19's popularity is too short. But some phenomena can be compared, that is, transmission coefficient, mild and asymptomatic patients and so on. Influenza no longer causes fear, because it has left the stage of high mortality. For COVID-19, we should not only see the optimistic side, but also the side with little human experience. Still be alert to risks.

Some netizens asked if they could go home this Spring Festival. Ceng Guang said that now is the critical period of epidemic prevention and control, and I'm afraid I have to go home this Spring Festival, and those who shouldn't have to stay. On the way home, no matter whether you check nucleic acid or not, personal protection should be done well. Wear N95 mask when travelling by vehicle, minimize communication with others, and keep a certain distance.

Some netizens asked how to prevent infant infection? In this regard, Ceng Guang said that the infection rate of young children is low and the symptoms of infection are mild, and the vaccination of young children has reached 3 years old. To prevent infant infection, the whole family should be vaccinated and not take the virus home. Wash your hands and disinfect after returning home, and families with conditions can prepare a air disinfection machine. Children should pay attention to healthy nutrition.

so, what if you are infected? Ceng Guang said that it is necessary to judge whether you are a chronic patient or an elderly person, or whether you are asymptomatic or mild. If you are asymptomatic or mild, you should relax your mind and rely on immunity to defeat the virus. In this process, if the body temperature is higher than 38.5 degrees, you can take antipyretic and analgesic drugs. In addition, pay attention to living with family members, and it is best to isolate them in a separate room.

= On February 2, 2122, the traffic at Chaoyangmen Bridge in Beijing was like a picture. According to IC-photo

On the risk of medical run:

Everyone should do personal protection

Most beds should be reserved for critically ill patients

Ceng Guang has repeatedly reminded that although the symptoms of infection are not serious, too many people are not expected to be infected, personal protection should be done, and the peak of infection should be lowered to avoid medical run.

When talking about the medical run that netizens are worried about, Ceng Guang said that the isolation of infected people at home is to leave most beds for seriously ill patients. The number of ICU and isolation wards can be increased, and if it cannot be increased, more ventilators should be equipped. It is equipped in infectious wards and general isolation wards. Ensure that medical personnel are given priority vaccination. Medical staff should strengthen self-protection and occupational protection, and medical staff in non-infectious departments should strengthen training and join the battle when necessary. Mobilizing the whole medical system, managing community hospitals, secondary hospitals, tertiary hospitals and shelter hospitals well, together with family management and oral antiviral drugs, can reduce more than half of critical cases.

"It's much more optimistic to settle accounts like this."

Ceng Guang said that if we see that the peak of infection is about to reach the ceiling, social control can be stricter. The purpose of strictness is to be wider and the means of prevention and control should be flexible.

Talk about yourself:

As the chief epidemiologist of China CDC

Think from the national perspective

Previously, Ceng Guang made many predictions on the continuous optimization of prevention and control policies in COVID-19, and also put forward many valuable opinions. Speaking of this, he said, not only among public health experts, but also among economists and sociologists, everyone thinks that it is necessary to continuously optimize and liberalize epidemic control.

Ceng Guang said that his experience as the chief epidemiologist of China CDC in 2119 allowed him to participate in it. Even when SARS came, he was still making suggestions and countermeasures to the top decision makers. When the epidemic comes, as a national public health expert, it has become a mode of thinking to think about what China should do from the national perspective and the world pattern.

"China's prevention and control policies cannot be adjusted in one step, and it is impossible to lie down. China's epidemic prevention and control should be counted in the general ledger."

Red Star Journalist Wu Yang Intern reporter Wang Chenyuan Intern Xi Congcong

Editor Guan Li