First, the main hazards
1. double color water level gauge or water level gauge is damaged.
2. The pipeline is not heated as required.
The safety protection device is out of order.
4. Irregular furnace descaling.
5. The automatic water supply device is damaged.
Second, the scope of application
Article 1. This operating procedure is applicable to the operation of boiler fireman.
Third, the post conditions
Article 2 Physical health is suitable for the requirements of this post.
Article 3. Must be trained and pass the exam, and hold relevant certificates.
Article 4 the fireman must be familiar with the performance and structural principle of the boiler and master the heating system.
Fourth, the safety regulations
Article 5 The hazard source of this post must be identified before operation, and "finger dictation" must be strictly carried out during operation.
Article 6 Abide by labor discipline, fill in the work log carefully, and don't do anything irrelevant to your job.
Article 7. Check the boiler pressure gauge, safety valve and water level alarm regularly.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) surgical preparation
Article 8. Check whether the boiler pressure gauge, water level gauge, safety valve, water level alarm and overtemperature and overpressure alarm are sensitive and reliable.
Article 9 The boiler drum, induced draft fan system and water supply system are normal, and the valves of steam-water pipeline are adjusted according to regulations.
Article 10 Before the boiler is ignited, the water pressure test shall be carried out according to the relevant regulations to check for water leakage or abnormal phenomena.
Article 1 1. After the above inspection is qualified, water can be supplied to the boiler. Boiler feed water speed should be slow and water temperature should be appropriate. When the water level of the boiler rises to the lowest water level line, stop the water supply and check the sewage valve and sewage system. The water level of the boiler cooling furnace should not exceed the normal water level line.
Six, normal operation
Article 12 Ignition
1. Before the boiler is ignited, thoroughly ventilate the furnace and flue. For naturally ventilated boilers, the ventilation time shall not be less than 10 minute, and for mechanically ventilated boilers, the ventilation time shall not be less than 5 minutes.
2. When igniting, open the ash door, open the flue baffle in half, and use firewood and other combustible materials to ignite. It is forbidden to use volatile oil or explosives to ignite.
3. The boiler ignition should choose different operation modes according to the furnace type, and the ignition speed should not be too fast to prevent damage to the boiler.
4. Pay close attention to the boiler water level after ignition to ensure the normal water level.
5. Boilers that have been out of service for more than half a year must be warmed up according to regulations before use.
Chapter 13 Boost
1. When the pressure rises to 0.05-0. 1 MPa, flush the boiler water level gauge, wear gloves when flushing, do not face the water level gauge, and move slowly to prevent equipment damage and personal injury.
Flushing water level gauge sequence:
(1) Turn on the tap and flush the soda channel and glass tube.
(2) Close the cock and flush the steam channel separately.
(3) Turn on the faucet first, then turn off the steam faucet, and wash the waterway separately.
(4) Open the steam cock first, and then close the drain cock to make the water level return to normal. When the air pressure rises to 0. 1-0. 15 MPa, flush the trap pipe of the pressure gauge to prevent scaling. When flushing the pressure gauge trap pipe, the method is as follows: Turn the valve connected to the pressure gauge back to its original position, and the pressure gauge pointer can return to the position before flushing, indicating that the trap pipe is unblocked, otherwise it should be flushed again.
2. When the pressure in the boiler rises to 0.2 MPa, check whether there is any leakage at each joint of the boiler. The connecting bolts of the removed air intake cover, handhole cover and flange only need to be re-tightened, and the operation should be sideways, and the force should not be too strong to prevent the bolts from breaking.
3. When the pressure of the boiler rises to 0. 1-0.4 MPa, water supply equipment and blowdown device should be used to supply water to the boiler, and then blowdown should be carried out. Observe that the water level in the water level gauge should not be lower than the safe water level, and close the valve after sewage discharge without water leakage.
Article 14 Warm Pipe
When the boiler pressure rises to 2/3 of the working pressure, warm the pipes to prevent water hammer accidents when the pipes are loaded. The pipe warming time should be determined according to the medium, temperature, seasonal temperature, pipe length, pipe diameter and heat preservation. The order is:
1. Open the steam trap on the pipeline, discharge all condensed water, and then close it until the steam supply is officially started.
2. Slowly open the main steam valve or the bypass valve on the main steam valve for half a turn, and then fully open the warm pipe after the pipeline is fully preheated to prevent vibration and water hammer, pay attention to the expansion of the pipeline, and timely eliminate the fault of warm pipe.
3. Slowly open the inlet valve of the sub-cylinder, so that the air pressure of the pipeline and the sub-cylinder is equal, and pay attention to the elimination of condensed water.
4. Each air valve on the cylinder should be rotated for half a turn until it is fully opened to prevent the valve from being stuck due to thermal expansion.
Article 15 Pressure setting of safety valve
1. Before the boiler is officially put into operation, the pressure relief function safety valves of the boiler and superheater must be adjusted and calibrated according to relevant regulations, and the safety valves on the economizer should also be adjusted and calibrated according to regulations.
2. After the pressure of the safety valve is set, the automatic exhaust test shall be conducted again under the working pressure until the relevant regulations are met.
3. When the pressure of the safety valve is adjusted, special personnel shall be arranged to monitor the pressure gauge and water level gauge to prevent overpressure and water shortage accidents. Wear gloves when operating, clean the site and put away tools to prevent slipping.
4. Finally, other safety devices must be firmly fixed, sealed or locked. The opening pressure of each safety valve, the lifting height of the back pressure valve core, the adjustment date and personnel should be recorded in the boiler technical file in detail.
16 and furnace (and steam)
1. After the pipe heating work is completed, the furnace can be closed. When the boiler is combined, the boiler pressure is lower than 0.05-0. 1 MPa of the steam pressure of the operating system.
2. Keep the steam pressure and water level normal when the furnace is merged, and put it into economizer.
Article 17 Requirements for normal operation of the boiler: the water level in the boiler is normal, the steam pressure is stable, the boiler room is kept clean and tidy, and the handover work is well done; Strengthen the inspection of all mechanical equipment and instruments to ensure safety and reliability and prevent accidents.
1. water supply requirements: the boiler feed water must be treated, and the water quality standard must conform to GB 1576 Water Quality Standard for Industrial Boilers.
2. The water level in the water level gauge should be in the middle of the water level gauge, which should be adjusted with the change of load in operation, but the fluctuation range should not exceed 40mm, and the water level gauge must be washed once per shift.
3. The boiler pressure must remain stable and shall not exceed the design pressure. The pressure gauge elbow shall be flushed once per shift to monitor whether the pressure gauge is normal. If the pressure gauge is found to be damaged, it should be stopped immediately for repair or replacement.
4. In order to prevent the valve core and valve seat of the safety valve from being damaged, the manual test shall be conducted at least once a week, and the automatic exhaust (water) test of the safety valve shall be conducted at least once every two weeks.
5. Boiler blowdown should be carried out at low water level and low load, and the time should be as short as possible, so as not to affect the water cycle. Wear gloves when operating, and the operation method is as follows: first open the slow-opening valve, and then close the fast-opening valve intermittently for rapid sewage discharge. After the sewage is discharged, close the quick-opening valve first, and then close the slow-opening valve.
6. If two or more boilers share a set of sewage main pipes, and there is no check valve on the sewage pipeline, attention should be paid to:
1) It is forbidden for two boilers to discharge pollutants at the same time.
2) If another boiler is overhauled normally, the boiler under overhaul must be isolated from the sewage pipeline before sewage discharge.
7. After the sewage is discharged, close the drain valve and check whether the drain valve is tight. Inspection method is: close the sewage outlet. After a period of time, touch the pipe leaving the second drain valve by hand to see if it is cooled. If it is not cooled, the drain valve will leak.
8. Furnace pressure meets relevant technical requirements.
9. Boiler heating surface soot blowing should be carried out according to relevant procedures and requirements, and operated from the side to prevent the soot blowing holes in the furnace flame from spraying out and hurting people. Usually, soot blowing is performed once per shift, and soot blowing must be carried out before stopping the furnace. When the combustion is unstable, soot blowing cannot be carried out.
10. The normal combustion conditions in the furnace should be as follows: the fire bed is flat, the flame is dense, uniform and bright yellow, there is no cold air burner, the burnt-out section is neat and consistent, and the smoke emitted from the chimney is light gray. When the negative pressure in the furnace is kept at 20-30pa, and the evaporation or heating output is around the rated output, the exhaust temperature is 160- 180? amongst
1 1. The boiler load and the operation of the combustion chamber must be constantly adjusted according to the steam supply or heat supply to ensure the boiler pressure stability. When the boiler load increases, increase the induced draft fan first, then increase the blast, then speed up the grate and increase the thickness of coal seam if necessary. When the boiler load is reduced, the grate speed should be slowed down first, then the blast and the induced air volume should be reduced. If necessary, the thickness of coal seam can be reduced.
12. When the coal enters the furnace, it should catch fire within 0.3m from the coal sluice, and it is not allowed to burn under the coal sluice under any circumstances, otherwise it is easy to burn out the coal sluice. If the fuel starts to catch fire at a distance of 0.3m from the coal gate, it will be considered as a "misfire". If it is found that there is coal burning under the coal gate, the water spraying amount of coal can be appropriately increased to speed up the grate. When there is a fire, you can use the poker at the left fire hole to transfer the coal burning behind to the newly entered fuel bed.
13. When there are high and low pits on the furnace, harrow them to eliminate the pits and ensure the furnace is flat.
14. Long-term fire extinguishing should be avoided, because long-term insufficient cooling of the fire row and the two side plates of the grate may bring the following disadvantages:
(1) Grate is easy to overheat and may be damaged.
(2) The two side plates of the grate are overheated and bent, and the long pin of the grate is stuck.
(3) The long pin of the furnace is bent.
The coal seam should be away from the coal gate 100 mm in a short time to prevent the coal gate from burning out (short time means 1-2 hours).
15. When the boiler is running, pay attention to whether there is any special noise in each part of the boiler. If yes, check it immediately, and stop the furnace for inspection if necessary. If the grate is stuck, the safety clutch of the speed control box will automatically fall off to realize automatic protection. At this time, it should be checked and the operation can continue after troubleshooting.
16. Each shift must open the tribal ash door under the grate to discharge the ash four times, and close it immediately after discharging the ash. The opening and closing procedures of the grey door should be carried out from the first room to the fifth room in turn, and it is not allowed to be reversed. When there is a lot of ash in the air chamber (i.e. the ash box), when the ash falling door is opened instantly, the speed of the chain grate is too slow to take out the ash. At this time, the rotation of the ash falling door is resisted by the ash falling layer, and it feels that the opening strength is not enough. When this happens, it is forbidden to hit the handle of the ash drop door with a hammer (it is easy to break the handle). As long as the switch is turned on and off several times, the ash falling on the grate can be completely opened. Once the ash door can be completely opened and flexibly closed, it means that the ash in the ash hopper has been eliminated, and the ash door should be closed immediately to prevent air leakage.
17. Dust is discharged from the upper part of the rear arch twice per shift to eliminate the fly ash accumulated at the lower part of the convection tube bundle. After the ash discharge, it must be closed quickly, and the handle should be placed in the closed position to avoid short circuit of flue gas and burning out the ash discharge door. In case this happens, the gray door can be sealed and repaired after maintenance.
18. The front ash box must be cleaned twice per shift. All the ash at the lower part of the chain grate is brought to the front ash box by the grate. Once the front ash box is full, the grate is compacted and lifted by ash, and the ash causes the lower grate to damage the ash drop door and the wind chamber. The sprocket is not well matched with the movable grate, which raises the upper grate, resulting in the grate being stuck by the sealing surface, the long pin bending, the grate being pulled off and other accidents.
Article 18 Shutdown
In the operation of the steam boiler, in case of any of the following circumstances, the boiler should be stopped urgently:
1. The boiler water level is lower than the visible edge of the lower part of the water gauge.
2. Increase water supply and take other measures, but the water level continues to drop.
3. The boiler water level exceeds the highest visible water level (full of water), and the water level cannot be seen after drainage.
4. The feed water pump is completely out of order or the water supply system is out of order, so it is impossible to supply water to the boiler.
5. The water level gauge or safety valve fails.
6. Boiler parts are damaged, endangering the safety of operators.
7. The boiler equipment is burnt out, the furnace wall collapses or the boiler frame burns red, which seriously threatens the safe operation of the boiler.
8. The boiler temperature rises sharply and is out of control.
9. All circulating pumps or feed pumps are out of order.
10. The make-up pump keeps replenishing water to the boiler, but the boiler pressure keeps dropping.
1 1. Other abnormal conditions endanger the safe operation of the boiler.
Article 19 Emergency shutdown operation
1. Immediately stop coal supply and air supply, and reduce the induced air volume.
2. Put out the fire quickly, reduce the boiler pressure and accelerate the cooling of the furnace.
3. In case of emergency shutdown due to water shortage, it is forbidden to supply water and discharge pollutants to the boiler.
Article 20 the temporary boiler stop operation
1. Stop feeding coal and press the fire to make the boiler water level slightly higher than the normal water level.
2. Turn down the oven door and flue door, so that a small amount of air can pass through the furnace to prevent combustible gas from exploding and burning.
3. Boiler with economizer and superheater shall be implemented according to relevant regulations.
Article 2 1 Normal shutdown
1. Stop coal feeding, reduce blast and induced wind, burn out fuel and remove ash. After the combustion device cools down, stop air supply and air introduction.
2. In case of boiler accident, corresponding measures should be taken according to the accident type to protect the site and report to relevant departments and leaders immediately.
3. After boiler shutdown, maintenance shall be carried out according to relevant regulations to prevent boiler corrosion. During the maintenance period, drugs should be checked and replaced regularly.
Seven, the finishing touch
Article 22. Clean up the equipment and site civilization and hygiene.
Twenty-third strictly implement the system of succession, fill in the boiler and ancillary equipment operation log and succession records.
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