Seven, China regional differences knowledge points.

Division of four geographical regions

1, divided into four regions: geographical location and natural human geographical characteristics.

2. Boundary: (1) Northwest and other areas: the boundary between monsoon area and non-monsoon area.

(2) North and South areas: Qinling-Huaihe line.

(3) Qinghai-Tibet region: the dividing line between the first step and the second step (Kunlun Mountain-Qilian Mountain-Hengduan Mountain)

3. The geographical significance of Qinling-Huaihe Line: ① It is the dividing line between the southern and northern regions of China; ② It is roughly equivalent to the 0℃ isotherm of winter 1 month in China; ③ It is the place where the annual precipitation of 800 mm and other precipitation lines generally pass in China; ④ It is the dividing line between semi-humid area and humid area in China; ⑤ is the dividing line between warm temperate zone and subtropical zone in China. ⑥ is the dividing line between temperate monsoon and subtropical monsoon ⑥ is the dividing line between paddy field and dry land.

(2) northern and southern regions

Northern region:

1, location range

East of Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, south of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains, west of Daxing 'anling Mountains, north of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and south of Inner Mongolia Plateau.

2. Climate type: temperate monsoon climate; Discrimination: wet and semi-wet.

3、

7 agriculture

Main agricultural products and food crops: wheat; Oil crops: peanuts; Sugar crops: sugar beet;

Cash crops: cotton, millet, soybean, etc.

Vegetation and fruit trees: natural forests in Northeast China and temperate fruits; Mineral resources: iron; Main energy sources: coal and oil;

Main fruits: apples, grapes, pears, peaches, apricots and persimmons;

4. Customs and habits

People's staple food: pasta (Northeast, North China: rich in wheat, mainly pasta; Loess Plateau: mainly millet);

Characteristics of traditional houses: pay attention to cold protection and heat preservation (northeast and north China: adobe walls and brick houses (fire-resistant); Loess Plateau: Cave);

Transportation: Tradition: Mules and horses act as carriages; Modernity: Railway, Highway

Sports: skating

5. Ecological environment and control: soil erosion and land desertification.

6. Major cities

Beijing, Harbin, Changchun, Shenyang, Dalian, Shijiazhuang, Taiyuan and Xi 'an.

Southern region:

1, location range

East China Sea, South China Sea, West Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, North Qinling and Huaihe River.

2. Climate type: subtropical and tropical monsoon climate; Discrimination: the highest temperature is 28℃ ~ 30℃, and the lowest temperature is above 0℃; It is hot and rainy in summer and warm and humid in winter.

3. Agricultural development and problems

Main agricultural products and food crops: rice; Oil crops: rape; Sugar crops: sugarcane; Cash crops: cotton;

Vegetation and fruit trees: subtropical and tropical cash crops and fruit trees.

Main fruit: sugarcane; Banana, litchi, longan, pineapple, citrus, longan, coconut;

Mineral resources: non-ferrous metals; Main energy sources: nuclear energy and abundant water energy;

4. Customs and habits

People's staple food: rice

Characteristics of traditional houses: paying attention to ventilation and heat dissipation, mainly facing north and south, and the roof of tile house is steep.

Means of transportation: traditional: boat; Modern: ships

Sports: swimming, dragon boat race

5. Ecological environment and control: red soil and soil erosion.

7. Major cities

Shanghai, Wuhan, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Chongqing and Chengdu

8 Differences between North and South Areas

(1) Terrain difference: the northern region-plateau, mainly plain; Southern regions-plateaus, plains, basins and hills

(2) climate difference; In northern China, the average temperature in -65438+ 10 is below 0℃, and the annual precipitation is between 400-800 mm The temperature zone mainly belongs to warm temperate zone and middle temperate zone, and the dry and wet zone mainly belongs to semi-humid zone. In southern China, the average temperature in -65438+ 10 is above 0℃, and the annual precipitation is above 800 mm The temperature zone belongs to subtropical zone, and the dry and wet zone belongs to humid zone.

(3) Hydrological characteristics of rivers: North China-small water volume, short flood season, large sediment concentration and ice age; South China-large amount of water, long flood season, small sediment concentration and no ice age.

(4) Difference of natural vegetation: North area-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest; Coniferous forest in cold temperate zone; South China-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest; Tropical monsoon forest

(5) Farming system: one crop a year or three crops every two years in the north; Double cropping a year or triple cropping a year in the south.

(3) Northwest China and Qinghai-Tibet region

Northwest China:

1, location range

The Great Wall and Kunlun Mountain, west of Daxing 'anling and north of Altun Mountain: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, Ningxia, North Gansu 1, surface landscape.

(1) Plateau and basin are dominant, with obvious wind erosion and more deserts and Gobi;

⑵ From east to west, the vegetation changes as follows: grassland-desert grassland-desert.

2. An important animal husbandry base in China.

3. Mainly irrigated agriculture.

4. Main distribution areas

① Hetao Plain in Inner Mongolia ② Ningxia Plain ③ Hexi Corridor ④ Xinjiang Oasis

5. Underground treasure: there are a lot of coal, oil and rare earth reserves.

6. People's life in Northwest China

(1) Food: beef, mutton and dairy products.

(2) Living: an easy-to-disassemble felt house made of wool felt.

(3) Line: horses, camels and donkeys.

(4) Sports: dancing, wrestling and equestrian.

Qinghai-Tibet region:

1, location range

To the west of Hengduan Mountains, to the north of Himalayas, to the south of Kunlun Mountains and Altun Mountains: Xizang Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, and to the west of Sichuan Province (with an area of 25% and a population of less than 1%), mainly inhabited by Tibetans, with a large number of Han people in the east of Qinghai Province.

The main rivers and lakes are: Yangtze River, Yellow River, tributaries of Huangshui River, Yarlung Zangbo River and Qinghai Lake (there are many salty lakes, which are dry and have a large evaporation, ice and snow supply, salt and glaciers, like solid reservoirs).

2. Natural environment characteristics: extremely cold.

3. Plateau agriculture and animal husbandry: Yarlung Zangbo River basin and Huangshui River basin.

Main crops: highland barley, wheat and peas. Main livestock: yak, Tibetan sheep and Tibetan goat.

4. Qaidam Basin is rich in energy and mineral resources: solar energy, geothermal energy and minerals.

5. People's life in Qinghai-Tibet area

(1) Food: Ciba made of highland barley flour, roasted or cooked beef and mutton.

(2) Living: Pastoral areas generally live in tents made of thick yak felt and can move freely; Most non-pastoral areas are in houses with thick walls made of stones and adobe.

(3) Route: Yak

(4) Sports: dancing and equestrian.

6. Protect the Three Rivers: Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River.

7. Natural environmental causes of drought in northwest China: the terrain is closed-humid airflow is difficult to reach-precipitation is scarce-the climate is dry.

8. The landscape from east to west in Northwest China is: grassland-desert grassland-desert.

9. The main cities in the northwest of China are distributed in railway and highway traffic lines, plains along the Yellow River and oases on the edge of the desert, mostly in the form of dots or strips.

10. The reason for the high cold in Qinghai-Tibet region: high altitude, snow all year round in the mountains and wide distribution of glaciers.

1 1. Main grassland types and livestock: yak and Tibetan sheep in alpine pastoral areas (Tibetan pastoral areas); Mountain pasture (Xinjiang pastoral area) Xinjiang fine-wool sheep; Sheep and Sanhe cattle in grassland pasture (Inner Mongolia pastoral area).

12. Main highways and railways in Qinghai-Tibet region: Sichuan-Tibet Highway, Yunnan-Tibet Highway, Xinzang Highway, Qinghai-Tibet Highway and Qinghai-Tibet Railway.

Eight. Geographical regions with their own characteristics

(A) the Loess Plateau

1. Geographical location and scope: Taihang Mountain in the east, Wushaoling Mountain in the west, Qinling Mountain in the south and Great Wall in the north, spanning Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia provinces.

2. Formation of the Loess Plateau:

Aeolian theory: It is believed that loess is formed by the wind from other places. Other theories: water formation theory, feng shui and rain theory.

3. Serious soil erosion

(1) Causes of soil erosion: Natural factors mainly include topography, rainfall, soil (ground material composition), vegetation, etc. (1) The terrain is generally mountainous with a large slope; ② Precipitation is mainly concentrated in July and August, with heavy rain; ③ Loess is loose in structure, and many substances are easily soluble in water; (4) The surface is bare, lacking the protection of vegetation. Man-made factors: ① Deforestation, grass destruction and steep slope land reclamation destroyed the ground vegetation; (2) Mining, road construction and other capital construction do not pay attention to soil and water conservation, which destroys the ground vegetation and stable terrain. At the same time, a large number of abandoned earth and stone are dumped into the river ditch at will, resulting in new sand and gravel loss.

4. Ecological construction measures: ① biological measures such as planting trees and grass are combined with engineering measures such as building terraces and repairing earth dams to control soil erosion; (2) Reasonably arrange production activities, such as returning farmland to forests and grasslands on steep slopes, and reduce the number of grazing livestock in overgrazing areas.

5. Measures to solve the ecological construction of the Loess Plateau: ① Strengthen family planning, strictly control population growth and improve population quality; ② Migrate the population with fragile ecological environment to other places and establish new immigrant villages; (3) government departments should vigorously publicize and provide farmers with food and subsidies, so that they can respond to the call of returning farmland and actively carry out ecological construction; ④ In the process of ecological construction in the Loess Plateau, we should adjust measures to local conditions, develop diversified businesses according to local natural conditions, increase income, and solve the problem of large population and little land on the Loess Plateau.

(2) The areas along the Yangtze River

1. Geographical location and scope: The Yangtze River starts from Shanghai in the east and reaches Panzhihua in Sichuan in the west, stretching for more than 3,000 kilometers from east to west;

2. Unique natural conditions: ① Low terrain, mainly plains and hills; ② Subtropical monsoon climate with good hydrothermal conditions; (3) There are numerous rivers, lakes and abundant water resources; ④ Rich in natural resources.

3. Connection and radiation along the Yangtze River

3. Cities along the Yangtze River: Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan, Chongqing, and the four surrounding urban agglomerations.

4. Industries along the Yangtze River: four industrial bases and four "industrial corridors"

5, ecological environment and governance:

(3) Pearl River Delta region

1. The Pearl River Delta is located in the southeast of Guangdong Province, with convenient land and water transportation, and is known as the "South Gate" of China.

The Pearl River Delta region has formed a multi-level open system including special economic zones (Shenzhen and Zhuhai), coastal open cities (Guangzhou) and economic open areas (the whole Pearl River Delta).

2. Taking advantage of the superior conditions here, the Pearl River Delta has attracted a lot of overseas Chinese investment (the main source of foreign investment in the Pearl River Delta is Hong Kong and Macao) and has become the frontier of China's opening up.

3. Since 1980s, the Pearl River Delta has taken advantage of its superior geographical position adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, accepted the industrial diffusion of Hong Kong and Macao nearby, introduced a large number of foreign capital, introduced advanced technology and equipment, management methods and the latest industrial and commercial science and technology information, established a large number of processing and manufacturing enterprises, and developed an export-oriented economy.

The products produced in the Pearl River Delta are mainly exported to Southeast Asia, Europe, Africa, America, Oceania and other regions through Hong Kong and Macao trade channels, earning a lot of foreign exchange. By the end of the 20th century, it has become one of the largest production and export bases of electronic and daily consumer goods in the world.

5. The cooperation between Hong Kong, Macao and the Pearl River Delta region is based on "store in front and factory in back". Hong Kong uses the overseas trade window to conduct marketing and external sales, and plays the role of "shop". The Pearl River Delta region takes advantage of land, natural resources and labor force to process, manufacture and assemble products, and plays the role of "factory".

6. The development of processing and manufacturing industry in the Pearl River Delta has promoted the development of service industries such as catering, entertainment and transportation. These non-agricultural industries provide a large number of employment opportunities for local surplus labor and also absorb millions of foreign labor.

7. With the development of non-agricultural industries and the migration of population, more and more agricultural land in the Pearl River Delta has been transformed into industrial, transportation and urban construction land. These non-agricultural land is adjacent to the remaining agricultural land, forming a unique land use landscape with staggered distribution of residential land, industrial land, infrastructure land and agricultural land.

8. Xishuangbanna is the most intact place in China's pristine tropical rain forest except Hainan Province. The towering trees, huge packing, cruel strangled plants and majestic "single tree into forest" are all unique landscapes of the rainforest.

There are thousands of animals living in Xishuangbanna, including Asian elephants, green peacocks and other national key protected animals. People vividly call it "the kingdom of tropical animals".

10, Xishuangbanna is still a place where ethnic minorities live in concentrated communities, and the multi-ethnic customs with Dai as the main body have added infinite charm to Xishuangbanna.

1 1. For a long time, Xishuangbanna has been dominated by agricultural production. Since the mid-1980s, with the encouragement of the relevant policies of the state and Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, with its unique location and resource advantages, has made tourism rise rapidly and become an important pillar industry.

Nine. Northwest Development and Northeast Revitalization

(A) Western Development

(2) Revitalizing Northeast China

1, geographical location and scope

2. Natural conditions: climate, topography, transportation, agricultural products, tree species and minerals.

3. Advantages of developing industry in Northeast China. There are five industrial bases and central cities.

4. Problems faced:

5. How to revitalize:

① The two bases are high-quality steel bases led by Angang and Benxi Steel and equipment manufacturing bases centered on Shenyang, Harbin, Changchun and Dalian.

② Regional logistics centers with Shenyang, Harbin, Changchun and Dalian as the core.

③ Three major industries: high-tech industry, agricultural product processing industry and modern service industry.

X. Beijing, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan

(1) Beijing

1. Location: Located in the north of North China Plain, it is 0/00km away from Bohai Sea/kloc-0 in the east, bordering Tianjin in the southeast and surrounded by Hebei Province on three sides.

2. Urban function of Beijing: Beijing is a city for political, cultural and international exchanges between China and our country.

3. Urban modernization

(2) Hong Kong and Macau

1, comparison between Hong Kong and Macao

Time to return to the motherland

Population (ten thousand)

Area (square kilometers)

location

Major residents

form

Hong Kong

1997.7. 1

6.883 million

1 103

East exit of Zhujiang River, Guangdong Province

China is 98% British (mostly from Guangdong), and the other 2%.

Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories and more than 200 islands around them.

Macao

1999. 12.20

457 thousand

27.5

West bank of Pearl River Estuary

China is 95% (mostly from Guangdong) and Portugal is 3%.

Macao Peninsula and two small islands nearby

(3) Taiwan Province Province

1, geographical location

It is located in the southeast coast of China, bordering the East China Sea in the north, the Pacific Ocean in the east, the South China Sea in the south and Fujian Province across the Taiwan Province Strait in the west. It is a mountainous island (the mountainous area accounts for 2/3, Yushan is the highest peak, and the plains are mainly distributed in western Taiwan and coastal areas).

2. Treasure Island with rich resources

(1) treasure house of resources

Forest treasure house (camphor tree); Sweet island and granary (sugarcane, sucrose, rice); Hometown of fruits (bananas, pineapples); Rich in minerals (sea salt, natural sulfur, gold, copper, coal, oil); Aquatic kingdom (fish, etc.) ); Pearl on the southeast sea of the motherland; Salt storage in the southeast of the motherland.

3. Import processing and export economy (export-oriented economy)

The population and big cities are mainly distributed in the west.