With the improvement of economic level, tourism is growing, which leads to the development of tourism psychology. Here is my paper on tourism psychology for your reference.

Essay on Tourism Psychology Part 1: "The Psychological Principles of Pilgrimage Tourism"

Keywords: religious tourism; pilgrimage; tourism origin; through the rituals; spiritual and cultural needs

In the anthropological study of tourism in the West, some scholars believe that the origin of tourism is religious pilgrimage; some scholars believe that tourism is a kind of ? Others believe that tourism is a kind of "sacred journey". Sacred Journey? Some scholars have proposed that tourism is a modern pilgrimage. Tourism is a modern pilgrimage? The point of view of tourism is a kind of modern pilgrimage. It can be said with certainty that religious tourism is one of the earliest forms of human tourism. Religious belief is a concentrated manifestation of human spiritual culture, and religious tourism brings a kind of sacred color to the tourist's tourism purpose [1]. In this paper, we hope that by exploring the relationship between pilgrimage and tourism, we can find some **** common connotations between them and understand the psychological principles of pilgrimage.

On the origin of tourism, there is still disagreement between domestic and foreign tourism academics, but one point has been **** knowledge, that is, the emergence of tourism behavior is the result of people have enough leisure time, discretionary income and the motivation to travel. According to Ester's definition, tourism is the sum of travel and stay activities, and the resulting phenomena and relationships, of people who leave their usual place of residence for a foreign country for reasons other than migration and employment [2].

And pilgrimage, as the name suggests, is a pilgrimage of religious believers to a holy place, a journey towards a place for the purpose of veneration, or to seek some divine or supernatural blessing in that place, or to be routinely or exempted from some religious obligation. The Israeli anthropologist Eric ? Cohen once said: ? Religious pilgrimage is part of ancestral activity and the origin of contemporary tourism.? [3]

I. Pilgrimage and Tourism, Human's Different Lifestyles

Pilgrimage is a way of life of human beings since ancient times, while tourism is a modern way of life, compared with the daily life style of human beings, pilgrimage and tourism have certain **** common characteristics.　Out of piety and reverence for the gods, pilgrims are often wary of offending the sanctity and dignity of the gods with their casual words and deeds, thereby incurring karmic retribution in the next life, and thus always display many well-known mystical features that are different from those of daily life. In a similar vein, Nelson Grayburn, in his Anthropology of Tourism. Grayburn points out in his article "The Anthropology of Tourism"? The need to invert the experience of life? is a need that is universal to all mankind. universal need of all human beings? [4], from the point of view of tourism psychology, tourism is precisely a kind of life that seeks to expand, renew, and give people a sense of freshness. Thus? When people are traveling, their thoughts and behaviors are different from the usual ones. When the thought and behavior with the usual present a different degree of difference or even relativity, thus, has always been frugal tourists tend to be generous, usually rigorous and diligent travelers are inevitably lazy and indulgent and so on.

II. Pilgrimage and tourism, the course of life? Through rituals?

In the view of anthropologists, pilgrimage and tourism, like birth, adulthood, marriage, promotion, death and other events, can be regarded as the passage of the life course of the rituals, is the transition from one state to another state of the ceremonial events, have a three-stage structure of the ritual process: 1. Separation: leaving home to travel; 2. Transition: the pilgrimage and tourism process; 3. integration: return to life.

The pilgrimage and the traveling process.

Pilgrimage and travel as a life course? Through the ritual? The world is not a world. into the Sacred The milestones of the journey from the secular to the sacred. Pilgrimage and tourism as a life journey? through rituals. and is the subject's transition from the I am. to the "other". The Other the ladder of heaven. Pilgrimage and tourism as a life course of? through rituals. They are a way for the subject to pass from the original self to the New Self a refueling station [5]. Religious rituals divide the world into two: ? Sacred? world and? secular? world. For the pilgrim, the pilgrim, after careful preparation, is also free from the past once he or she leaves the place of origin? secular? world, through which they separate themselves from their familiar daily lives, leave their homes in search of holy relics, undergo trials and tribulations, and return to their hometowns with a new outlook. In the process of traveling, travelers leave their usual working and living environments, and accordingly detach themselves from their original social relations and behavioral norms in the secular society, and enter into a brand new, similar to the pilgrims? Sacred? Time and space. At this time, it does not matter between the high and low, noble and low, rich and poor travelers, equal and simple interaction, *** with the feeling of pilgrims like? Sacred? Tourism emotional experience. Psychologically, they have the desire and experience of ****common.

For pilgrims, believers hope that through their piety and hardship, to get the forgiveness and blessing of the gods, to complete the self-sublimation, which is the saints of the everlasting religious sentiment. The pilgrimage of the believer is intended to pursue? I am? and? The Other between the self and the other. symbolic reality. In the case of tourism, it is the the "we i.e., the traveler,? the other. is the host. In the process of traveling, people are immersed in the host's?　Different cultures? in the process of traveling, tasting local food, living in local houses, wearing local clothes, speaking local dialects, singing local folk songs, communicating with local people, forgetting many worries and troubles in their own lives, and being in the host's? Other? In the host's? other? world, enjoy the foreign scenery and exotic flavors, and at the same time, feel the real self and the real relationship between self and others, which may be exactly the tourism? This may be the sacredness of tourism. This is perhaps the sacred charm of tourism.

Through the ritual process of pilgrimage, the pilgrim is freed from the mundane world of everyday life. The original self? to the extraordinary? the holy self? and the reinvented self after returning from the pilgrimage. The new self? Tourism, however, is more popular and commonplace, where travelers abandon their original selves, experience spiritual pleasure during travel, and return to society as their new selves after a period of recharging and transformation.

III. Pilgrimage and tourism, the home of human spiritual culture

In the highly developed material civilization of the post-industrial modern society, bringing people the feeling of rigidity, it can be said that tourism is the modern people in order to satisfy their spiritual and psychological needs, and go to their respective ? Holy Land? Explore their spiritual and cultural values of a spiritual leisure activities. With fierce market competition and complex interpersonal relationships, modern people long for knowledge, friendship and understanding, pursue a sense of freedom, achievement and happiness, and hope to seek different experiences and experiences with the help of tourism, so as to continuously enrich, change and create their own spiritual qualities, and to realize their ultimate goals and spiritual values. This diversified, multi-functional and high-grade spiritual and cultural demand of modern tourists directly leads to the high spiritual and cultural nature of tourism motivation and tourism essence. Tourism, like pilgrimage, has a spiritual and cultural motivation and essence.

Modern tourists were tourist destinations? Center of the Holy Land? s unique culture, tourists are like the pilgrimage travel through the ages? The tourists are like the pilgrims in the pilgrimage travel. Sacred paradise? Tourism, like pilgrimage, embodies the pursuit of spiritual and cultural beliefs and convictions. Numerous facts show that in the process of tourism, modern tourists in the pursuit of tourism and entertainment at the same time, more is the pursuit of tourism spiritual and cultural connotations, tourism is a new form of modern spiritual and cultural ? Pilgrimage?

From the external form, pilgrimage and tourism are alternative to the daily life of human beings. Through rituals. From the connotation of imagery, both pilgrimage and tourism are the spiritual and cultural pursuits of human beings. Home? In the view of tourism psychology, the so-called ? Pilgrimage? refers to in order to obtain the spiritual value, or spiritual rehabilitation, or purely manifested as a kind of austerity and thanksgiving travel activities, and the process of realizing this activity has the life? Through rituals? s complete program and meaning. Traveling is a relatively secular and sacred journey that also has the full program and meaning of life? through rituals. s complete program and meaning, also to achieve a certain spiritual and cultural significance of the goals and symbols of the pursuit, and thus obtain psychological comfort and spiritual sublimation. Pilgrimage is a spiritual and cultural journey in the religious sense, and tourism is a modern spiritual and cultural pilgrimage. The first is a religious journey of spiritual culture, and tourism is a modern spiritual culture of pilgrimage.

In summary, in the long course of human development, religious tourism, and then can be said to pilgrimage tourism, has a deep cultural connotation and contains the eternal pursuit of mankind. Modern tourism, like pilgrimage, has the effect of spiritual compensation and sublimation. Both have a typical significance in psychology, interpreting the psychological needs of modern people.

References:

[1] Source: "Introduction to Tourism Psychology", Chapter 4, "Surface Psychology of Tourists? Consumption psychology by Lu Qin Chongqing University Press.

[2] Source: Introduction to Tourism, page 47, Chapter 2 The concept, nature and characteristics of tourism by Li Tianyuan Nankai University Press.

[3] Source: Zhang Xiaoping. Tourism is a modern pilgrimage? Ruminations [J]. Journal of Yunnan University for Nationalities, 2003,(4):91.

[4]Source: Liu Lijun, Deng Jun. The Wisdom of Original Culture in Greek Mythology [J]. Seeking, 2007, (8): 89.

[5] Source: Anthropology of Tourism by Peng Zhaorong National Publishing House.

Tourism psychology of the paper Part II: "from the scenic spot tourists psychological needs of tourism complaints"

Abstract Tourist attractions as the core elements of tourism development, in the process of its development, began to expose more and more problems, and the contradiction between the tourists is also becoming increasingly prominent, which is increasing the problem of tourism complaints. In view of such a situation, the article tries to start from the psychological needs of tourists in the scenic tour, comprehensively analyzes the causes and problems of tourist complaints, and proposes that the scenic area should be changed when dealing with complaints in the past ? Fear of Complaints ? s psychology, and correctly look at tourists' complaints.

Keywords tourists; scenic spots; tourism complaints

With the rapid development of tourism, as the core elements of tourism, tourist attractions, in the process of providing reception services for tourists, began to expose more and more problems, and the contradiction between the tourists is also increasingly prominent. Especially some hot tourist attractions, tourism complaints are increasing. In view of this situation, this paper tries to start from the psychological needs of tourists when they visit scenic spots, comprehensively analyzes the reasons and contents of tourists' complaints, and puts forward that scenic spots should change their previous attitude when dealing with complaints. Fear of complaints ? s psychology, and correctly look at the tourists' complaints.

I. Analysis of the psychological needs of tourists in the scenic area

With the development of the tourism industry, tourists in the scenic area tour demand is increasingly diversified, but to summarize, the common nothing more than the following three.

(A) seeking security psychology

Tourists travel, most of the new, different psychology, so they choose to visit the scenic area for them is certainly most never been, unfamiliar tourist attractions. When tourists enter the scenic spots, they are very prone to be confused, frightened and insecure due to the lack of space, and their actions and behaviors reflect a guarded and cautious mentality. In a word, tourists always have a kind of insecure psychology in the whole process of touring in scenic spots, fearing that accidents will happen and jeopardize the safety of their lives and properties. This kind of security psychology in the tourists just entered the scenic area within a short period of time performance is particularly obvious.

(II) seeking respect for the psychological

Tourists traveling, seeking respect for the psychological is the most basic psychological. Tourists in the scenic area of the entire tour process, most hold ? I spend money, you must provide me with quality service? The idea, so tourists in the process of tourism once the scenic area for its services are not satisfied, they will feel that they have been neglected, do not get due respect, may cause complaints. Expect to be compensated or regain due respect through complaints.

(C) seeking psychological

Tourists traveling in the scenic area, their role is very clear, most have ? Spend money to buy enjoyment, not to buy sin? The psychological, so they travel in the process, always expect to enjoy the usual at home impossible to get the service, coupled with the travel before the scenic spot by the influence of advertising publicity, that the tourist attractions visited by all the beautiful, ideal, so that the scenic area of all the high expectations, appearing to be full of psychological. Under the influence of this kind of psychology, they will be more picky about the scenic spots, and once the requirements are not met, they will be cheated, unfair psychology, and sometimes they will vent their psychological grievances and dissatisfaction by complaining, in order to seek a psychological balance.

Second, the scenic area tourists complain about the cause of analysis

Tourists in the scenic tour, may trigger their complaints for a number of reasons, there are scenic reception services, there are also tourists themselves, analyzed mainly the following kinds.

(a) scenic spot advertising and factual inconsistency

Some tourist attractions for the organization to recruit tourists, in the advertisement, flaunting exaggerated scenic facts, to the tourists to pass the untrue information, to deceive tourists. Such as: some scenic spots released ticket discount information, but does not indicate the ticket contains items and preferential conditions, misleading tourists, such as tourists to the scenic area, only to find that there are a lot of preferential conditions; scenic area product quality and price does not match, etc.

(B) scenic area staff quality is low, the way to deal with things is simple

Due to the tourist attractions of the threshold of the requirements of the practitioner is relatively low, the scenic area engaged in the first line of service work personnel are mostly in the middle of the service work. In the process of providing reception services for tourists, the service is not standardized, and the handling method is simple and rough, such as, can not correctly understand the needs of tourists, and ask for service tips from tourists.

(C) the expectations of tourists are getting higher and higher

With the development of tourism and the increase of people's discretionary income, the frequency of travelers out of the travel is increasingly accelerated, the travel experience is also more and more rich. Most travelers are more knowledgeable and have higher expectations of tourist attractions. However, some tourist attractions, especially some hot spots, have an oversupply of products and services during the peak season, leading to a decrease in quality, which results in a decrease in travelers' satisfaction and complaints.

(D) Tourist consumption is not rational

Tourists in the tour before the consumption of psychological immaturity, not rational enough, the pursuit of tourism products at ultra-low prices, resulting in the tourist attractions in order to scramble for sources of customers, to take the improper price cuts in the competition, which led to the tourists arrive at the scenic area to visit, the consumption of products and services can not meet the needs of tourists, and ultimately lead to the tourism complaints. The newest and most important of all, the newest and most important of all, is the newest and most important of all.

Third, the main content of the tourist complaints analysis

(a) scenic area service personnel work is not serious, poor service attitude

scenic area service personnel in the work process, the work is not responsible, do not respect the travelers, service attitude is too poor, service skills to be improved, mainly in the following four aspects:

1. do not pay attention to personal grooming, poor communication skills. Poor ability.

2. Reception attitude is not enthusiastic, not active, do not answer tourists' inquiries, or answer impatient, impatient, perfunctory or out of turn, sarcastic, abusive tourists.

3. Rude behavior, take items to the tourists, with? The company's website is a good source of information about the company's products and services. Or? The company's website is a good source of information about the company's website.

4.

4. Do not pay attention to cleanliness and hygiene. Scenic area of some of the service personnel health habits are bad, spitting, littering; dirty uniforms, clothing, especially in the summer time, not button; scenic environment, cleaning work perfunctory, bathroom dirty and so on.

(B) scenic product quality and price does not match, charges are not clear

Tourist attractions of the service personnel did not provide tourists with quality and price of tourism products or services, advertising and the actual product is far from; scenic areas of some of the items charged at an inflated price or charges are not clear, according to the promise of preferential treatment.

(C) scenic supporting facilities and equipment are not in place, the tourist environment is chaotic

Some tourist attractions there are serious supporting facilities and equipment are not in place, such as bathrooms, trash cans set distance interval is too far; scenic area signage is not perfect, the guide sign is not obvious, etc.; lodging facilities are too low-grade, equipment is outdated and so on.

Scenic area inside or around the poor health environment, garbage everywhere; scenic area in or around? Black guide? Wild guide? Crazy soliciting and slaughtering, etc., more tourism safety hazards.

Fourth, a correct view of tourism complaints

(a) the types of tourism complaints and their impact

Tourism complaints are generally divided into two categories: explicit complaints and implicit complaints. Explicit complaints refer to the traveler through the written or oral form to the relevant departments of the complaint, this type of complaint is currently the most common tourist attractions complaints, can be through specific measures or means to deal with, and ultimately eliminate the dissatisfaction of tourists.

Hidden complaints refer to tourists who are dissatisfied with the tourist attractions or services, but do not complain to any relevant departments, but to ? Vote with your feet?

The hidden complaint is that tourists who are dissatisfied with the tourist attractions or services do not make complaints to any relevant departments, but vote with their feet? For the scenic spot, the harm of hidden complaints is far greater than explicit complaints. Because the traveler's dissatisfaction scenic area does not know, there is no way to deal with. These travelers will be through their own? word-of-mouth? publicity, spread the negative image of the scenic area, resulting in damage to the image of the scenic area, while losing a large number of sources. At present, the vast majority of tourist attractions do not have the awareness to deal with hidden complaints.

(II) Correctly treating tourism complaints

For most tourist attractions, tourism complaints are often the things they are most afraid of happening. Dealing with complaints has thus become a task that scenic spot staff are most reluctant to face, especially for hot tourist attractions. In fact, any tourist attractions hope to provide tourists with quality services and products, but it is inevitable that complaints from tourists will be caused by various reasons or misunderstandings in the course of work. Complaints are not terrible, the terrible thing is not able to correctly look at the complaints, can not deal with complaints in a timely manner.

Tourism complaints can make the scenic spot managers timely discover the negligence and problems in the work, timely correction, to avoid similar problems occurring again, so as to improve the quality of service of the scenic spot; tourism complaints is the scenic spot to establish the tourists to its loyal opportunity, tourism scenic spot can be through the successful resolution of the complaints of the tourists to improve the satisfaction of the tourists, so as to improve their loyalty to the scenic spot.

References

[1] Peng Shuqing. Scenic Area Service and Management [M]. Beijing: Electronic Industry Press, 2010.

[2] Li Liang. Tourism Psychology [M]. Jilin: Jilin Audiovisual Press, 2006.

[3] Guo Yan, Wang Huizhang. Tourist Attractions Service and Management [M]. Xi'an: Northwestern Polytechnical University Press, 2011

>>> Next page more exciting? Thesis on Travel Psychology?