food safety.

food safety concept food safety is an easy-to-understand but difficult-to-define term.

on may 2, 2115, the general administration of quality supervision, inspection and quarantine officially promulgated and implemented the requirements of food safety management system, which is an important measure to strengthen food safety management in response to the promulgation and implementation of ISO22111 standard in China, and marks new progress in the legalization and standardization of food safety management system in China.

Food safety in school canteens is a matter of great concern to schools and health administrative departments. Promoting the introduction and implementation of ISO22111 standards in school canteens, building a food safety management system that conforms to the characteristics of school canteens, and providing safe and high-quality catering services for teachers and students should become the same responsibility and important means for schools and government health departments to manage food safety in school canteens.

I. Characteristics of ISO22111 standard

ISO22111 standard is a food safety management system standard formulated by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) which is suitable for auditing. This standard further establishes the role of HACCP in the food safety management system,

integrates the standards and technical regulations on food quality, hygiene and safety adopted by all countries in the world, provides an international standard for the food safety management system, and embodies the new concept and

new model of food safety management from farmland to table supervision.

(1) Extending and expanding the scope of food safety management system

ISO22111 standard requires organizations to first recognize their role and position in the food chain, and realize that food safety hazards may be introduced into the food chain at any stage, so they should

fully control the whole food chain to ensure effective communication within the food chain, so as to supply the final consumers with safe food. This will help the school canteen to re-examine the scope of food safety management, and expand its control over the operation process of the canteen to include < P > food acceptance, processing and sale, raw materials provided by suppliers and other aspects, especially paying attention to the food safety management of upstream organizations (suppliers).

(II) Meeting the requirements of laws and regulations is the premise of establishing a food safety management system

ISO22111 takes meeting the requirements of laws and regulations as the premise of a food safety management system, and requires organizations to integrate all relevant laws and regulations applicable to food safety into the food safety management system.

on the one hand, it is required to be consistent with the laws and regulations on the safe use of food in terms of providing safe end products, and the top management of the organization should ensure that the food safety policy meets the food safety requirements agreed with customers and the requirements of laws and regulations

; On the other hand, the organization is required to meet the requirements of laws and regulations in internal and external communication, selection and design of premise scheme, description of product characteristics, hazard identification, establishment of traceability system, relevant clinical observation and measuring devices. This will help school canteens to establish a more perfect food safety management system, change the arbitrariness of food safety management standards in some school canteens, and to some extent, there are conflicts or inconsistencies with the national laws and regulations.

(3) Mutual communication is the key principle of food safety management system

It is pointed out in ISO22111 standard that mutual communication is the key principle of food safety management

system, and the requirements of internal and external communication are defined. The communication scope includes not only internal communication of the organization, communication with customers, but also communication with its upstream and downstream organizations in the food chain, and communication with food

management authorities and influences. In addition, the organization is required to ensure that the personnel who affect food safety are aware of the necessity of effective internal and external communication

, ensure that the food safety team can obtain the changed information in time, and take the communication of internal and external information as the input for updating the food safety management system. This will help to improve the importance of internal and external communication in school canteens and expand the scope and content of internal and external communication.

(4) Risk control is an important embodiment of the food safety management system

ISO22111 standard stipulates "emergency preparedness and response", requiring top managers to consider potential emergencies and accidents that can affect the organization's food safety umbrella and show how to manage them, and requiring organizations to identify potential accidents (incidents) and emergencies. Such as fire, flood, terrorist activities, man-made destruction (such as poisoning), energy failure (such as power failure), environmental pollution, food poisoning and food safety incidents, the emergence of new hazards or the identification of commercial risks, the organization should plan emergency preparedness and response measures,

including human resources, infrastructure and response procedures.

the risk control of the standard is also reflected in the requirements for the recall of defective products, which requires to ensure that the final products of the affected batches that have been determined to be unsafe can be recalled in time and completely after delivery. This has changed the traditional food safety management in school canteens, paying more attention to pre-control and in-process control, but lacking understanding and control of emergencies such as food safety accidents and their emergency treatment.

(5) Classification control of hazards is the key to food safety management system

IS122111 standard points out in its introduction that hazard analysis is the key to an effective food safety management system. According to the standard, raw materials and final products are described by compiling the processing flow chart, and all possible potential hazards in the whole process from raw material acceptance to consumer use are analyzed and determined, and then classified into significant hazards and non-significant hazards according to the severity, frequency and possibility of hazards. Significant hazards that cannot be eliminated or reduced to an acceptable level through this process or subsequent processes are identified as critical control points, and they are controlled by making HACCP plans to eliminate < P > or reduce the hazards to an acceptable level.

ISO22111 standard puts forward the concept of "premise scheme", which replaces the traditional concepts of GMP and SSOP.

"Preconditions" include infrastructure, maintenance scheme and operational preconditions, which are mainly used to standardize and control products and product processing environment and control the possibility of pollution or diffusion of hazards in products and product processing environment. Because

school canteens are mostly operated by hand, many hazards occur in manual operation processes, which highlights the importance of controlling hazards with premise schemes

(6) System management and process control are the principles of food safety management system

Process control, system management and continuous improvement are the core contents of modern management theory. In the ISO22111 standard, it is required to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization, including all activities to improve the safety features of products and the effectiveness and efficiency of processes. Through measuring and analyzing the current situation, establishing goals, finding solutions, implementing solutions, measuring the implementation results, and directly including them in documents, the continuous PDCA (planning, implementation, inspection and improvement) cycle is implemented. The methods of system management and process control in ISO22111 standard are mainly embodied in the food safety goal-oriented, process identification and hazard analysis, and continuous improvement through system implementation < P >, operation and system monitoring and measurement.

second, the application of ISO22111 standard in the food safety management system of school canteens

because of the characteristics of iso 122111 standard, it plays a very important role in systematically improving the food safety management system of school canteens and helps schools and health administrative departments to strengthen food safety control. As the administrative department of schools and health, we should actively guide the school canteens to actively introduce and implement ISO22111 standards, and establish a food safety management system that conforms to the reality and characteristics of school canteens.

(a) fully understand the importance and necessity of strengthening food safety management in school canteens

We believe that it is important and necessary to strengthen food safety management in school canteens at present.

1. The school canteen is a high-risk place for food safety

The school canteen is an important part of school teaching, scientific research and life, and undertakes the important task of providing food security for teachers and students. The school canteen is a labor-intensive service industry, and its processing service mode determines that the school canteen is a high-risk place for food safety, and the processed catering food is a high-risk product. From the workflow of the school canteen, there are many security risks, such as unqualified raw materials provided by suppliers, "three noes" products purchased by purchasers, corrupt and deteriorated raw materials accepted by inspectors < P >, temperature and time not strictly controlled during the processing of high-risk food, and incomplete tableware washing. In particular, the school canteen is located in the downstream of the food chain, and the food < P > pollution incidents of upstream products usually affect the school canteen. A little carelessness may lead to food poisoning.

2. The food safety management in school canteens is very weak

Undoubtedly, under the situation that China's education system has been constantly adjusted and improved and the logistics socialization reform has been deepened, the school has invested a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources in the renovation of school canteens from hardware facilities to software construction. However, the facilities < P > in many school canteens are still very old and do not meet the requirements of food hygiene and safety. The food safety awareness of employees in some schools and school canteens is still very weak, and the original food safety concept and food safety measures and methods can no longer meet the actual needs. Some school canteens regard profitability as the only day of operation, ignoring the management of health and safety.

In addition, the current socialization reform of logistics in colleges and universities has also encountered policy and institutional difficulties, which makes the socialization reform of logistics lack the pressure and motivation to promote the in-depth development of the reform, among which the school's unlimited responsibility is its "bottleneck".

If we can take the establishment of an effective food safety management system as the threshold to avoid risks or reduce food safety accidents during the system reform of school canteens, it will be an important means to reduce the responsibility of schools. This is also helpful to solve the bottleneck phenomenon in the socialization reform of logistics in colleges and universities to some extent, and promote the deepening and development of the socialization reform of logistics in colleges and universities.

(2) How to promote the introduction and implementation of ISO22111 standards in school canteens

1. Taking the introduction and implementation of ISO22111 standards as an important measure to implement the food safety responsibility system in school canteens

In the process of China's reform and opening up and international integration, many enterprises, especially manufacturing enterprises, have gradually achieved success in management, service and product quality after introducing some international standards and obtaining international certification. Some employees in school canteens with strong sensitivity are also thinking about and trying to introduce ISO9111, HACCP and other standard systems, so as to realize the urgently needed changes in the external pressure and internal driving force brought about by the socialization of university logistics.

However, many control departments as university canteens know nothing about introducing the standard system. Even if a school knows about it, it just does "sit on the sidelines". What's more, it thinks that introducing these standard systems is "wasting life and hurting money", and it is useless to do it. Instead, it has taken some obstructive measures.

Therefore, school administrators should change their ideas and actively promote the introduction of ISO2211 standard system into school canteens. On the one hand, they should be familiar with and master the standard as soon as possible. On the other hand, they should fully realize the importance of introducing this standard to strengthen the health and safety management of canteens, avoid risks or reduce food safety accidents, and ensure the safety of teachers and students. On the other hand, they should realize that once a systematic and perfect food safety management system is established in canteens, it will help to reduce the risk of eating.

2. government departments should take incentive measures to strengthen the publicity and guidance of school canteens

At present, some schools have entrusted their canteens to relevant institutions or individuals, who are responsible for their operation. This will certainly reduce the cost of the school's investment in the canteen or bring some income to the school, but it also contains great risks, mainly reflected in the fact that the institutions or individuals who go to operate are very clear-cut, that is, pursuing profits, so they may sacrifice food safety such as hygiene in the course of operation. In addition, because some employees in the canteens of < P > schools think that the "international standard system" is either "abstruse and difficult to understand" or "showy", they hold a wait-and-see attitude towards the introduction of the international standard system.

this

requires the relevant government departments (mainly the health administrative departments) to take incentive measures to do a good job of propaganda in the process of guiding school canteens to introduce the ISO22111 standard system. On the one hand, we can actively publicize the benefits that the introduction of this standard and the establishment of a food safety management system can bring to the canteen. On the one hand, we should consider whether to introduce the ISO22111 standard system and establish a food safety management system as whether we have the qualifications for operating or hosting school canteens. On the other hand, we should consider the introduction. According to ISO22111 standards, canteens that establish a food safety management system will be given certain material or spiritual rewards.