(A) the state of environmental pollution

Length atmosphere

1992 national exhaust emissions105,000 TEU (excluding township industries, the same below). The emission of smoke and dust in the waste gas is1110000 tons, an increase of 7.6% over the previous year; Sulfur dioxide emissions16.85 million tons, an increase of 3.9% over the previous year; Industrial dust emissions were 5.76 million tons, down 0.5% from the previous year.

The annual and daily average values of total suspended particulate matter in urban air in China are 90 ~ 663 μ g/m3, while those in northern cities are 403 μ g/m3, which is 6. 1% lower than the previous year. The average in southern cities was 243 μ g/m3, an increase of 8% over the previous year. According to the statistics of 67 cities, 5 1% cities exceeded the annual average level, especially Jilin, Jinan, Taiyuan, Lanzhou, Baotou, Yan 'an and Xi 'an.

According to the statistics of 66 cities, the average value in the first half of the month was 3.8-55.8 tons/km2, slightly higher than that in the previous year. For example, cities are obviously heavier than southern cities. Cities with an average annual dust fall of more than 30 tons/km2 include Sanming, Anshan, Changchun, Datong, Shijiazhuang, Harbin, Yinchuan, Jilin, Hegang, Shenyang, Lanzhou and Tangshan.

According to the statistics of 72 cities, the annual average daily value of sulfur dioxide is between 7 and 63 μ g/m3, with the average value of 97 μ g/m3 in northern cities and 90 μ g/m3 in southern cities, slightly higher than last year. Cities that exceed the national third-class standards include Guiyang, Chongqing, Taiyuan, Urumqi, Yibin, Nanchong, Jinan, Shizuishan, Qingdao, Tianjin, Changsha and Datong.

According to the statistics of 72 cities, the annual daily average value of nitrogen oxides ranges from l 1 ~ 129 μ g/m3, with the average value of 56 μ g/m3 in northern cities and 40 μ g/m3 in southern cities, which is basically the same as last year. The pollution in Changchun, Jinan and Yuncheng has obviously increased, and Lanzhou, Baoji and Nanchong have improved.

In 2000, acid rain was still confined to local areas. According to the statistics of 58 cities, the annual average precipitation pH value is between 3.85 and 7.43, and 52% is below 5.6, all of which are southern cities. The frequency of acid rain in Ganzhou, Changsha and Xiamen exceeds 90%, and that in Nanchong, Yichang, Nanchang, Huaihua, Baise, Nanjing, Chongqing and Guangzhou exceeds 70%.

In 2000, after the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the government of China attached great importance to its international obligations and made efforts to promote domestic environmental protection. With the approval of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the general offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council forwarded the reports of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the State Environmental Protection Bureau on their participation in the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development and related countermeasures, and put forward ten countermeasures in the field of environment and development in China. This is a programmatic document of environmental protection work in China, which is not only of practical guiding significance, but also the focus and direction of work for a long time to come.

Significant progress has been made in the construction of environmental legal system. The State Council promulgated the Regulations on the Protection of Terrestrial Wild Animals in People's Republic of China (PRC), the Regulations on Urban Greening and the Environmental Policy for the Disposal of Low-and Medium-level Radioactive Wastes in China, approved the pilot scheme of collecting sulfur dioxide pollution charges for industrial coal burning, forwarded the Notice of the Ministry of Forestry on the report on the current situation of deforestation and hunting and comprehensive control measures, and issued and fully implemented the Regulations on the Administration of Declaration and Registration of Discharge Pollutants. The State Environmental Protection Bureau has also formulated regulations and measures on environmental administrative punishment, prevention and control of tailings pollution, prevention and control of chromium compound pollution, and signs of environmental supervision and law enforcement. Local legislation has been continuously strengthened, and Shandong, Hunan, Chongqing, Wuhan, Dalian and other provinces and cities have formulated environmental law enforcement procedures. The State Environmental Protection Bureau launched the first national inspection of environmental protection system law enforcement.

The development history of human energy utilization

Investigation report on energy utilization and environmental pollution

Team members:

The origin of the theme:

At present, there is little energy supply in the world, and we must develop new energy before it runs out, so we need to know the history of energy development so that we can find new energy. Besides, this alone is not enough. If the energy pollution is too serious, I'm afraid the earth will be an asshole before the energy runs out. So we should protect energy while developing new energy. Because of this, we chose this topic.

The research content of this topic:

First, what is energy?

The word "energy" was rarely mentioned in the past, and it was the two oil crises that made it a hot topic of discussion. So what is "energy"? At present, there are about 20 definitions of energy. For example, the Encyclopedia of Science and Technology says: "Energy is a kind of resource, from which energy such as heat, light and power can be obtained"; The Encyclopedia Britannica said: "Energy is a term, which includes all fuels, running water, sunshine and wind, and human beings can use it to provide the energy they need by appropriate means of transformation"; "Encyclopedia of Japan" said: "In all kinds of production activities, we use heat energy, mechanical energy, light energy, electric energy and so on. The work done can be used as various carriers in nature as the source of these energies, which is called energy "; China's Encyclopedia of Energy said: "Energy is an energy carrier resource that can provide any form of energy needed by human beings directly or through conversion, such as light, heat and power." It can be seen that energy is various forms of energy sources, which can be converted to each other. To be precise and simple, energy is a material resource that can provide some form of energy for human beings in nature.

Second, the classification of energy and its advantages and disadvantages

The first category is energy related to the sun. Solar energy is not only the direct use of light and heat, but also the main source of all kinds of energy on the earth. At present, most of the energy needed by human beings comes directly or indirectly from the sun.

The second category is energy related to the heat energy in the earth. The earth is a huge thermal reservoir. From the ground down, the temperature increases with the increase of depth.

The third category is energy related to nuclear reactions. This is the energy released by some substances during nuclear reaction. Nuclear reaction mainly includes fission reaction and fusion reaction.

The fourth category is the energy related to the interconnection of the earth, the moon and the sun. The regular movement between the earth, the moon and the sun makes their relative positions change periodically, and the gravitational force between them makes the seawater fluctuate, forming tidal energy.

Third, the stage of human energy utilization and development.

Small hydropower: There are abundant small hydropower resources in the west of China. According to the latest review results of hydropower resources, the technical exploitable capacity of small hydropower resources in China is 654.38+0.25 billion kilowatts. At present, the development of small hydropower in China is about 20%. It is estimated that by 2030, the development of small hydropower resources in China will be completed, with an installed capacity of 654.38+0 billion kilowatts.

Solar energy resources: The utilization of solar energy resources in China is mainly used for hot water supply for urban and rural residents. At present, there are more than 50 million square meters of solar water heaters, which can reach 200 million square meters and 500 million square meters in 2020 and 2050 respectively, which can replace 654.38+02 billion kWh and 300 billion kWh respectively, and replace 80 million kilowatts and 200 million kilowatts of peak-shaving power.

Biomass energy: Biomass energy in China mainly includes agricultural wastes, forest and forest product residues, and municipal solid wastes. Agricultural waste resources are widely distributed, in which the annual output of crop straw exceeds 600 million tons, and agricultural product processing and animal husbandry waste can theoretically produce nearly 80 billion cubic meters of biogas.

4. What environmental pollution is caused by energy utilization?

The proven oil reserves in northern Shaanxi are 1 1 100 million tons, which is an important energy base in China, and Shaanxi Province has also become one of the provinces with the fastest growth in crude oil production. With the development of oil resources in northern Shaanxi, environmental pollution and ecological damage caused by oil exploitation, transportation, processing and sales are becoming increasingly serious. Since 2000, there have been 5 1 environmental pollution accidents caused by corrosion, perforation and fracture of oil pipelines in northern Shaanxi.

Five, the serious impact of pollution on human life

Villagers in yangqiao Village, Guhe Town, Funing County, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, have a pesticide plant and two chemical plants, which smell strange all day. Well water can't be drunk, and tap water smells of pesticides. In the past three years, drinking stinking river water and smelling pungent pesticide smell, more than 20 villagers in the village have died of cancer. This year, nearly 65,438+00 people have been diagnosed with cancer and are currently being treated in hospitals. Five groups, six groups and seven groups in the villages near pesticide plant and the chemical plant died of cancer, accounting for 70% of the natural deaths of these three groups in the past three years ... The Huaihe River, which was once blue and clear, has now become a place where fish and shrimp are peerless. Kuihe River is an important tributary of Huaihe River, and Yangzhuang Township, Suzhou City, Anhui Province is the biggest victim of pollution. In March this year, Yangzhuang Township Health and Epidemic Prevention Station investigated the people who died of cancer in the township for five years. As a result, the number of people suffering from various digestive tract diseases and cancers in 16 administrative village near Kuihe River was significantly higher than that in other villages. In the past three years, the number of people who died of cancer in Yangzhuang Township reached13 ... March 18, and there were more than 30 people in the lobby of the outpatient building of Chaoyang Hospital. These villagers said that they are the parents of their children, and all the children go to school in their village primary school. On March 15, many pupils were suddenly "poisoned" at school, ranging from coma, foaming at the mouth to headache. These parents suspect that the lead-zinc factory near the village primary school is the "culprit" of the child's "poisoning" ...

Intransitive verbs discover the phenomenon of energy pollution around us. In Wangcang Village, Guo Qi Township, Yanchang County, although several days have passed since the oil spill, we can still see that many kinds of fields with crops still have traces of being soaked in oil. Many corn seedlings have turned gray-black because of oil immersion, and several villagers in the field are digging up the polluted soil layer with shovels. According to villagers, on May 30th, a rainstorm swept through Yanchang County. After the heavy rain, more than 30 acres of fields in the village were polluted by oil mixed with rainwater, and many crops died. The villagers followed the watermark and found that it was originally caused by oil leakage from an oil selection point in Qilicun oil mine next to the village. As for how deep the pollution is, the villagers have different opinions, and some say that the land can't grow crops for a year or two; Others say the pollution is not serious. A villager surnamed Li said that due to the poor sewage facilities at the oil selection point, whenever it rains, a small amount of oil will flow into the field with the rain, but "this time it has never been so serious".

Seven, the specific measures to prevent and control the resulting environmental pollution.

Accelerate the pace of pollution control, accelerate the construction of sewage treatment facilities, and increase the ecological protection and construction of river basins. Gansu Provincial Environmental Protection Department said that in addition to speeding up the pace of treatment of key pollution sources, it will also speed up the construction of urban domestic sewage treatment projects and supporting pipe networks to ensure that three sewage treatment plants in Qilihe-Anning, Baiyin and Linxia will be completed and put into operation this year; At the same time, strengthen the centralized treatment and management of urban garbage along the Yellow River, solve the safety hidden danger of Lanzhou oil pollution main pipeline as soon as possible, and ensure the safety of the city; During the year, sewage from state-owned enterprises such as 47 1 Factory and 504 Factory will be connected to the drainage pipeline of Xixin Line; Strengthen the ecological protection and construction of the river basin, scientifically allocate the water quantity of the Yellow River, and ensure the dilution and self-purification ability of the Yellow River; Build an automatic water quality monitoring information network system to improve the level of environmental supervision.

"2005 National Investigation Report on Indoor Environmental Pollution of Urban Family Decoration" and "At Your Service" 2005 National Investigation Report on Urban Family Decoration Pollution.

Source: CCTV.com.

During the period of "I love home decoration and environmental protection", CCTV's "At Your Service" column organized the "First National Indoor Environmental Pollution Survey of Urban Family Decoration", which was completed from July 2005 to June 2005. And sort out the "2005 National Investigation Report on Indoor Environmental Pollution of Urban Family Decoration".

According to the test data reported by cities, the summary analysis shows that indoor air pollution caused by home decoration is more serious. According to GB 50325-200 1 issued jointly by the Ministry of Construction and the State Administration of Quality Supervision on October 26th, 68% of the indoor air formaldehyde concentration in this test exceeded the limit specified in the specification. The pollution of benzene and TVOC is not as serious as that of formaldehyde, with benzene exceeding the standard 1 1% and TVOC exceeding the standard by 38%. According to the comprehensive index of three pollutants, 34% of households have good indoor air quality and 66% have pollution. Among them, 30% households are seriously polluted, which should attract the attention of relevant departments in China.