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Accounting, how to close the books manually?
The so-called closure, is a certain period (monthly, quarterly, yearly) occurred in the economic business all registered in the accounts, calculate and record a variety of books of the current period of occurrence and the closing balance, trial balance, and carry forward to the next period or the next year's books of a method of account processing.

The cashier will be all the funds occurred in the period of receipt and payment of business into the accounts and confirmed by the reconciliation of the total amount of cash and bank deposits in the period of the total income, total expenditure and ending balance, in order to understand the unit in the accounting period of all the receipt and payment of monetary funds and the end of the balance of the situation for the preparation of the accounting statements to provide a basis. Before closing the accounts, the cashier should first identify the accounting period (the day, the month, the quarter, the year) occurred in all the money received and paid business have been obtained original documents, whether they have been prepared to receive and pay vouchers and have been recorded in the accounts, whether the evidence, the accounts, the accounts are consistent with the accounts, for the reconciliation of the process found in a variety of problems should be dealt with in a timely manner to resolve before closing the accounts. Closing time is mainly daily, monthly, yearly, and so on.

(1) daily closing.

The end of the daily business, the cashier pen by pen, sequential registration of the cash journal and bank deposit journal, should be closed out the balance of the day, the cash journal balance should be reconciled with the cash on hand on the day.

(2) monthly closing.

For the month-end, should be in the accounts of the last record below a thick red line through the column that the end of the month's business, in the red line under the settlement of the current month's incidence and the end of the month balance, such as no balance, it should be in the "debit" or "credit" columns indicate that The word "flat" should be indicated in the "debit" or "credit" column and "0" or "√" symbol should be filled in the balance column, and the summary column should be labeled with "Total for the month" or "Monthly total". "or" the month of the occurrence and balance "and then below a red line through the column, indicating the completion of the month-end work.

(3) Quarterly and annual closure.

For quarterly or annual closure of accounts, should be at the end of the quarter or year-end month under the month-end number, the settlement of the quarter or year totals and quarter-end balances, and in the summary column write "the quarter or year totals" or "x quarter or annual incurred amounts and balances". If it is a quarterly balance, draw a red line through the column above and below it; if it is a year-end balance, introduce the year-end debit (or credit) balance into the credit (or debit) column on the next line and state "year-end balance" in the summary column, introduce the year-end debit (or credit) balance into the credit or debit column on the next line and state "carry forward to the next year" in the summary column. "Carry forward to the next year", and finally add the total of the respective totals of debits and credits (debits and credits should be balanced), and then in the totals under the two red lines through the column to indicate the closure of the accounts.

(4) replace the new books.

In the annual change of books, should be at the same time in the next year in the new account of the corresponding account of the first page of the first line marked "carry-over from the previous year" or "balance at the beginning of the year", and will be the previous year's balance at the end of the year is directly recorded in the new account of the " Balance" column, while indicating the direction of the balance, the old and new accounts related to the transfer of the balance between the accounts, no longer prepare journal vouchers.