Is there smog in the countryside?

Country smog

Expert: Now farmers in the north have changed to burning coal to cook and keep warm. The original crop stalks, as well as weeds and leaves in the field, were burned on the spot. This kind of combustion produces much more particles than the kitchen. This is the main reason why smog is getting more and more serious.

Haze is the most frequently heard word recently, and the air quality index of every city is ridiculously high. However, experts have not been able to figure out the cause of smog, saying that it is caused by burning straw in rural areas, which is somewhat far-fetched. What's the use of GDP growth when environmental pollution reaches this level? I suddenly remembered a western proverb: no drop of rain will think it caused a flood. If the authorities can try their best to contain it, the people can start from their own bits and pieces, and we can all have a blue sky.

I think burning straw in rural areas is the same as burning leaves in our city, and it has nothing to do with smog. Because smog mainly comes from industrial pollution. The smoke produced by burning straw and leaves is completely different from that produced by industry. The former does little harm to the body, while the latter will cause fatal injury.

The cause of smog is 1, the smoke emitted by the factory. 2, automobile exhaust, because the fuel purification standard is not at the highest point. 3. Construction dust. 4. The coverage rate of woody plants is too low. Most of the roofs of modern buildings are trough roofs, which are easy to accumulate dust, far less than spires. Burning straw is local and temporary, and it can't be smog. However, it has contributed to the smog.

There are several reasons for the smog weather. 1.？ The main factor when the atmospheric pressure is low and the air does not flow. Because the air does not flow, the tiny particles in the air gather together and float in the air. 2.？ The ground is dusty and the air humidity is low. People and vehicles on the ground stir up dust. 3.？ Automobile exhaust is the main pollutant emission. In recent years, there are more and more cars in cities, and automobile exhaust emissions are a factor of smog. 4.？ Secondary pollution produced by factories. 5.？ CO2 and other pollutants emitted by heating in winter.

Brief introduction of smog

doubt

Haze is a general term for fog and haze. Haze is a weather phenomenon, also known as haze, which refers to a large number of extremely fine dry dust particles such as dust, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, organic hydrocarbons, etc. floating in the air evenly, which makes the air turbid, blurs the vision and deteriorates the visibility. If the horizontal visibility is less than 65,438+00,000 meters, the visual field obstacle caused by this non-aqueous aerosol system is called haze or haze. When water vapor condensation intensifies and air humidity increases, haze will turn into fog. Because of the deterioration of air quality, the phenomenon of smog weather has increased and the harm has increased. In many areas of our country, the smog weather phenomenon is combined with fog as an early warning and forecast of disastrous weather. Collectively referred to as "haze weather". 20 13, 13 On February 9th, a rare large-scale smog enveloped China. More than 25 provinces and 100 large and medium-sized cities have experienced haze weather to varying degrees, covering nearly half of China.

Haze is also called haze. Particles such as dust, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and organic hydrocarbons in the air can also make the atmosphere turbid, blur the vision and worsen the visibility. If the horizontal visibility is less than 65,438+00,000 meters, the visual distance obstacle caused by the aerosol system composed of non-aquatic products is called haze or dust haze, and the Hong Kong Observatory calls it haze.

ingredient

Haze, fog, haze. But fog is fog, haze is haze, and the difference between fog and haze is very big.

Haze means haze (haze)

Haze is caused by dust, sulfuric acid and nitric acid in the air. The difference between haze and fog is that the relative humidity is small when haze occurs, but it is saturated in fog (if there are a large number of condensation nuclei, the relative humidity may not reach 100%, and saturation may occur).

First, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and inhalable particles are the main components of smog. The first two are gaseous pollutants, and the last particulate matter is the chief culprit that aggravates smog weather pollution. They combine with fog and instantly turn the sky gray. The abbreviation of particulate matter is PM, and what Beijing monitors is fine particulate matter (PM2.5), that is, pollutant particles with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns. This particle itself is not only a pollutant, but also a carrier of toxic substances such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Second, the sources of toxic particulate matter in cities: First, automobile exhaust. Cars that use diesel are "habitual criminals" who emit particles. Small cars that use gasoline emit gaseous pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides, which are easily converted into secondary particulate pollutants in foggy days, aggravating smog.

Fog is an aerosol system composed of a large number of tiny water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air near the ground, which often appears in autumn and winter (which is also one of the reasons for the large-scale haze weather in China in June 20 13), and is the product of water vapor condensation (or condensation) in the air near the ground. The existence of fog will reduce air transparency and worsen visibility. If the horizontal visibility of the target drops below 1000 meters, the weather phenomenon of water vapor condensation (or condensation) suspended in the air near the ground is called fog. The phenomenon that the horizontal visibility of the target is 1000- 10000 meters is called light fog or mist. When fog is formed, the atmospheric humidity should be saturated (if there are a large number of condensation nuclei, the relative humidity may not reach 100%, and saturation may occur). Because the light scattered by fog composed of liquid water or ice crystals has little to do with wavelength, the fog looks milky white or bluish white and gray.

Haze is composed of particles such as dust, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and organic hydrocarbons in the air. It will also make the atmosphere turbid, blur the vision and worsen the visibility. If the horizontal visibility is less than 65,438+00,000 meters, the sight distance obstacle caused by this non-aqueous aerosol system is called haze or dust haze, and the Hong Kong Observatory calls it haze.

Haze weather Haze weather hazards How to protect haze weather?

After two days of rain, the air in Zhengzhou has not been purified. The smog weather in the past few days not only affects traffic, but also harms the health of citizens. In the Department of Respiratory Medicine of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and Pediatrics of Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the number of patients with respiratory diseases has increased significantly. The doctor advised citizens to go out as little as possible in foggy days.

The smog weather in Zhengzhou has aggravated people's concerns about urban air quality, and PM2.5 "ultrafine dust" related to the amount of inhalable particles in urban air has once again become a hot topic. In this "fog-like, rain-like, haze-like" environment, many people joked that "the air is dangerous, so be careful when breathing".

Wear a mask in foggy days, don't do morning exercises, and wash your nose, mouth and hands frequently.

Hazy weather What is foggy weather?

With the deterioration of air quality, cloudy days are increasing and the harm is increasing. Recently, many areas in China have incorporated the smog weather phenomenon into the fog as an early warning and forecast of disastrous weather. Collectively referred to as "haze weather". These "ultrafine dust" mainly come from motor vehicle exhaust dust, fuel dust, sulfate, cooking fume dust, building cement dust, coal dust and nitrate. It is an important part of harmful fine particles in smog. Haze weather is harmful to human body: In foggy climate, inflammation such as pharyngolaryngitis, tracheitis and conjunctivitis is easy to occur, and some pathogens in fog can also cause headaches and even induce diseases such as hypertension and cerebral hemorrhage.

Haze weather hazard

Haze weather mainly has the following hazards: First, it affects health. The composition of smog is very complex, including hundreds of atmospheric chemical particles. Among them, aerosol particles with a diameter less than 10 micron are harmful to health, such as mineral particles, sea salt, sulfate, nitrate, organic aerosol particles, fuel and automobile exhaust, which can directly enter and adhere to human respiratory tract and lung lobes. In particular, submicron particles will be deposited in the upper and lower respiratory tract and alveoli respectively, causing rhinitis, bronchitis and other diseases, and long-term exposure to this environment will also induce lung cancer. Hazy weather will also lead to the weakening of ultraviolet rays in the near-surface layer, which is easy to enhance the activity of infectious bacteria in the air and increase infectious diseases.

Second, it affects mental health. Gloomy haze weather can easily lead to pessimism, make people depressed, and even get out of control when things are not going well.

The third is to affect traffic safety. In foggy weather, the visibility of the visual field is low and the air quality is poor, which is easy to cause traffic jams and traffic accidents.

Matters needing attention

1, open the window less in foggy days.

It is not recommended to open the window for ventilation in the morning and evening in foggy weather. It's best to wait until the sun comes out before opening the window for ventilation.

Step 2 wear a mask when you go out

You can wear a mask when you go out, which can effectively prevent dust particles from entering the body. Cotton masks are the best because some people are allergic to non-woven fabrics, while cotton masks are generally not allergic and easy to clean. When you come back from going out, you should wash your face and expose your skin immediately.

3. Drink more "lung-clearing and dust-removing" teas such as Tongplatycodon grandiflorum tea, Tongshen tea, Tongplatycodon grandiflorum granules and orange stalk soup.

Tongplatycodon grandiflorum tea has the functions of clearing fire and filtering lung dust, which can significantly enhance the ability of alveolar cells to expel toxic fine particles and effectively assist the human body to expel harmful substances such as PM2.5 particles accumulated in the body.

4, the right amount of vitamin D.

In winter, there is more fog and less sunshine. Due to insufficient ultraviolet radiation and insufficient vitamin D in the human body, some people will experience mental laziness and depression. If necessary, you can add some vitamin D.

5. Eat lightly and drink plenty of water

The diet in foggy days should choose light and digestible foods rich in vitamins, drink plenty of water and eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, which can not only supplement various vitamins and inorganic salts, but also play a role in moistening the lungs, resolving phlegm, relieving cough, strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney. Eat less irritating food and eat more pears, loquats, oranges, oranges and other foods.

6. It is best not to go out and do morning exercises.

Smog weather is a "health killer" for patients with cardiovascular diseases, especially the elderly with respiratory diseases and cardiovascular diseases. It is best not to go out in foggy days, and it is not suitable for morning exercise, otherwise it may induce diseases and even heart attacks, which may be life-threatening. Experts pointed out that foggy days are the "dangerous period" for patients with cardiovascular diseases because foggy days are depressed and the oxygen content in the air drops, which makes people feel chest tightness easily. The wet and cold fog in the morning can also cause cold stimulation, which can easily lead to vasospasm, blood pressure fluctuation and increased heart load. At the same time, some pathogens in fog can cause headaches and even induce diseases such as hypertension and cerebral hemorrhage. Therefore, people with cardiovascular diseases, especially the elderly and infirm, should not go out in foggy days, let alone do morning exercises in foggy days to avoid danger.

7. Deep cleaning

The skin on the surface of human body is in direct contact with the outside air, which is very vulnerable to smog weather. Especially in busy and noisy cities, in addition to dealing with the "muscles" of smog at any time, there are many suspended particles produced by construction, automobile exhaust, industrial fuel combustion, fireworks, candles, etc., which will inevitably block pores and form blackheads, resulting in skin problems such as pore blockage, keratin accumulation and skin peeling. Therefore, the primary measure for self-protection is to deeply clean the skin surface and clean pores.

Health maintenance

1, making cream

Although the ultraviolet rays are very weak when traveling, the cream comes in handy because of the smog. Be sure to apply the cream when traveling, and wash it off at noon before applying it, which can not only reduce the burden on the skin, but also effectively prevent the smog components from being absorbed by the skin.

2. Do more cleaning.

Because the pores on the skin surface are relatively small skin care windows, smog particles, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and other substances are close to the inside of the skin, which will cause the back of the skin to react to generate substances of different colors, and may also harm the skin from the depths. So be sure to clean more. Here, I remind everyone to do isolation after each cleaning.

3. Increase resistance

We can stop the solid particles on the skin surface, but sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide exist in the form of gas, and our skin pores are also part of oxygen supply and breathing, so it is difficult to stop them, but we will find that giving good nutrition to the skin will appropriately increase the skin's resistance, so that whatever substance can be packed and discharged from the skin (so it is very important to clean these days).

4. Replenish water and fight smog

Be sure to replenish water. Only by replenishing water can the sebum film on the skin surface effectively prevent various harmful environments to the skin. Therefore, replenish water and skin care after each cleaning, and then isolate it after simple completion (remember).

Dietary advice

Smog and dry weather can cause damage to the lungs. Proper adjustment of diet in winter can achieve the effects of clearing away lung heat, moistening lung and nourishing lung.

1, vitamin supplement

Eat more tofu and Sydney. Stewed lily in Sydney can achieve the effect of moistening lung and resisting virus. Lack of vitamin A will damage the function of respiratory epithelial cells and immunoglobulin, and easily cause respiratory infection.

2, Qingfei food

Auricularia auricula can not only prevent cardiovascular diseases, but also clean the stomach. Tremella, lotus seeds, lilies, etc. Eating these foods in winter has the effects of clearing away lung heat, moistening lung and nourishing lung.

Step 3 eat more fungi

You can also cook pumpkin and Flammulina velutipes soup. Flammulina velutipes and pumpkin have anti-allergic effects.

4. Fruit

Eat more vegetables and fruits rich in vitamins and phytochemicals, such as grapes, oranges, purple cabbage, purple potatoes and tomatoes.