Management costs management costs are the expenses incurred by the company for the organization and management of production and operation, including the board of directors and administrative departments in the company's business management, or should be borne by the company's company funds (including the administrative department of the wages of employees, repairs, consumption of materials, amortization of low-value consumables, office expenses and travel expenses, etc.), labor union funds, unemployment insurance premiums, labor insurance premiums, board of directors fees, fees to hire intermediaries, consulting fees (including consultant fees), litigation costs, business hospitality, property taxes, and other expenses are not included in the subaccounts. insurance premiums, board of directors' fees, fees for hiring intermediaries, consulting fees (including consultants' fees), litigation fees, business entertainment expenses, property tax, vehicle and vessel use tax, land use tax, stamp duty, technology transfer fees, mineral resources compensation fees, amortization of intangible assets, employee education expenses, research and development expenses, sewage charges, inventory losses or surpluses (excluding losses of inventory that should be included in non-operating expenditures), provision for bad debts and provision for decline in value of inventory, etc. 1. provision for inventory decline, etc. 1. Wages: accounting for the wages of personnel in other management departments (i.e., personnel, technology, finance, purchasing, etc.) other than the production, quality control and marketing departments (the statistical caliber of the departments in the management expenses is the same as below except for special indications), as well as the expenses of the company's employees who resigned, dismissed, or left the company for other reasons that are more than the normal wages in the settlement of the wage bill. 2. Employee benefits: accounting for the entirety of the company's actual expenditures (the total amount does not exceed 14% of the total wages as stated above, and domestic enterprises are charged at 14%) related to canteens, wages for work-related injuries to be paid in accordance with the provisions of the employee injury at work, and other welfare expenditures (domestic enterprises are charged under the account of welfare expenses payable). Labor Union Funds and Employee Education Funds: Accounting for the actual expenses (the total amount does not exceed the expenses based on the total amount of all employees, labor union funds at 2%, employee education funds at 1.5%) allocated to the labor union organizations and for employee training and learning expenses. 3. Depreciation Expenses: Accounting for depreciation of fixed assets of the company's related management, which are accrued on a monthly basis. Fixed assets: refers to tangible assets held by the company for the production of goods, provision of services, rental or business management and with a useful life of more than one fiscal year. Including houses, buildings, machines, machinery, means of transportation and other equipment, apparatus and tools related to production and business activities. Depreciation: It refers to the systematic apportionment of the accrued depreciation amount over the useful life of a fixed asset in accordance with a determined method. The minimum years for calculating depreciation are as follows: buildings and structures, 20 years; airplanes, trains, ships, machines, machinery and other production equipment, 10 years; appliances, tools, furniture, etc. related to production and business activities, 5 years; means of transportation other than airplanes, trains and ships, 4 years; and electronic equipment, 3 years. Net residual value of the Company's fixed assets: 5% . Depreciation method of the Company's fixed assets: average annual life method. 4. Amortization of low-value consumables: Accounting for the amortization of low-value consumables related to the Company's management. Tools and instruments not managed as fixed assets, as well as packaging containers used for turnover in the course of production and operation, etc., are accounted for by the company as low-value consumables. 5. Office expenses: accounting for the company for office use, including computer diskettes, ribbons, accessories, office equipment accessories, etc.. Purchased copy paper, printing paper, fax paper and accounting department to buy and print the books, vouchers, statements of the cost, etc. 6, post and telecommunications costs: accounting for the company's fixed telephone charges, cell phone charges, postage, courier fees and Internet fees, etc. 7, utilities: accounting for office and living water, electricity costs. Can not be clearly divided into manufacturing costs. 8, vehicle costs: accounting for vehicle gasoline, road and bridge tolls, parking fees, road maintenance costs, vehicle maintenance costs and other costs for vehicles. 9, travel: accounting for the company's daily work needs (excluding the marketing department) out of the actual occurrence of the car, boat, plane, city transportation costs, meals, accommodation, accommodation subsidies, meal allowances, driver out of the car subsidies and unit of the approved travel costs. Approved travel package costs, etc. 10, technology development costs: accounting for the research and development of new products, new technologies, new techniques of the costs. Including new product design costs, process protocol development costs, equipment adjustment costs, raw materials and semi-finished products trial production costs, technical library fees, not included in the national plan of intermediate experimental costs, research institutions, salaries, depreciation of research equipment, trial production of new products and technical research related to other funds, commissioned by other units of scientific research and trial production costs to trial production failure loss, etc. 11, labor protection costs; accounting for management costs related to labor protection. Expenses related to labor protection of management personnel (see the definition of labor protection expenses in the detailed accounts of manufacturing expenses).12. Labor insurance premiums; accounting for all employees to pay for the comprehensive insurance of foreign personnel and the expenses of city insurance, town insurance and agricultural insurance of Shanghai household registration in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Shanghai Municipality, payment of pensions of retired employees (including the payment of the local co-ordinated pensions in accordance with the provisions of the Shanghai Municipal Pension Fund), price subsidies, medical fees (including Payment of retired employees' medical insurance premiums, relocation expenses, employee severance pay, wages of employees on sick leave for more than six months, funeral subsidies for employees' deaths, pension payments, and other expenses paid to retired employees in accordance with the regulations. Insurance costs (premiums) payable for the insurance of buildings, equipment and other assets used in another way to insurance institutions.13. Business hospitality: accounting for the company's entertainment expenses paid for the needs of business and operation, including catering, cigarettes, water, food, gifts, normal entertainment activities and other costs incurred expenses. Business entertainment expenses incurred by the company in connection with production and operation activities shall be deducted in accordance with 60% of the amount incurred, but the maximum shall not exceed 5 per cent of the current year's sales (operating) income.14. Repair Costs: Accounting for labor and material costs and maintenance costs incurred in repairing fixed assets, low-value consumables and other items of the relevant departments of the company.15. Taxes: Accounting for taxes charged to expenses, such as stamp duty, property tax, land-use tax and vehicle and vessel use tax, and so on. Intermediary (consulting) fees: Accounting for consulting fees (fees paid by the company to relevant consulting organizations for production technology, operation and management consulting or fees paid to enterprise economic consultants, legal advisors, technical consultants) and fees for hiring intermediaries (fees incurred by the company for hiring accounting firms for account checking, capital verification, asset evaluation, and clearing of accounts, etc.). 17. Leasing fees : Accounting for the rent paid by the relevant management departments of the Company for renting various assets for management purposes by means of operating leases, including office rental fees and living room rental fees. It does not include the leasing fees for fixed assets under finance leases.18. Board of Directors' Dues: Accounting for the allowances of board members, board meeting fees, and directors' travel expenses. Amortization of long-term amortized expenses: accounting for the amortization of start-up costs during the preparation period of the company (amortization of long-term amortized expenses of more than one year). 20. Others: accounting for administrative expenses not listed in the above. Operating expenses Operating expenses are the expenses incurred by the company in the process of selling goods, including transportation, loading and unloading, packaging, insurance, exhibition and advertising costs incurred in the process of selling goods, as well as for the sale of the enterprise's goods and dedicated sales organizations (including sales outlets, after-sales service outlets, etc.) of the wages and benefits of employees, expenses of a similar nature of the wage, business expenses and other operating expenses. 1, wages : To account for the wages and benefits of the employees of the marketing department, etc. 2. Transportation costs: To account for the costs of transportation, loading and unloading fees, wharfage and other costs incurred for the sale of goods.3. Packaging costs: To account for the costs of wooden crates, nails, packing tapes, wrapping paper and other costs incurred for the packaging of goods.4. Insurance: To account for the costs of insurance of goods.5. Exhibition costs: To account for the costs of participating in exhibitions for the sale of goods.6. Advertising costs: To account for the costs of product samples, Product promotional materials, product advertising and other costs. 7, customs clearance and commodity inspection fees: accounting for export commodities, customs clearance, commodity inspection costs and foreign exchange write-off costs. 8, travel costs: accounting for business purposes to go abroad for study tours, business trips, transportation, lodging, allowances, visa fees, and business trips to the domestic market. 9, after-sales service costs: accounting for the use of the company's products for the customers to carry out a series of services arising from the expenses. 10、Commissioned sales costs: mainly refers to commissioned sales fees paid by other units commissioned sales. 11、Incoming costs of goods circulation: reasonable losses in the process of importing goods and selection and finishing costs before warehousing, etc. 12、Others: for reference only