First, the concept of real estate

▲ The meaning of real estate

Real estate refers to land, buildings and their attachments on the ground, including material entities and rights relying on material entities.

Benefit. Also known as real estate, it is the floorboard of real estate and real estate, which are inseparable whole and inseparable. Including:

A) land

B) buildings and ancillary facilities on the ground

C) real estate property rights

Note: In addition to ownership, the real right of immovable property also includes lease right, mortgage right, land use right, easement right and mortgage right.

Be in power, etc.

▲ The difference between real estate and architecture.

The real estate industry refers to high-tech enterprises engaged in various economic activities such as real estate development, operation, management and maintenance, decoration and service.

Value-added comprehensive industries are both related and different from the construction industry. The construction industry is engaged in survey, design, construction and safety.

Installation, maintenance and other production processes, the production results are buildings or structures. The real estate industry is a contractor, and the construction industry is a contractor.

Party, real estate industry belongs to the tertiary industry that provides various services for production and consumption, and construction industry belongs to primary products.

The processing sector belongs to the secondary industry.

▲ The connection and difference between real estate and real estate.

Real estate refers to all kinds of houses with clear ownership relationship and the structures or buildings connected with them; Real estate refers to a pure land.

Rights land includes residential or non-residential attached land (as well as various parts) and developed and to be developed land.

Land. Real estate in China refers to limited land use rights. There is an objective and inevitable connection between real estate and real estate.

It should include several aspects:

A) In terms of material form, real estate and real estate are inseparable;

B) From the perspective of price composition, the real estate price includes the real estate price, whether it is the buying and selling price or the leasing price;

C) From the perspective of ownership relationship, real estate ownership and real estate ownership are linked.

The differences include several aspects:

A) They have different properties;

B) the law of value-added is different;

C) the nature of ownership is different;

D) the price composition is different.

Second, the characteristics of real estate

▲ Natural characteristics of real estate

A) position fixing;

B) Durability of use;

Limited resources;

D) property differences.

▲ Economic characteristics of real estate

A) production cycle

Capital intensity

C) mutual influence

D) vulnerable to policy restrictions

E) real estate appreciation.

Note: Real estate appreciation is the law that the real estate value keeps rising in a long time series. Mainly due to the house.

An important part of real estate-land.

Third, the type of real estate.

According to the purpose:

A) residential real estate

B) commercial real estate

C) tourism real estate

D) industrial real estate

E) agricultural real estate

Provisions on floor division of real estate houses:

Low-rise residence 1-3 floors.

Multi-storey houses are 4-6 floors.

7- 1 1 floor of small high-rise residential building.

The middle and high-rise residence is 12- 16 floors.

/kloc-The floors above 0/6 are high-rise residential buildings.

How is the service life of real estate land determined?

Where a land use agreement is signed with the Provincial Planning and Land Resources Bureau, the land use period shall conform to the provisions of the state.

All right. Namely: residential land for 70 years; Fifty years of industrial land; Fifty years of land for education, science and technology, culture, health and sports;

Forty years of commercial, tourism and entertainment land; Comprehensive land or other land for fifty years.

Three, the building structure classification standard

Class content

Number name

1 The main load-bearing structures of steel structures are made of steel, including suspended cable structures.

2. The main load-bearing structures of steel and reinforced concrete structures are constructed by pouring concrete, steel and steel bars. Consistent/consistent

Some beams and columns of this building are made of reinforced concrete frames.

3. The main load-bearing structure of reinforced concrete structure is made of reinforced concrete. Include a thin shell knot.

Structure, large formwork cast-in-place structure and reinforced concrete structure are constructed by advanced construction methods such as slip form and slab opening.

The main load-bearing structure of the hybrid structure adopts reinforced concrete and brick-wood structure. Like a house.

Beams are reinforced concrete, brick walls are load-bearing walls, or beams are made of wood, and houses are reinforced concrete.

The main load-bearing structures of brick-wood structure are brick and wood. For example, houses are made of wood.

House frame. Made of brick walls and wooden columns

Other structures, rooms that do not belong to the above structures all belong to this category. Such as bamboo structure, brick arch structure, kiln

Dongdeng

Fourth, real estate terminology

1, a common noun (the shaded part should be emphasized)

◆ Five certificates: a. Construction land planning permit; B construction project planning permit; C. construction project commencement certificate; D. state-owned land

Use certificate; E. Pre-sale permit for commercial housing;

◆ Two books: A "Residential Quality Guarantee" and B "Residential Instruction Manual";

◆ Real estate license: it is the certificate of the two-in-one ownership of the house and the land, and it is the legal certificate of the property ownership;

◆ Real estate market: mainly including real estate transaction and leasing market. Including primary market, secondary market and tertiary market;

◆ Primary market: refers to the land supply plan adopted by the national land management department by means of agreement, bidding and auction.

In the form of land use contract, the land use right is transferred to real estate at a certain price within a certain period of time and according to the specified purpose.

The market of exhibitors or other land users;

◆ Secondary market: refers to the real estate developers who use the completed houses together with the corresponding land according to the requirements of the land use contract.

The market where rights are transferred to units or individuals;

◆ Tertiary market: refers to the market where real estate property rights are transferred, mortgaged and leased between units and individuals, which is the basis of secondary market.

Real estate transactions in the market based on the second or multiple transfers;

◆ Real estate property right: refers to the property owner's ownership of the house and the right to use the land occupied by the house. The specific content is production.

Owners have the right to possess, use, benefit and dispose of real estate according to law;

◆ Land use right: refers to the owner's right to use the land, including development right, income right and disposal right.

The government will transfer the right to use state-owned land to land users within a certain period of time through auction, bidding and agreement. land

After the expiration of the right to use, if the land use meets the requirements of urban planning at that time, the land user can apply for renewal and get approval.

Can continue to use after clearing the land price;

◆ Three links and one leveling: refers to water supply, electricity supply, access and site leveling;

◆ Seven connections and one leveling: water connection, electricity connection, road connection, drainage connection, sewage connection, communication connection, air connection and site leveling;

Red line map: Also called (clan map), it is made according to a certain proportion to indicate the position, boundary and surface of a piece of land.

Topographic map of the product. Issued by the government land management department to the transferee of land use rights, and the transferee can only be within the red line.

Building houses that are being built internally;

◆ Total land area: the land area within the land area designated by the competent department of urban planning administration;

◆ Construction land area (net land area): the land area within the scope of construction land designated by the competent department of city planning administration.

Products;

◆ Total construction area: refers to the above-ground and above-ground construction area of single or multiple buildings within the scope of construction land.

And;

◆ Floor area ratio: refers to the ratio of the total construction area to the construction land area. (For example, there are 200,000 in 654.38 million square meters of land.

The total construction area is square meters, and the plot ratio is 2.0)

◆ Building area: refers to the sum of horizontal projection areas of the external wall or periphery of the building, including balconies, corridors, basements and outdoors.

Stairs, etc., permanent buildings with a top cover, firm structure and a height of 2.2 meters or more.

◆ Building coverage (building density): the ratio of the sum of the basement areas of all buildings within the construction land area to the construction land area.

Rate; (For example, on the land of 6,543,800 square meters, the net area of building land is 80,000 square meters, and its building coverage rate is 0.8.

Building density is 80% >)

◆ Greening rate: the ratio of the sum of all green areas in the construction land area to the construction land area. The calculation of green area does not include.

Including roofs, rooftops and vertical greening; (For example, 654.38+ 10,000 square meters of land has a green area of 30,000 square meters, which is green.

The ratio is 30%)

◆ Greening coverage rate: the ratio of the sum of the horizontal projection areas of all greening and plants within the construction land area to the construction land area;

◆ Housing sales area: When the house is sold as a suite (unit), the housing sales area is the building area of the suite (unit), that is,

Is the sum of the usable area of the suite (unit) and the shared public building area of the suite (unit);

◆ Interior construction area: the housing construction area calculated by the unit is the interior construction area of the unit, including suites (single suite).

Yuan) within the use area, wall area and balcony area;

◆ Interior usable area: refers to the actual indoor area, excluding the structural areas such as walls and columns, and the calculation of usable area.

Calculation should comply with the provisions:

A, the indoor usable area is calculated according to the size of the inner surface of the structural wall, and the wall has a composite thermal insulation layer.

Calculation of layer endothelial size;

B, chimneys, ventilation pipes, all kinds of pipe wells, etc. Not included in the use area;

C. Non-public stairs (including those of duplex rooms) are included in the sum of the usable area of natural floors.

Usable area;

D, residential use area includes: bedroom, living room, kitchen, bathroom, dining room, lobby, aisle and front.

Rooms, storerooms, etc.

Interior construction area coefficient = interior construction area/interior construction area+public construction area apportioned according to regulations.

◆ Public * * * construction area: the construction area jointly occupied or used by all property owners * * * refers to every household except each set (unit).

Same purpose, indivisible building area. Can be divided into public * * * construction area that should be shared and public * * * construction area that cannot be shared;

◆ Interior construction area: it is the balance after deducting the public construction area from the interior construction area;

◆ Floor height: The floor height refers to the height of the house measured by the "floor", and the height of each floor is required by China. this

This height is called the story height. It usually includes the distance from the lower floor or floor to the upper floor.

◆ Clear height: Clear height refers to the height minus the net residual value of floor thickness;

◆ Apportioned area: The shared public building area of commercial housing mainly consists of two parts:

Elevator shaft, stairwell, garbage chute, power distribution room, equipment room, public hall, aisle, etc. They serve the whole building functionally.

* * * Building area of buildings and management buildings;

The distance between each unit and the horizontal projection area of public building space and external walls (including gables) is 50%.

◆ Housing acquisition rate: refers to the ratio of the interior construction area to the construction team (unit) area.

Interior construction area = interior usable area+interior wall area+balcony construction area.

Suite (unit) construction area = indoor construction team area+shared area of public construction team.

◆ Road land: Road land refers to residential roads, residential district roads, group roads, and residential cars and single buildings equipped with non-public buildings.

Parking space for commuter cars.

◆ Road red line: The road red line refers to the planning control line of urban roads, including residential district-level road land.

◆ porch: the porch is the first place to enter the room. It is a buffer transition zone. The living room belongs to the family.

"Territory" pays attention to a certain degree of privacy. When the door opened, there was a porch, and outsiders couldn't see it at all. black

Guan is usually connected with the main hall. Because of their different functions, it is necessary to dispatch decorative means to divide them. Even if one of us goes home, we should have a piece of the action.

A place to store umbrellas, raincoats, shoes and bags. At ordinary times, the porch is also a place to receive emails and simply meet people.

◆ Faster housing refers to the period from the time when the developer obtains the pre-sale permit of commercial housing to the time when the property right certificate is obtained.

Commercial housing is called faster, and consumers should sign pre-sale contracts when buying commercial housing at this stage. It is called forward delivery in Hong Kong and Macau.

Buying "uncompleted residential flats" is a common way for real estate developers to sell houses. Buying an auction house is also a property buyer.

Purchase real estate projects that are still under construction.

◆ Xianfang refers to the commercial house for which the developer has completed the property ownership certificate (property right card). When consumers buy commercial housing at this stage,

A sales contract should be signed. The existing house in the usual sense refers to the house where the project has been completed and can be moved in.

◆ A blank house refers to a house without decoration.

◆ The owners' committee is composed of owners' representatives in the property management area, representing the interests of the owners and reflecting the owners to all sectors of society.

Will and requirements, and supervise the management and operation of property management companies. The power base of the industry Committee is its object.

On behalf of all owners of the property, the property owner has the right to decide all major issues related to the property.

◆ The function and construction grade of the clubhouse can be divided into basic type and super type, and the infrastructure provides the owners with the most basic healthy living needs.

Ask, can people use it for free? Super clubs charge a fee for using certain facilities. Ruoruo club 1

Pursuing high-grade taste without considering the ability and needs of the owners will inevitably exist in name only; If the property management fee is reduced, it will affect the housing.

Overall quality of production. The setting of the clubhouse should also consider the factors of the phased construction of the project. In principle, the club only serves the community owners.

Service, not open to the public, to ensure the privacy and safety of the owner's activities. As a place for leisure and fitness, the club also provides owners with

Provides a good social place.

◆ Occupation means that the owner gets the key and takes over the room.

The deed tax is collected together with the owner according to the contract concluded by both parties when the ownership of land and real estate is transferred.

A tax.

The scope and object of the taxpayer's deed tax are the land and houses whose property rights have changed. Transfer of land in China.

Units and individuals that undertake the ownership of houses are taxpayers of deed tax.

(1) Transfer of state-owned land use rights;

(two) the transfer of land use rights, including sale, gift and exchange;

(3) buying and selling houses;

(4) house donation.

2. Type of house

◆ Anjufang refers to the housing (which belongs to the category of affordable housing) built by the state's "housing (or housing) project". This is a party.

The construction of state-arranged loans and local self-raised funds is aimed at the majority of low-and middle-income families, especially those below 4 square meters.

Non-profit housing provided by poor households with a sales price below the cost and subsidized by the government.

◆ Affordable housing refers to affordable housing approved by people's governments at all levels, which enjoys preferential policies of the state and is provided for urban low-income families.

Houses sold by the court.

The right-to-use house refers to the house invested and built by the state and state-owned enterprises and institutions, and the rent paid by the government according to the prescribed rent standard.

Public housing rented to residents.

◆ Property right house refers to the property owner's ownership of the house (referring to the building) and the right to use the land occupied by the house.

Right, the property owner has these two rights. Right of use, right of income and right of disposal. This right is absolute and exclusive.

Property owners can be legally punished by means of transfer, lease, mortgage, pawn, etc., without interference and influence from anyone else.

Have real estate rights.

Commercial housing refers to houses developed and operated by qualified real estate development companies (including foreign-invested enterprises). because

China has been implementing the supply system in the housing system for a long time, so commercial housing only appeared after the 1980s. Its price

It consists of cost, tax, profit, collection fee, location, level, direction, quality and material price difference.

Raising funds to build a house is to change the system that housing construction is contracted by the state and units, and the government, units and individuals are jointly responsible.

Houses that raise funds to build houses. Individual employees can contribute in whole or in part according to house price, government and stage.

Relevant departments will give some preferential treatment in land use, credit, building materials supply, taxes and fees. Ownership of fund-raising housing, according to

The capital ratio is determined. Individuals who fully contribute according to the house price have all the property rights; If an individual contributes, he will own part of the property rights.

There are two kinds of property rights in raising funds to build houses; One is that the selling price of houses is higher than the cost price of housing reform in that year. Its property right is defined as economy.

Applicable housing property rights. The other is lower than the cost price of housing reform in that year, and its property right is the cost price of housing reform.

◆ Public housing, also known as public housing, public housing and state-owned housing, refers to the state (central government or local government) and state-owned.

Enterprises and institutions to invest in the construction and sale of housing, public housing is mainly built by the local government, responsible for urban residents.

Rental and sale: the houses built by enterprises and institutions are rented and sold to employees of enterprises and institutions.

◆ Housing reform has a certain welfare nature, and all property units are sold to their own units according to the housing reform price announced by the government every year.

Workers' housing. The sources of such houses are generally commercial houses purchased by units, self-built houses and fund-raising houses.

The property right of housing reform is divided into three levels: cost property right, standard property right and standard preferential property right.

Vacant commercial housing real estate development enterprises have invested in construction and obtained real estate license (large production license) for more than one year.

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