On December 15, 1996, residents of Dashang Lane in Xicheng District, Beijing, with the help of the civic organization Global Village, began sorting garbage from that day on. The initial sorting bins were purchased by members of the neighborhood committee with their saved year-end bonuses. The sorted garbage was removed by vendors and businesses contacted by the neighborhood committee. Day after day, year after year, the residents never stopped.

Since 1997, some citizens and students in Beijing have also taken action, spontaneously and consciously sorting and collecting waste batteries, and young volunteers from Renmin University have helped set up a waste battery recycling box for a chain store in the capital. Some universities, primary and secondary schools as well as some retired elderly people in Beijing have tried to categorize garbage one after another. With the help of the China Youth Daily's Sister of Knowledge and a female doctor who returned from studying in Germany, the children in the "Hand in Hand Global Village" also built a school with the money they got from recycling.

On April 23, 1999, the Jiangongnanli community in Baixifang, Xuanwu District, was buzzing like a festival as China's first waste separation and recycling system was officially launched. From this day on, residents will change the way they throw away garbage and put it away according to organic, inorganic and discarded soil categories, and the government sanitation department will change the way it transports garbage and sort it into different categories for transportation, sorting and recycling. It means that old traditions that have been lost here for years are finally being picked up.

In 2010, Beijing, China, piloted more than 700 waste machines in schools, restaurants and communities*** that burn up to 90 percent of waste and break down residue into organic fertilizer.

Beijing has been gradually implementing waste separation in the city since 2010. According to the data, in June 2010, the 2,927 neighborhoods that have implemented garbage classification **** produced 200,000 tons of domestic garbage, but the amount of food waste separated out was less than 10 percent of the actual amount produced.

November 18, 2010 to December 17, 2010, the "Beijing municipal household waste management regulations (draft)" had a public consultation, which stipulates that "non-compliance with the requirements of the management of household waste classification, by the comprehensive law enforcement department of urban management ordered to make corrections within a period of time, and impose a fine of more than 20 yuan to individuals of less than 200 yuan; to the unit of 5,000 yuan above 50,000 yuan or less".

November 18, 2011, the official regulations adopted by the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress, which for the "garbage is not classified will be fined" provisions have been deleted. In this regard, the relevant person in charge of the Municipal Legal Affairs Office has said that the deletion of this provision is fully adopted the views of the public. Formal regulations at the same time proposed: the city in accordance with more emission more payment, less emission less payment, mixed garbage more payment, classification of garbage less payment principle, and gradually establish the measurement of charges, classification of pricing of domestic waste disposal fee system. Specific measures are formulated by the municipal people's government.

March 1, 2012 came into force of the "Beijing municipal household garbage management regulations" proposed to gradually establish the measurement of charges, classification pricing of household garbage disposal fee system. But as of now, the specific measures have not yet been introduced.

On May 16, 2013, garbage bins of different colors are set up at the garbage collection point in Huaxiang Fujinjiayuan Community, Fengtai District. Located in Daxing Huangcun Zaoyuan Beili, is the first batch of Beijing's garbage classification pilot district, many people have been here to "learn" to learn. However, on August 29, in this former "star district", a number of food waste cans thrown sneakers, other garbage cans piled up with peels and other things. March 25, 2010, Hangzhou City, officially launched the work of waste classification, through several years of summary of the exploration, waste sorting, sorting collection, sorting transportation, sorting disposal, "a pole in the end" of the classification of garbage, "Hangzhou model" is basically established.

The theoretical study of the classification of domestic garbage in Hangzhou can be traced back to the 80s of the last century, from 1983 onwards, the Hangzhou Institute of Environmental Hygiene Science in the long-term tracking and investigation of the amount of domestic garbage generated in Hangzhou, physical and chemical composition of the domestic garbage classification program for the development of basic data and technical support. 1984-1985, according to the physical and chemical composition of domestic garbage at that time, the classification of the garbage in Hangzhou is the first time in the history of the city. In 1984-1985, according to the physical and chemical composition of domestic garbage at that time, Hangzhou Environmental Hygiene Research Institute carried out research on aerobic composting technology for organic garbage, and successfully developed rapid high-temperature aerobic composting technology, which was awarded a national patent and included in the promotion project of domestic garbage treatment of the Ministry of Construction at that time. Later on, it organized a series of research projects such as "Research on Classified Collection Mode of Urban Living Waste in Hangzhou", "Research on Classified Emission Reduction Scheme of Living Waste in Hangzhou" and "Research and Demonstration on Classified Resourcefulness Technology of Rural Living Waste in Hangzhou", laying theoretical foundations for the advancement of classification of living waste.

In 2009, Hangzhou's domestic waste generation maintained a growth rate of about 10% for the fourth consecutive year, and the annual domestic waste generation in the urban area reached 2,347,200 tons/year, with a daily average of 6,431 tons/day. To "landfill as the main, incineration as a complementary" way of disposing of domestic waste is difficult to sustain, a large number of primary domestic waste into the landfill, the valuable landfill strategic security resources are rapidly consumed. At the same time, mass incidents caused by waste disposal problems in sister cities in China continued to be staged, and the construction of a large-scale waste transfer station in Hangzhou was blocked, which caused the municipal party committee and government to be highly vigilant. It is against this background that, in order to solve the contradiction between the transportation of domestic garbage and the construction of transfer stations, on August 10, 2009, Comrade Wang Guoping, the former Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, put forward the concept of "Clean and Direct Transportation of Garbage", and no longer constructed new transfer stations, and then formally put forward the promotion of the work of garbage classification.In September, the Municipal Party Committee convened a special meeting and clearly proposed the overall requirements and work of the work of classification of domestic garbage. In September, the municipal government held a special meeting, clearly put forward the overall requirements and work deployment of the classification of living garbage. 2010 February, the municipal government jointly issued the "Hangzhou City District living garbage classification collection and disposal to promote the implementation of the work program".

Drawing on the basic practices of urban garbage classification at home and abroad, Hangzhou, based on the principle of "rough classification, scientific and reasonable, and convenient for the people", and through public consultation with the public, finally decided to classify household garbage into four major categories: recyclables, hazardous garbage, kitchen garbage, and other garbage. The standard system of classification of living garbage in Hangzhou has been formed.

1. Developing the standard of domestic garbage classification methods and signs. On the basis of the national standards, a set of garbage classification signs with Hangzhou characteristics was designed. According to the different characteristics of the four types of garbage, the four theme colors of blue, red, green and yellow were used to make a clear distinction, and the colors, fonts and graphic symbols of the large and small signs were stipulated, so as to make the color distinctions obvious and the signs recognizable, and to facilitate the public's recognition and sorting of garbage.

2. Technical standards for facilities related to garbage classification are formulated. It has formulated the Design Guidelines for the Construction and Reconstruction of Domestic Garbage Collection Points (Rooms) in Hangzhou City, and the General Technical Requirements for Household Garbage Bags for Garbage Classification in Hangzhou City, stipulating the structure, materials, appearance, color, volume, size, thickness, and other technical requirements for household garbage bags for garbage classification, as well as the inspection rules, test methods, and symbols, to provide a basis for the bidding and purchasing of garbage bags. The Technical Requirements for Products of Classified Collection Containers for Household Garbage in Hangzhou were formulated, stipulating the technical conditions of classified garbage cans, the color, volume, size of the barrels and their marking specialties.

3. The whole process of classification program of "four classifications and four stages" was formulated. According to the classification method, combined with the existing resources in Hangzhou, four types of garbage disposal methods are clearly defined, focusing on the separation of kitchen garbage, kitchen garbage into the Tienziling landfill for ecological landfill methane power generation; other garbage into the garbage incineration plant to incinerate power generation; recyclables are recovered and reused through the existing waste recycling system; hazardous garbage is included in the management of hazardous wastes for safe disposal; basically, to realize the "classification, classification, classification, classification" program. The whole process of classification of "separate placement, separate collection, separate transportation, separate disposal" makes the work of garbage classification to advance in an orderly manner.

In order to ensure the solid and effective promotion of garbage classification work, the municipal government in the policy and funding to provide a strong guarantee. On the one hand, clear policy guarantee. Hangzhou has issued more than 20 policy documents, such as the Implementation Opinions on the Classification of Living Garbage in Hangzhou, the Implementation Measures for the Classification of Living Garbage in Hangzhou, the Implementation Plan for the Classification of Living Garbage in Hangzhou, the Assessment Measures for the Classification of Living Garbage Collection and Disposal in Hangzhou, and the Implementation Opinions on the Implementation of Volunteer Service Actions on Garbage Classification, etc., which have clarified the guiding principles, working principles, target tasks, working responsibilities, and the implementation of the voluntary service actions on garbage classification. principles, objectives and tasks, work responsibilities and financial safeguards. The classification of household garbage is also included in the city's assessment of urban management objectives of the district. On the other hand, the implementation of financial security. Since the implementation of garbage classification, the municipal and city governments have invested about 60 million yuan in special funds for garbage classification every year, of which more than 10 million yuan has been invested in publicity for classification, more than 30 million yuan has been invested in the protection of facilities such as classified garbage cans and garbage bags, and 20 million yuan has been invested in the work of the community. Each city government according to the urban financial 1:1 supporting policy to implement the corresponding facilities to protect the funding, to ensure the smooth progress of the work of waste classification.

In order to strengthen the organizational leadership of the work of garbage classification, the Hangzhou Municipal Government has specially set up a leading group for the promotion of the work of classified collection and disposal of household garbage in Hangzhou City, with the deputy mayor in charge of the municipal government acting as the leader, the deputy secretary-general in charge of the municipal government acting as the vice leader, and the publicity department of the Municipal Party Committee, the Organization Department, the Municipal City Management Committee, the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, and other member units of more than 40 departments. Party committees and governments in urban areas attach great importance to, but also established the appropriate organizational structure, formulated to promote the work of the implementation of the program, the urban areas also set up a system of contact points in charge of the district mayor, clear tasks, the implementation of the responsibility for the establishment of the city, the district, the street, the community four-tier management network, and solidly promote the development of waste classification work. At the same time also established a work team. Based on the city, district, street urban management professional backbone, the establishment of a "hundred" teachers, for the city to carry out waste classification publicity and training. Based on the community urban management service workers and sanitation coordinators, a team of "1,000" instructors has been set up to guide residents on the spot to classify and put garbage into the garbage. Together with the Youth League Municipal Committee, the Women's Federation organization, recruiting enthusiastic citizens *** with the participation of the establishment of the "10,000" volunteer team, to enrich the community work force.

The publicity and mobilization work was carried out in a wide range of ways that were pleasing to the public and combined with the point of view. Strengthen the surface publicity. Actively collaborate with the media to increase the work of garbage classification publicity, tracking reports of urban areas, streets, community garbage classification of good initiatives and methods; produced garbage classification animation, public service announcements, and in television stations, buses, outdoor screens, building TV and other carriers to play; production and distribution of printed garbage classification publicity content fans, aprons, umbrellas and other promotional items, in-depth publicity garbage classification. Set up a website on garbage classification to exchange work experience. Focus on training and education. Grasp the hierarchical training, carry out "one district, one lesson per month" training activities, popularize the knowledge of garbage classification and make clear the significance of good garbage classification by carrying out training and education on garbage classification, citizens' forums, square consultation, on-site exchanges and visits to educational bases. Knowledge of garbage classification in schools. In conjunction with the Municipal Education Bureau, 200,000 copies of the Comic Book on Classification of Domestic Waste in Hangzhou for kindergarten to elementary school grade 3, 73,000 copies of the Reader on Waste Classification Knowledge for elementary school grade 4-6, 70,000 copies of the Reader for junior high school students, 60,000 copies of the Reader for high school students, and 6,000 copies of the handmade book Sending Trash Babies Home are being printed.

Based on the unified standard of garbage classification, brainstorming, collective efforts, innovative initiatives, incentives to guide the urban areas, streets, and communities to do strange tricks to improve the effectiveness of garbage classification. 1, carry out the garbage classification "real name system" ("real household system"). "The system will be implemented in the following ways.) That is, in the kitchen garbage special bag sticker household family number, the residents of the garbage classification situation for publicity, supervision. 2, trial "code garbage bag". That is, in each household's kitchen garbage bags printed on the bar code, the use of digital technology on the classification of quality tracking guidance and supervision. 3, pilot "garbage does not fall to the ground". That is, in the conditions of the district, the abolition of garbage cans, residents in the morning and evening within the specified time period directly into the classification of garbage collection trucks. These initiatives have greatly improved the quality of garbage classification, but also produced a very good response in the community.

In a full range of publicity and guidance, Hangzhou people for the classification of garbage from unfamiliar to familiar, from incomprehension to actively participate in the "garbage to be classified" concept is being accepted by the majority of citizens, and the emergence of the "to be my share" to the "I want to share". The concept of "waste should be categorized" is being accepted by the general public, and there is a shift from "I want to separate" to "I want to separate". According to the latest public opinion survey, the public's understanding of, support for and satisfaction with garbage classification are all higher than before. 98% of them said they understood garbage classification. Among them, 98% of the public said that they understand the work of garbage classification; 81.15% of the residents think that the environment of the community where garbage classification is carried out has been effectively improved; 89.60% of the public are satisfied with the government's efforts to promote the classification of garbage; 93% of the public support and more supportive of the work of garbage classification.

The effect of garbage classification has gradually appeared. First, the effect of reduction began to appear. After the implementation of garbage classification in the main city garbage growth rate began to slow down. Secondly, resource utilization is more effective. Garbage physical and chemical analysis shows that after classification of other garbage water content of 29.8%, 23.5% lower than the mixed garbage; calorific value of 10600kj/kg, is mixed garbage calorific value of 2.5 times, can greatly improve the efficiency of garbage incineration power generation. Third, the environment has been effectively improved. Statistical surveys show that "92.1% of the public think that kitchen garbage separate classification, the most direct feeling is the small area of garbage odor reduction, community environmental hygiene has been improved"; incineration plant operation is more stable, the furnace temperature has been improved, the pollutant emission standards steadily improved.

Several years of practice so that Hangzhou has a deeper understanding of the classification of waste, mainly as follows:

(a) publicity and education is the precursor. Publicity and education is very important, in the whole waste classification work to take a pivotal role, first of all, we must tell people why points, how to points, so that the public understand the relevant knowledge of garbage classification, clear meaning of garbage classification, enhance the sense of responsibility for the classification of garbage, so as to consciously participate in the daily action of garbage classification.

(2) Training and guidance is the foundation. Relying on a professional team of garbage classification instructors, popularizing the "knowledge of garbage classification" to everyone is the foundation of the implementation of garbage classification. Among them, it is especially important to consolidate and cultivate the knowledge and concept of garbage classification among the community staff, property management personnel and volunteers, and to play their role of advising and guiding in the field.

(3) Community families are the main body. The community is a specific promoter of garbage classification, its role to play a good or bad directly affect the success or failure of this work, should be incentivized to guide the community cadres to do their best, and continue to innovate initiatives to improve the effectiveness of the work, and consciously promote the work of garbage classification in depth; family members consciously classify garbage is the key to the success or failure of the work of garbage classification off to focus on guiding the residents to consciously classify the work to improve the quality of the garbage classification. The quality of garbage classification should be improved by focusing on guiding residents to classify garbage consciously.

(4) Assessment and supervision is a means. In the case of the regulatory system has not been perfected, the behavior of not carrying out waste classification is still the lack of effective means of constraints, through the city to the district, the district to the street to implement a hierarchical assessment and supervision, is still a proven method. Should be through the improvement of assessment methods, scientific assessment goals to motivate urban areas, streets and communities to pay attention to the classification of garbage, and strive to do the classification of garbage is true, do real, do a good job.

(E) persistence is the key. Garbage classification is a long-term social project, its effectiveness is not limited to a period of time, "persistence" is the garbage classification to achieve the goal of the fundamental. The government should focus on garbage classification as a long-term task, and deepen the promotion of garbage classification through long-term persistence and unremitting efforts, in order to build up public confidence in "garbage classification". On April 7, 2011, the Interim Provisions on the Management of Classification of Urban Living Waste in Guangzhou came into force. Guangzhou became the first city in China to legislate for the classification of urban household waste. The goal of the work is to achieve a waste classification rate of 50%, a resource recovery rate of 16%, a resource treatment rate of 90%, an end-of-pipe treatment rate of less than 75%, and a harmless treatment rate of 85%. 2012 will see the establishment of a comprehensive waste classification collection and treatment system. In accordance with the "Regulations", Guangzhou's domestic garbage is divided into four categories: recyclables, kitchen waste, hazardous waste and other garbage, and garbage classification will be carried out throughout the entire process of garbage generation, placement, collection and transportation, and treatment.

On July 19, 2012, the Guangzhou Municipal Urban Management Committee announced the deadline for streets and towns to realize the full implementation of domestic waste classification, including 131 streets in the city by the end of 2012 and the remaining 35 towns by the end of 2013. At the same time, the Municipal Urban Management Committee also requested that it take two years to establish a comprehensive domestic waste classification collection and treatment system in the city.

According to the goal of "realizing the breakthrough of garbage disposal in three years", Guangzhou has also formulated a detailed implementation plan. 2012, Class A will be built as a demonstration area for the classification of household garbage, and the classification of household garbage will reach the stage of promotion and popularization, in which 50% of the streets will reach the stage of full implementation; Class B, the completion of the promotion of the whole street tasks In 2012, the whole street will be built into a demonstration area for domestic waste classification, and domestic waste classification will reach the promotion and popularization stage, of which 30% of the streets will reach the promotion and popularization stage; Category C, the whole street will be built into a demonstration area for domestic waste classification by the end of the year, and domestic waste classification will reach the promotion of the initial stage, of which 20% of the streets will reach the promotion of the initial stage; Category D, the publicity of domestic waste classification will be launched, and pilot projects of townships and townships' domestic waste classification will be conducted.

In 2013, the city's urban and rural areas to fully carry out the classification of living garbage. 16 streets in category A, into the full implementation of the stage to reach 80%; category B, 50% of the streets to reach the promotion of the popularization of the stage above; category C, 30% of the streets to reach the promotion of the primary stage above; category D, 100% of townships began to promote the classification of living garbage, 50% of townships to reach the promotion of the beginning of the stage above.

It is understood that by 2015, it will be realized that all the streets in categories A and B will reach the stage of full implementation and build a demonstration area; while half of the streets in category C will reach more than the stage of promoting popularization, and all the towns in category D will reach more than the stage of promoting the beginnings. In 1999, the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Municipal Environment and Sanitation prepared the "Shanghai Municipal District Living Waste Classification Collection and Disposal Implementation Plan", which for the first time determined the classification of living waste in accordance with the "organic waste", "inorganic waste", "toxic and hazardous waste". In 2010, the Shanghai Municipal People's Government issued the "Shanghai Municipal People's Government on the issuance of further strengthening the city's domestic garbage management of a number of opinions notice" (Shanghai Municipal People's Government [2010] No. 9), clearly promote the whole process of classification of domestic garbage. 2012 January, Shanghai Municipal Construction and Transportation Commission and the Municipal Greening and Amenities Bureau jointly issued the "Shanghai Municipal Domestic Waste Classification Collection and Disposal Program". Municipal Greening and Cityscape Bureau jointly issued the Notice on the Issuance of <Guidelines for the Configuration of Facilities and Equipment for Classification of Municipal Domestic Waste in Shanghai (for Trial Implementation)> (Shanghai Construction and Transportation Union [2012] No. 27), which clarifies the classification standards, collection container setups, and classification labels and other specifications. In February 2014, the Shanghai Municipal Government issued the Measures for Promoting the Classification and Reduction of Domestic Waste in Shanghai (Shanghai Municipal Government Decree [2012] No. 14) (hereinafter referred to as the Measures), which defined new standards for the classification of domestic waste. The development and implementation of the Measures means that the promotion of waste classification and reduction in Shanghai has entered a new stage of legalization.