Brief introduction of the Sino-Japanese War (also known as the Sino-Japanese War, the First Sino-Japanese War, 1894- 1895 Qing-Japanese War; Japan called the Japanese-Qing War). Because it happened in 1894, that is, in the 20th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, the main branch was Wu Jia, and China was called "Wu Jia War" in history. The Sino-Japanese War of 1894 began with the Toyota War on July 25th, 894, and ended with the signing of treaty of shimonoseki on August 25th, 895. The Qing government declared war on Japan, and Emperor Meiji of Japan declared war. The whole war lasted nearly nine months. Sino-Japanese War? Name of the situation: Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 (Japan called the Japanese Qing War and other countries called the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895) Location: Korean Peninsula, Liaodong Peninsula, Weihai, Shandong, and the northern part of the Yellow Sea? Time: 65438+July 25th 0894-1April 7th, 895 Participants: Qing Dynasty, Japan Results: Japan won and signed treaty of shimonoseki. Troops of participants: 630,000 Qing troops, 2406 16 Japanese casualties: 365,438 Qing troops. The first stage consists of three stages, from July 25th 1894 to September 17. Wars are divided into land battles and naval battles. The land war is mainly the battle of Pyongyang on the Korean peninsula, and the naval battle is mainly the naval battle of the Yellow Sea. The land war was launched in three battlefields at the same time: the south bank battlefield of Datong River, the battlefield outside Xuanwu Gate and the battlefield southwest of the city. At that time, there were more than 9,500 Qing troops stationed in Pyongyang, and more than 6,000 Japanese troops/kloc-0. The combat power of the two sides was far from each other. The ninth HunChengLv of the Japanese army first attacked the Qing army on the south bank of Datong River, and Ma Yukun, the Lord of Taiyuan Town, fought bravely, but the Japanese army failed. The Yellow Sea naval battle is a battle-level naval battle conducted by the main forces of the two navies in the northern part of the Yellow Sea. Also known as the Sino-Japanese War and the Dadonggou War. After the defeat, Beiyang Navy retreated to Ahava, which made the control of the Yellow Sea fall into the hands of the Japanese joint fleet and had a decisive impact on the war situation in the late Sino-Japanese War. /kloc-in September of 0/5, the Japanese army attacked Pyongyang in three ways, and the fighting was fierce. The company commander of Gaozhou Town was shot dead in the left, and then Xuanwumen fell. Ye Zhichao ordered the retreat, and within six days, it drained more than 500 miles, exposing the serious opposition between Xiang and Huai armies in the Qing army; On 26th, the Qing army arrived in China, north of Yalu River. The whole territory of Korea is controlled by Japan. The second stage, from1September 894 17 to165438+1October 22nd. The battlefield is located in Liaodong Peninsula, mainly on land. On September 25, the Japanese army successfully crossed the Yalu River on a pontoon bridge and launched an attack on the position of the Qing army in Hushan. Ma and Nie Shicheng, commanders of the Qing army, were forced to leave their positions. The Japanese army captured Tiger Mountain. Other ministries of the Qing army fled without fighting, and Yamagata Aritomo moved the First Army Command to Hushan. On 26th, the Japanese army occupied Jiuliancheng Scenic Resort Scenic Area and Andong County (now Dandong). On the same day, the Japanese army landed at Zhuanghe Huayuankou, 10 captured Jinzhou on June 9, and 10 fell into Dalian Bay in June. At this point, the Qing army collapsed in the Yalu River defense line. Lushun fell on the 25th. The Japanese army carried out the Lushun massacre. Robbery, slaughter and rape were carried out in the city for four days and three nights, and more than 20 thousand civilians died. In the third stage,1894165438+1October 22nd to1April 89517th, there were the battles of Weihaiwei and Liaodong. 1895 65438+1On October 20th, 25,000 people of the second Japanese army began to land on Longxu Island in Rongcheng under the cover of Japanese ships. On 30th, the Japanese concentrated their forces on the south bank of Ahava. Camp officer Zhou Jiaen was killed and the battery was captured by the Japanese army. On February 3rd, the Japanese army captured Weihai Acropolis, and Liu Gongdao became an isolated island. The commander of the Japanese joint fleet sent a letter to Ding to surrender. 10, Dingyuan played out, and Liu ordered the ship to sink. Later Liu swallowed opium and committed suicide. 1 1 In June, Ding committed suicide. 17, the Japanese army landed in Liu Gongdao. At the suggestion of the British naval military adviser, Sa Zhenbing, the youngest pipeline manager and the first future chief executive of Ren Haijun in the Republic of China, presented the 10 ships from Jiyuan, Guangzhou Automobile and Zhong Zhen to Lieutenant General Ito, who was captured by the Japanese army. Beiyang fleet was wiped out. With the cooperation of the navy, the Japanese army on the northern line captured Phoenix, Haicheng, Yingkou and Tianzhuangtai all the way, and the prefect Song Qing threatened to fight again and was stopped. The Qing court longed for peace and sent Li Hongzhang as the plenipotentiary minister to Japan for peace talks. 1895 17 In April, the Qing Dynasty and Japan signed the treaty of shimonoseki of Nissin, and the Sino-Japanese War ended. Conclusion The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 is always a hidden pain in our nation's heart. Today's Diaoyu Islands issue is one of the sequelae of war failure. Intellectuals have different views on the reasons for the defeat of the Qing Dynasty. Some people say that at that time, the most advanced warships in the world were bought by the Japanese because Cixi misappropriated funds for naval construction. Someone explained that the naval general made a mistake in on-site command. They should have attacked the other troop carriers with all their strength, but the Qing army chose to attack the warships. All these statements are reasonable, but not complete. In my opinion, there are two kinds of Sino-Japanese wars, one is on the battlefield and the other is outside the battlefield. In the war on the battlefield, the Qing state failed; In wars outside the battlefield, the defeat of the Great Qing Dynasty was even more ugly.