2. In A.D. 1533 (the thirty-second year of Ming Jiajing), foreign businessmen who went to Macao asked to go ashore to dry their tributes on the pretext that their merchant ships were caught in a storm. Portuguese businessmen took the opportunity to sneak in and bribed Guangdong customs officers in the name of foreign businessmen, and let them land at the price of 1,200 silver. Only when the Portuguese landed temporarily did they "stay" there. In A.D. 1554, after Susa, commander of the Portuguese fleet, paid bribes to Wang Bai, deputy envoy of the Guangdong Channel, the activities of Portuguese entering Macao began to increase, and Portuguese ships docked in Macao more and more frequently, trying to use Macao as a fixed berth. The Portuguese brought bricks, bricks, wood and stones to build houses and villages. By 1564, the Portuguese had built more than 1000 residences, and there were nearly 1000 Portuguese in Australia. By 1570, the Portuguese had built three more churches, a hospital and a mercy hall in Macao. Macao has changed from a temporary berth to a permanent residence for Portuguese people to engage in business and trade and berth ships in China.

After the Portuguese established themselves in Macao, they stepped up bribing Wang Bai, the Guangdong sea envoy who held military and political power, and gave five hundred and twenty pieces of silver every year to consolidate the Portuguese position in Macao. It was not until Wang Bai was transferred from Guangdong that he discovered that his predecessor had taken bribes, and the 520 pounds paid by the Portuguese was turned over to the state treasury as land rent. After that, the Portuguese paid the rent of 520 yuan to the Ming government every year, and soon they added 1520 yuan.

The Portuguese paid the land rent to the Ming government, which showed that they recognized Macau as the territory of China, and they were just renting a house. At the same time, the Ming government accepted the rent and included it in the Guangdong Fu Quan Shu published in the Wanli period, which indicated that the China authorities had officially allowed the Portuguese to rent land in Macau.

In A.D. 1578, the Ming government reopened Guangzhou's foreign trade, and Macau became an important port for China's foreign trade. As the Portuguese settled in Macao, their power became stronger and stronger, and businessmen from other countries left one after another, so Macao was occupied by the Portuguese. They build cities and temples here and enjoy their own interests. As a result, Macao has changed from the original anchorage of ships from various countries to Portugal's trade base in the East and has been included in Portugal's sphere of influence. 1623, Portugal appointed the first governor of Macao; Give it the power to rule Macao, but still pay the rent to China. 1842, China was defeated in the Sino-British Opium War; The Portuguese are also weak in China, so they no longer pay rent to China. 1845, the queen of Portugal even unilaterally declared Macao a colonial free port of Portugal.

3. Portugal is a small country in Europe, with an area of less than 6.5438+10,000 square kilometers, but it once became a colonial empire with an area equivalent to 0/00 times that of the mainland. With its powerful fleet, it has conquered a large area of land in Africa, Asia and America across the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean, and has become the world's maritime hegemon.