Hengyang Shigu Academy, located in Hunan Province, is an academy with great historical charm. For thousands of years, countless literati have come to visit and search, and many writings of sages have been preserved so far. The following are detailed travel notes and strategies of Hengyang Shigu Academy.
Address: Shigushan, Shigu District, Hengyang City
Gushan is located at the intersection of Zhengzhou and Hunan streams in the north of Hengyang City, Hunan Province, with an altitude of 69 meters and an area of about 4,111 square meters. The mountains are as round as drums, empty on all sides, surrounded by water on three sides, with lush trees and beautiful environment. Shigu Academy was founded in Tang Dynasty and flourished in Song Dynasty. Especially in the Northern Song Dynasty, it was ranked among the "Four Great Academies in the World".
There is a square in Qianping Academy, and its landmark building is a giant stone book with a length of 2.4m and a width of 1.8m, on which is inscribed The Story of Shigu Academy, which was written by Zhu, a famous philosopher in the Southern Song Dynasty, when he gave a lecture here in 187. The theory of advocating justice and principle practiced and inherited by the leaders of Shigu Academy had a far-reaching impact on ancient academies in China. At the beginning, it is described and praised as follows: "Shigu Mountain in Hengzhou is the highest in a county, surrounded by water, according to the meeting of steaming Hunan." It is one of the "three musts" of Shigu Academy,-"You can't turn over a book". There is a thousand-year-old ginkgo tree on the left side of the square, which is ancient and vicissitudes.
On the right side of the square is the "General Building", which has always been a battleground for military strategists because Hengyang "clamps Guangdong and Guangxi and locks Jingwu". But Shigu Mountain is a land and water hub, which is easy to defend but difficult to attack. Many ancient celebrities such as Zhuge Liang, Wen Tianxiang, Zeng Guofan and Peng Yulin. Used to camp here.
There is a stone drum monument wall on the lower right bank of the river. Built in 2116, with a total length of 99 meters, 38 stone tablets engraved with poems and songs of past dynasties outline the elegance of the academy.
Fan Chengda, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote in The Story of Shigu Mountain: "There are four academies in the world: Bulaishan, Jinshan, Yuelu and Shigu"; 755-79111 was written by Chen An in Ming Dynasty. Eight ancient scenic spots in Hengyang: "The misty rain of the wild peaks is really commendable, the stone drums are splendid, the medicinal springs are full of claws, the birds are singing in the snowy mountains of Yueping, there are thousands of poems by Zhu Lingdong, and there are hundreds of kinds of wines at the bridge of Qingcao. Try Dongzhou Taobo and Bai Lianhua at West Lake Night." There are three drums; Chen Ling, the author of "755-79111", was the top scholar in Qing Dynasty and was called "a generation of scribes" by Wei Yuan. During the Jiaqing period, there was a song called "Seven Musts of Ten Ones": "One sail, one paddle, one fishing boat, one fisherman and one hook. A smile, a bright moon, a bright autumn ",in exchange for the boatman's turn, spread as a beautiful talk!"
When you enter the academy area, the first thing you see is Yubei Pavilion, which is a pyramid-shaped roof pavilion with four corners and two eaves. The inscriptions on the plaque are Mo Bao, librarian of Hunan Literature and History Museum, and Mr. Shi Mu, former chairman of Changsha Book Association. This is the second best thing of Shigu Academy: "I can't recognize words". The inscription has nine lines and seventy-seven words. Written in or before Shang and Zhou Dynasties, no one has cracked it. There is a plaque on it, which was translated by Yang Shen, one of the three great talents in Ming Dynasty, but it is only a personal opinion. Or bird and insect seal or Taoist symbol _, to the effect that Yu Fengshun told him to control the water. He has been gone for thirteen years and has not entered the house for three times. The Eight Scenes of Hengyang is in Nanyue. From then on, containment was changed to dredging. As a result, the harmful animals and dragons always run away. Wang Yu Monument, Huangdi Mausoleum and Yandi Mausoleum are the three treasures of the Chinese nation. Couplets on both sides: "Tadpoles become dots, and heaven and earth spread great texts", using Hu Jingzeng's poem "Rebuilding Hejiang Pavilion" in the Qing Dynasty: "Tadpoles are seventy-seven, and the prints flow." Heluo was born in the past, and heaven and earth became big. "The writer is Chen Wenzhi, a famous calligrapher in Hengyang City.
When you enter the mountain gate, you can see the sign of the Academy-there is a big stone drum with a height of 2.8 meters and a diameter of 1.6 meters on one side. This is also the third unique-"drum that can't be knocked". There are two opinions about the origin of the name of Shigushan: one is named after its shape. In the southern and northern dynasties, Li Daoyuan's "Golden Bamboo Slips and Jade Letters" said: "The mountains are green and round, like their drums, and the mountains are pure stone without soil"; The second is named after sound. Yu Zhongchu, the magistrate of Jinling, wrote a poem "Yubei Pavilion": "The sound of the stone contains a hidden sound, and the thunder shakes for nine days. It's amazing, as natural as God. " Dong Luohan's Notes on Water Classics: "The stone drum is in the south of Zhengkou, west of Xiangshui, knocking for dozens of miles. There is no sound of this drum today. " 155-79111 also has a supernatural record: "Lincheng County has a stone drum, which is six feet high. When the drum rings, there is a revolutionary event in the soil. " Later, there was a legend that the Hercules Lu Long pushed the drum into the pool, which should be the people's yearning for peace.
There are four exhibition halls on the left hand side of the mountain gate, among which Peng Yulin, an outstanding representative of Shigu Academy students, was specially mentioned. He was recruited by Zeng Guofan and founded the Xiang Navy, becoming the founder of China's modern navy. Because of his bravery, he was named "Chang Yong Batulu" by the court, which means "hero" and "warrior" in Manchu. In the Ministry of War, Zeng Guofan, Zuo and Hu Linyi were called "Tongzhi Zhongxing".
Peng Yulin is resourceful and talented, especially good at drawing plum blossoms with simple lines and turbid ink. He has a heroic spirit, which Zeng Guofan called "plum blossom in the army." This is related to a childhood love. He fell in love with Peng Yulin's grandmother and adopted daughter Wang Zhubin (beautiful aunt), but he was forced to get married because of his seniority. After Mei Gu died in childbirth, "a sad person has another bosom" and vowed to commemorate her by painting Mei, "making more than 11,111 books in her life", which deserves to be called "the first lover of Qing Dynasty". CCTV was awarded "Stone Drum Watching" and Peng Yulin's "The Story of Xiang Zhongshan" was awarded the title of "Hengyang Folk National Treasure".
Peng Yulin also wrote a large number of Yongmei's poems, which are called the first notes of Shui Jing. Among them, "Plum Blossom is a lifelong friend", "Plum Blossom is a lost husband" and "Plum Blossom is United as one" have long been Yongmei's famous sayings. Peng Yulin's poems and paintings not only borrow the noble plum blossom, but also express his deep nostalgia for his first lover.
The Shigu Academy we see now is a reconstructed classical building with white walls and hidden columns, which is solemn, simple and elegant. There are mountain gates, bookstores, Wuhou Temple, Li Zhongjie Temple, Daguanlou, Hejiang Pavilion and other landscapes. Most of the wood is made of Indonesia's finest pineapple plaid wood, which is hard in texture, delicate in texture, anti-corrosive and moth-proof, and immortal for thousands of years; All the components adopt the traditional tenon-mortise docking method.
Wuhou Temple commemorates Zhuge Liang, a strategist of the Three Kingdoms. The plaque was inscribed by Professor Qian Shaowu of the Central Academy of Fine Arts. Zhuge Liang was named Wuhou before his death and loyal to Wuhou after his death. Later generations respectfully called him Wuhou. 755-79111: Zhuge Liang was stationed in the general building of Shigushan in Linzheng (Hengyang) as a corps commander to supervise the military taxes in Changsha, Lingling and Guiyang. Later generations felt the spirit of "devoting all one's efforts to death", and longed for its integrity and built a shrine here. Door "heart from remote, ask Cao Lu is yeah, look at the sky here; Next to the changing river, it stands because of sadness, seeing autumn water and the dead, and the Iraqi people are in the center ",written by Fan Henian, the magistrate of Hengyang County in Qing Dynasty, and written by the famous calligrapher Li Duo.
On the left is Li Zhongjie Temple. The plaque was inscribed by He Manzong, vice chairman of Hunan Federation of Literary and Art Circles and former chairman of the Book Association. Li Fu, a native of Hengzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty, was a magistrate in Tanzhou (Changsha) and a fortune teller in Hunan. In the first year of Deyou, his troops fought the Yuan Army, and a bloody battle took place in March. On New Year's Eve, the word "loyalty" was written as an oath, and the grand "Grand View Building" with carved beams and painted buildings in the whole city was built in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. It undertakes two major functions of the academy, namely, giving lectures downstairs and collecting books upstairs. Li Hao, the governor of Hengzhou during Tongzhi, wrote a couplet: "Sitting in front of Yue Yunkai, you have the right to regard Xiaoge Mansion as his mansion; Rely on Xiangshui, like fishing songs and sing my book ".
There are wooden statues of the Seven Sages of Shigu in the exhibition hall on the first floor. Li Kuan, a native of Longxi in Tang Dynasty, studied in Shigu Mountain in Yuanhe for three years, which is the embryonic form of Shigu Academy. Han Yu was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. The first of the eight masters in Tang Dynasty. After spending the first year in Hengyang, he was invited to visit Shigu Mountain and wrote the poem Treasure Hunt. After that, he attracted many literati to come here and sang the eternal swan song of Shigushan. Li Shizhen, the seventh generation descendant of Li Kuan. Scholars in the early song dynasty. Rebuild the Academy in the former site of Li Kuan Library with private funds. Praised by the imperial court, it laid the foundation for Shigu Academy to last for thousands of years and become famous all over the world. Zhou Dunyi, a philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty. A native of Daoxian County, Hunan Province, he was the founder of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty and a "world cultural celebrity" of the United Nations. For twelve years, he left a famous piece "Memetu"; Zhu was a philosopher and educator in the Southern Song Dynasty. Wuyuan, Jianyang, master of science; Zhang Zhi, a Neo-Confucianist in Southern Song Dynasty. Mianzhu, Sichuan, moved to Hengzhou and was edited by Guan Zhi You Wen Dian, one of the main representatives of Huxiang School. Zhu's son-in-law is regarded by Zhu as a descendant of Taoism.
The stone drum "Zhang Zhu can talk" is a great event of academy culture and Huxiang culture in Song Dynasty. Now there are two plush chairs in the lecture hall to commemorate. The couplet in the sidebar reads: "Zhuji's words can be handed down from generation to generation, Changli sings first, Shihu sings, Xiake travels, Jiangzhai feels old, and the number of festivals starts from the beginning. The predecessors went too late. " Splendid mountains and rivers bother to show the way, geese are on the left, geese are on the right, grass is in front, and Zhu Ling is behind. The scenery is panoramic, and winning by looking at the shape is even more detached. "Written by Zhu Dahe, the first chairman of Hengyang Book Association.
Inside is Hejiang Pavilion, the earliest landscape building in the Academy. During the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty, it was built by Qi Ying, the secretariat of Hengzhou. Lu, the author of the inscription, was the curator of the National Museum. Couplets on both sides: "Stone drums and double rivers, Changli poems", inscribed by calligrapher Song Jun, then head of the discipline inspection team of Hunan Provincial Department of Culture. Behind the couplet: "Guangsha builds talents and reports to Longteng; Two glasses of water, letter into the pavilion. " The author Zhu Zhanxi, a native of Hengyang in the Qing Dynasty, was the dean of the Academy. Here, there is no noise and dirty air, which makes people feel different.
Linjiang cloister on the first floor is the best place to see Shigu Academy. On the left is the Lai Wild Goose Pagoda at the intersection of Zhengxiang Lake and Hunan Lake, which corresponds to Yan Hui Peak in the south of the city, meaning "the wild geese come from the north and belong here", so Hengyang is nicknamed "Wild Goose City". On the right, there is a looming Zhuhui Tower on the east bank, which is taken from the poem "Zhu Hui goes around in circles, and the Han Dynasty moves in yin" written by Wu Jun in the Southern Dynasties. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, feng shui experts said that Xiang water came to Yanta and thunder water poured in. Below it, there are no peaks on both sides of the river. In order not to let flowing water spread wealth, it is wise to build a tower to hold the water mouth. The waters below the Academy are called the "cradle" of China Navy, because Zeng Guofan and Peng Yulin once practiced Xiang here.
looking into the distance, the vision is empty and vast. Look at the Xiangjiang River in the north, with small waves or high winds and waves. River banks, clear mist, green trees, red flowers, waves beating on cliffs, and the wind stroking people's faces are fascinating. Mount the pavilion, recite famous poems, and watch the water of the Three Rivers spray directly into Dongting. It is
"There are few western eyes, but there are many visitors from the north between the monuments. The snow-capped mountains were stripped by the wind, and the names of the years were incorrect. There is no stone to grind beside this poem. It is a poem by Zeng Feng, a scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, which depicts the stone carvings on the stone drum cliff. It is very magical and desirable.