Senior two students entered the study of organic chemistry during this period. Organic chemistry is an important part of middle school chemistry, and it is also a compulsory knowledge of college entrance examination. Because the structure of organic compounds is complex and isomerism is common, most reactions need to remember the conditions and master the essence of the reaction. Therefore, organic chemistry has become one of the difficult contents of middle school chemistry, and many students are afraid. They often lose points seriously in the usual mock exams and college entrance examinations, and even leave a whiteboard, which is very regrettable. Therefore, it is necessary for us to talk about the learning methods of organic chemistry here. First, we should have confidence and determination in ourselves. Although this has nothing to do with the learning methods we talk about, a good learning attitude is also very important. Because organic chemistry has little connection with the inorganic chemistry knowledge we have learned in the past, that is to say, it is impossible for any student to have a good foundation, so the key to learning well is whether he wants to learn well and whether he can bear hardships. Since everyone has no foundation, students with good grades in the past should not be proud, keep a clear head, and don't sleep on their previous grades, otherwise they will stumble; Students with poor grades in the past will certainly learn well as long as they pay more and use the right methods. In my opinion, as long as students are willing to learn well, they should work hard to learn organic chemistry, build up confidence for themselves and lay a certain foundation for the review of senior three in the future. Second, build an organic molecular model and cultivate spatial imagination. In organic chemistry, the structure of organic matter is very important. For example, methane is a space regular tetrahedron structure, not a plane square structure. Only by understanding this can we really understand that there is only one dichloride of methane, not two. For another example, we can really understand the cis-trans isomerization of olefins by understanding that the single carbon bond can be rotated at will, but the double carbon bond and the triple carbon bond cannot be rotated. When beginners learn organic matter, if they don't know the structure of various typical representatives, they can go to the office or laboratory to play with models and cultivate good spatial imagination. Third, master the chemical properties of typical representatives of each substance. In the study of inorganic chemical element compounds, our learning method is to focus on learning the properties of an element substance and its compounds first, and then learn the properties of other elements and their compounds in the same family according to the similarity and degeneration of the properties of elements in the same family, so as to achieve the effect of drawing inferences from one instance and getting twice the result with half the effort. We should also pay attention to this method when studying organic chemistry. For example, in the study of "ethylene and olefins", we first focus on the properties of ethylene, and then compare the properties of other olefins according to the similarity between olefins. Of course, we should also pay attention to the difference between ethylene and other olefins, especially the addition reaction and polyaddition reaction of asymmetric olefins with water and hydrogen halide. In addition, after class, you should spend time thinking about the typical reactions of these substances, how to write equations and so on. For example, after learning "halogenated hydrocarbons", we should go back and think about whether we have mastered two typical reactions of halogenated hydrocarbons, "extracting alcohol from water". If you can't remember, you should review and consolidate in time. Fourthly, the essence of the reaction is clarified, and the laws of "bond breaking" and "bond forming" of functional groups in the reaction are emphatically analyzed. In organic reactions, the main reactions of most substances occur on functional groups, and the laws of "bond breaking" and "bond forming" of organic substances are very important. For example, when an olefin reacts with hydrogen, a valence bond (a functional group of the olefin) of a substance that is a carbon-carbon double bond is broken, and a hydrogen atom is added to each of two carbons of the carbon-carbon double bond. According to this principle, the addition reaction equation of other olefins with hydrogen can be analogized. It would be better if the possible position of carbon-carbon double bond in the original olefin could be inferred from the products after olefin addition. The reaction essence to be clarified mainly includes addition polymerization of olefins, elimination of halogenated hydrocarbons and alcohols, hydrolysis of halogenated hydrocarbons and esters, catalytic oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes, reaction of aldehydes with newly generated copper oxide, silver mirror reaction, esterification reaction and so on. When we really understand the nature of the reaction, the breakthrough of organic chemistry will become very easy. V. Keep in mind the conditions of important reactions In the current "3+x" comprehensive examination, the questions of organic chemistry are mainly organic inferences. In this kind of questions, the initial reactants and final products are often known, and the intermediate reaction conditions are given, which requires our students to infer what the intermediate product is. So remember the important organic reaction conditions. For example, when organic matter reacts with halogen elements, if it reacts under illumination, it is generally a substitution reaction of alkanes, while under the action of catalysts (such as Fe), it is generally a substitution reaction of benzene rings. The reaction with bromine water or bromine carbon tetrachloride solution is usually an addition reaction with olefins or alkynes. The aqueous solution of NaOH mainly carries out the hydrolysis reaction of halogenated hydrocarbons or esters, and the alcoholic solution of NaOH must carry out the elimination reaction of halogenated hydrocarbons. When it reacts with Ag(NH3)2OH, the aldehyde group must be oxidized to carboxyl ... Sixth, be familiar with the transformation relationship between important organic compounds in organic chemistry learning. In addition to mastering the nature of various organic substances, it is more important to master the mutual transformation relationship between organic substances, clarify the relationship between knowledge, and form a knowledge network, so as to achieve mastery and flexible application of knowledge, which is also the knowledge that must be mastered to break through the main item of the college entrance examination-organic inference. For example, after studying hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives, we must master the mutual transformation relationship between hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives: when understanding the mutual transformation relationship between organic substances, we must not only master the reaction equation and reaction type of the transformation process, but also understand the relationship between the transformation process and material properties, preparation and use. Master the above points, congratulations, you are already a master of organic chemistry! You will feel relaxed and comfortable when you do exercises or face exam questions. In addition, I will extract the learning songs of organic chemistry and give them to my classmates. I hope the students will read and recite carefully and appreciate it carefully. I believe you will benefit a lot. P.S. It is not difficult to learn organic chemistry, and remembering the general formula is the key. Only hydrocarbons are called hydrocarbons, and their structures are chain or cyclic. The double bond is alkene triple bond alkyne, and the single bond is alkane. Aliphatic in the chain, aromatic with benzene ring. The isomer * * * has a molecular formula, and the general formula is universal homology. Alkane substitution of olefins, functional groups of derivatives. Carboxyl hydrocarbon groups of hydroxyaldehyde are called hydroxyaldehyde and carboxylic acid. Carbonyl ether bond and amino group, and the derivative is ketoether amine. Benzene with hydroxyl group is called phenol, and naphthalene is bicyclic in parallel. Dehydrogenation and oxidation are called oxidation, and deoxidation and hydrogenation are called reduction. Alcohol is oxidized to aldehydes and ketones, and aldehydes are oxidized to carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acid is stronger than carbonic acid, and carbonic acid is stronger than carbolic acid. Photohalogenation in side chain, catalytic halogenation in benzene ring. Halogenated derivatives of hydrocarbons, halogen can be replaced by hydroxyl. Eliminating a water molecule produces olefins and halogen acids. Potassium and sodium can exchange hydrogen in alcohol, and the silver mirror reaction can turn sour. Alcohol and carboxylic acid are added to form esters, which are hydrolyzed to alkyd resin. Phenol turns white in bromine and starch turns blue in iodine. Amino acids are acid-base, formic acid, acid and aldehyde. Polymerization monomer changes the chain link and breaks π bond in series. Ever-changing and interesting, unlimited scenery to climb.