I. Composition of automatic fire alarm system

The automatic fire alarm system consists of fire detection alarm system, fire control linkage system, combustible gas detection alarm system and electrical fire monitoring system.

the composition of the automatic fire alarm system is shown in the figure below:

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(I) fire detection and alarm system

The fire detection and alarm system is composed of fire alarm controller, trigger device and fire alarm device, which can timely and accurately detect the initial fire of the protected object and make an alarm response, so that people in the building have enough time to evacuate to safety before the fire develops and spreads to the extent of endangering life safety.

1. Trigger device

In an automatic fire alarm system, devices that automatically or manually generate fire alarm signals are called trigger devices, which mainly include fire detectors and manual fire alarm buttons. Fire detector is a device that can respond to fire parameters (such as smoke, temperature, flame radiation, gas concentration, etc.) and automatically generate fire alarm signals. Manual fire alarm button is a device that manually generates fire alarm signals and starts the automatic fire alarm system.

2. Fire alarm device

In the automatic fire alarm system, the control indicating device which is used to receive, display and transmit fire alarm signals, can send out control signals and has other auxiliary functions is called fire alarm device. Fire alarm controller is one of the most basic ones. The fire alarm controller is responsible for providing stable working power for the fire detector; Monitor the working state of the detector and the system itself; Receiving, converting and processing the alarm signal output by the fire detector; Sound and light alarm; Indicate the specific location and time of alarm; At the same time, it performs many tasks such as corresponding auxiliary control.

3. Fire alarm device

In an automatic fire alarm system, the device used to send out fire alarm signals different from ambient sound and light is called a fire alarm device. It sends fire alarm signals to the alarm area by means of sound, light and sound, so as to warn people to quickly take safe evacuation and take fire fighting and disaster relief measures.

4. power supply

the automatic fire alarm system belongs to fire-fighting electrical equipment, and its main power supply should be fire-fighting power supply, and the standby power supply can be battery. The system power supply not only supplies power to the fire alarm controller, but also supplies power to the fire control equipment related to the system.

(II) Fire linkage control system

The fire linkage control system consists of fire linkage controller, graphic display device of fire control room, fire electric control device (fire shutter controller, gas fire extinguishing controller, etc.), fire electric device, fire linkage module, fire hydrant button, fire emergency broadcasting equipment, fire telephone and other equipment and components. When a fire breaks out, the linkage controller accurately sends linkage control signals to fire-fighting equipment such as fire pump, spray pump, fire door, fire valve, smoke control valve and ventilation according to the set control logic, so as to complete the control functions of fire-fighting system, evacuation indication system, smoke control system, fire shutter and other fire-fighting related equipment. When the fire-fighting equipment moves, the action signal is fed back to the fire control room and displayed, so as to realize the function of monitoring the state of the building fire-fighting facilities, that is, the function of receiving fire information or other information from the fire-fighting linkage field equipment and other systems other than the automatic fire alarm system.

1. Fire linkage controller

The fire linkage controller is the core component of the fire linkage control system. By receiving the fire alarm information sent by the fire alarm controller, it controls the automatic fire control system (facility) in the building in linkage according to the preset logic. The fire-fighting linkage controller can directly send out control signals and control the controlled equipment on site through the driving device; In the case that the control logic is complex and it is inconvenient to realize direct control on the fire-fighting linkage controller, the controlled equipment can be indirectly controlled by fire-fighting electrical control devices (such as fire shutter controller, gas fire extinguishing controller, etc.), and at the same time, the feedback signal of the automatic fire-fighting system (facility) can be received.

2. Graphic display device of fire control room

The graphic display device of fire control room is used to receive and display the dynamic information and fire management information of various fire-fighting equipment (facilities) in various fire-fighting systems and systems such as fire detection alarm and linkage control system, fire hydrant system, automatic fire extinguishing system, smoke prevention and exhaust system, fire door and shutter system, elevator, fire power supply, fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system, fire communication and so on, and also has information transmission.

3. Fire electrical control device

The function of fire electrical control device is to control all kinds of fire electrical equipment. Generally, it controls the control devices and dual power supply interchange devices of all kinds of fire pumps, smoke exhaust fans, electric fire doors, electric fire windows, fire shutters, electric valves, etc. by manual or automatic working mode, and feeds back the working status of the corresponding equipment to the fire linkage controller for display.

4. Fire-fighting electric device

The function of fire-fighting electric device is to drive or release electric fire-fighting facilities, which includes electric fire doors and windows, electric fire dampers, electric smoke control valves, gas drivers and other electric fire-fighting facilities.

5. Fire linkage module

A fire linkage module is a device for signal transmission between a fire linkage controller and the controlled equipment or components connected to it, including an input module, an output module and an input-output module. The function of the input module is to receive the signal feedback from the controlled equipment or components and input the signal into the fire-fighting linkage controller for display; the function of the output module is to receive the output signal of the fire-fighting linkage controller and send it to the controlled equipment or components, and the input-output module has the functions of both input module and output module.

6. Fire hydrant button

The fire hydrant button is a control button for manually starting the fire hydrant system.

7. Fire emergency broadcasting equipment

Fire emergency broadcasting equipment is composed of control and indication device, audio power amplifier, microphone, speaker, broadcast distribution device, power supply device, etc. It is the equipment for emergency broadcasting by controlling the power amplifier and speaker in case of fire or accident. Its main function is to inform the on-site personnel of the occurrence of fire and direct and guide the on-site personnel to evacuate.

8. fire telephone

a fire telephone is a telephone system used to communicate between the fire control room and various parts of the building. It consists of a fire telephone switchboard, a fire telephone extension and a fire telephone jack. Fire telephone is a special independent system separated from ordinary telephone. Generally, centralized intercom telephone is used. The switchboard of fire telephone is located in the fire control room, and the extensions are located in other parts. Among them, the fire telephone switchboard is an important part of the fire telephone, which can carry out full-duplex voice communication with the fire telephone extension. Fire telephone extensions are set in key parts of the building and can carry out full-duplex voice communication with the fire telephone switchboard; Fire telephone jacks are installed in all parts of the building, and you can communicate with the fire telephone switchboard by plugging in the telephone handle.

ii. working principle of automatic fire alarm system

in the automatic fire alarm system, the fire alarm controller and the fire linkage controller are the core components, which are the monitoring and management hub and man-machine interaction platform for fire alarm and alarm in the system.

(1) Fire detection and alarm system

When a fire occurs, the fire detector installed at the scene of the protected area converts the fire characteristic parameters such as smoke, heat and light radiation generated by the fire into electrical signals, and after data processing, transmits the fire characteristic parameter information to the fire alarm controller; Or the fire detector directly makes a fire alarm judgment and transmits the alarm information to the fire alarm controller. After receiving the fire characteristic parameter information or alarm information of the detector, the fire alarm controller displays the position of the alarm detector and records the fire alarm time of the detector through alarm confirmation judgment. Personnel at the fire scene can immediately touch the manual fire alarm button installed at the scene after discovering the fire, and the manual fire alarm button will transmit the alarm information to the fire alarm controller. After receiving the alarm information from the manual fire alarm button, the fire alarm controller will confirm and judge the alarm, display the position of the manual fire alarm button and record the alarm time of the manual fire alarm button. After confirming the alarm information of the fire detector and the manual fire alarm button, the fire alarm controller drives the fire alarm device installed at the scene of the protected area to send out a fire alarm to warn the personnel in the protected area of the occurrence of a fire.

The working principle of the fire detection and alarm system is shown in the figure:

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(II) Fire linkage control system

When a fire occurs, linkage trigger signals such as alarm signals of the fire detector and manual fire alarm button are transmitted to the fire linkage controller, which recognizes and judges the received trigger signals according to the preset logical relationship, and when the logical relationship condition is met, the fire linkage controller starts the corresponding automatic fire protection system according to the preset control sequence (. The fire management personnel in the fire control room can also directly start the corresponding fire control system (facility) by operating the manual control panel of the fire linkage controller, so as to realize the preset fire control function of the corresponding fire control system (facility). The fire-fighting linkage control receives and displays the feedback information of the fire-fighting system (facility).

the working principle of the fire-fighting linkage control system is shown as follows:

turn left | turn right.