First, interdisciplinary research methods
The method of using multidisciplinary theories, methods and achievements to conduct a comprehensive study of a subject as a whole is also called "cross-study method". The law of scientific development movement shows that science is highly integrated in high differentiation and forms a unified whole. According to the statistics of relevant experts, there are more than 2,000 disciplines in the world, and the trend of differentiation between disciplines is still intensifying. At the same time, the links between disciplines are getting closer and closer, and there is a unified trend in language, methods and some concepts.
Second, normative research and empirical research.
1, standardizing research methods
Normative research method is based on some kind of value judgment, which solves the problem of objective phenomenon "what should it be", that is, to explain whether the object of study is good or bad, and whether it has positive or negative significance to society.
2. Empirical research methods
Empirical research method is a special form of scientific practice research. According to the needs of the existing scientific theory and practice, it puts forward the design, uses scientific instruments and equipment, observes, records and measures the changes of accompanying phenomena, and manipulates purposefully and step by step under natural conditions to determine the causal relationship between conditions and phenomena. The main purpose is to explain the relationship between various independent variables and a dependent variable.
Third, literature review and case study.
1, literature comprehensive research method
Literature research method is a method to obtain information by investigating literature according to certain research purposes or topics, so as to comprehensively and correctly understand and master the problems to be studied.
2. Case study method
Case study method is a research method to identify a specific object among the research objects, investigate and analyze it, and find out its characteristics and formation process. There are three basic types of case studies: (1) personal investigation, that is, investigation and study of a person in an organization; (2) Group investigation, that is, investigation and study of an organization or group; (3) problem investigation, that is, to investigate and study a phenomenon or problem.
Fourth, quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis
1, quantitative analysis method
In scientific research, quantitative analysis can make people know the research object more accurately, so as to reveal the law more scientifically, grasp the essence, clarify the relationship and predict the development trend of things.
2. Qualitative analysis method
Qualitative analysis is the qualitative analysis of the research object. By using the methods of induction and deduction, analysis, synthesis and abstract generalization, the obtained materials are processed by thinking, so as to get rid of the rough and the fine, get rid of the false and keep the true, understand the essence of things and reveal the internal laws.
Five, investigation method and experiment method
1, survey method:
The commonly used method is questionnaire survey, which tabulates, distributes, fills in, collects, sorts out, counts and studies the survey items.
2. Experimental method
Experimental method is a scientific research method to discover and confirm the causal relationship between things by actively changing and controlling the research object. Its main features are:
1. Positive and change. Both observation and investigation are to study and find problems without disturbing the research object, while experiments need to actively manipulate the experimental conditions, artificially change the existing mode and changing process of the object, and make it obey the needs of scientific understanding;
2. control. Scientific experiments require reducing or eliminating the interference of various irrelevant factors that may affect science according to the needs of research, and understanding the research object in a simplified and purified state;
3. Causality. Experiment is an effective tool and necessary way to discover and confirm the causal relationship between things.
Significance and function of project opening report and research plan
The opening report is a topic selection plan written by the project leader on the basis of investigation and research, and submitted to the superior for approval after the project direction is determined. This paper mainly explains that this topic needs to be studied, and how to prepare it when conditions permit, which can also be said to be the demonstration and design of the topic. The opening report is an important link to improve the quality and level of topic selection.
The research plan is the work plan of the whole research after the subject is determined and before the researchers formally carry out the research, which initially stipulates the specific content and steps of the research. The research scheme plays a key role in the smooth development of the whole research work, especially for people with less scientific research experience. A good scheme can ensure that the whole research work is carried out in an orderly way. It can be said that the level of research scheme is an important embodiment of the quality and level of a discipline.